Análise epidemiológica comparativa do infarto agudo do miocárdio referente ao ano 2020

Objetivo: Objetivou-se analisar o efeito da localidade (região geográfica do Brasil) e sexo (feminino ou masculino) nos óbitos por Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de natureza quantitativa, com abordagem documental e retrospectiva. Utilizada base de dados online e gratuita do Ministério da Saúde – Departamento de Análise em Saúde e Vigilância de Doenças não Transmissíveis (DASNT), qualquer cidadão pode consultar os dados epidemiológicos que lhes convém. Buscado por óbitos devido Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio, ocorridos em hospitais, no ano 2020, no país, atestados por médicos em todas as faixas etárias, raça/cor, sexo. Resultados: Averiguado um total de 8662 óbitos e superioridade da região Sudeste (3790). Diferenças encontradas quanto aos sexos e quanto aos quesitos geográficos por diferenças socioeconômicas. Conclusão: Destarte, os critérios de segregação dos grupos vulneráveis levam em consideração conhecer a individualidade dos pacientes para, assim, intervir de forma efetiva. Descritores: Morte; Doenças cardiovasculares; Infarto agudo do miocárdi

Previsão de demanda de potência em sistema híbrido de armazenamento de energia em veículos elétricos utilizando redes Narx/ Power demand forecasting on hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicles using Narx networks

O uso de múltiplas fontes de energia na alimentação de veículos puramente elétricos possibilita melhorar seu desempenho, aumentando sua autonomia e prolongando a vida útil do banco de baterias embarcado, que é o elemento de maior custo deste tipo de automóvel. Neste trabalho, é proposto o uso de técnicas de inteligência computacional na gestão de um sistema híbrido de armazenamento de energia baseado em bateria e supercapacitor, ambos embarcados em um veículo elétrico. Para isso, é apresentada uma metodologia de previsão e separação da demanda das frações de potência utilizando uma rede neural baseada no Modelo Autorregressivo Não Linear com Entradas Exógenas (NARX). A partir das simulações realizadas e dos ajustes dos parâmetros da rede, encontrou-se um erro muito pequeno em relação aos sinais previstos. Com base nos resultados obtidos é possível concluir que o método proposto se mostrou bastante eficiente e promissor para a aplicação em cálculo de demanda de energia em veículos elétricos

Análise de desempenho dos campeões da maratona internacional de São Paulo

Objetivo: Analisar o tempo de prova, idade e diferença de desempenho dos atletas campeões da Maratona Internacional de São Paulo em razão ao sexo biológico e classificação por continente. Além de verificar taxa de vencedores por países e continentes. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi integrada por dados secundários disponíveis em web referente a Maratona Internacional de São Paulo, sendo analisado as edições entre 1995 e 2022. Utilizando tratamento estatístico descritivo e inferencial por meio dos softwares Excel 2021 e JASP 0.16.4, sendo utilizado os testes de Shapiro-Wilk, Teste de Levene e Anova Fatorial 2x2. Resultados: Foi observado o tempo médio no sexo biológico masculino de 02:15:43 ±00:02:13 e no sexo biológico feminino 02:39:27 ±00:03:23 a diferença de desempenho entre sexo biológico foi de 17%. O teste de Anova Fatorial indicou efeito estatisticamente na variável tempo de prova no fator sexo a nível de significância p<0.01 com tamanho de efeito η2 0.941 e classificação a nível de significância p<0.05 com tamanho de efeito η2 0.006, na variável idade no fator classificação foi observado efeito estatístico com nível de significância p<0.05 com tamanho de efeito η2 0.122. Conclusão: Atletas do continente apresentaram maior número de vitórias, além de serem mais jovens e com melhores resultados, o tempo de prova feminino foi reduzido assim como a diferença de desempenho entre sexo biológico

Análise do desempenho de triatletas maranhenses

O Triathlon se caracteriza como uma atividade de Multiesportes, sendo integrado por Natação, Ciclismo, Corrida e Transições. Objetivo: O estudo teve como desfecho analisar e comparar o desempenho de Triatletas durante o Campeonato Maranhense - Triathlon Sprint referente ao ano de 2017 na categoria elite. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo com utilização de dados públicos, amostra integralizada pelo resultado do Campeonato Maranhense - Sprint Triathlon, disponível em web, com 5 primeiros colocados do sexo masculino e feminino da categoria elite do ano de 2017, totalizando 10 participantes. Análise Estatística: Utilizou-se estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais, através do Microsoft Excel® 2017 e Jasp 0.14.1, sendo realizado os testes de Shapiro-Wilk, Teste t Student Independente e Correlação de Pearson, adotando significância p<0.05. Resultados: Notou-se as seguintes correlações com o tempo final da prova, para natação (r= -0.498) ciclismo (r=0.897), corrida (r=0.185) no sexo masculino, enquanto no sexo feminino para natação (r= 0.698), ciclismo (r= 0.234) e corrida (r= 0.654). Conclusão: Observou-se melhor desempenho no sexo masculino, assim como associação com significância no tempo final de prova

Uso indiscriminado de morfina no cuidado paliativo de pacientes com câncer: uma revisão integrativa

Objective: To evaluate how the indiscriminate use of morphine affects end-stage cancer patients. Methods: Integrative review study, with a descriptive and qualitative approach, about the effects of indiscriminate use of morphine among patients with end-stage cancer, between 2013 and 2023. Results: Initially, applying criteria of language, year of publication and availability in full, 1,879 articles were considered, of which 1,521 were excluded because they were reviews, documents and books, resulting in 358 articles read in full, in which 14 met all the inclusion criteria. In summary, two studies bring positive aspects of prolonged morphine regarding the analgesic effects and minimal adverse events, however, 12 studies bring different approaches regarding the indiscriminate use of morphine, in order to demonstrate divergences regarding aspects of pain control, however, a better description as to the occurrence of adverse events (especially nausea, constipation and sleepiness), drug addiction/tolerance and risk of death associated with stroke, AEs, and sepsis. Conclusion: There is still literature divergence as to the contribution of morphine in pain reduction, although some authors point out its contribution, however, it is well reported that the indiscriminate use may reflect in problems of AEs level, tolerance and risks to death, therefore, it is necessary to discuss its prescription in order to promulgate an effective medical monitoring and control in administration. &nbsp; Keywords: Morphine; Cancer; Abuse; Adverse Events.Objetivo: Avaliar como o uso indiscriminado de morfina afeta os pacientes em estágio terminal de câncer. Métodos: Estudo de revisão integrativa, de abordagem descritiva e qualitativa, sobre os efeitos no uso indiscriminado de morfina entre pacientes com câncer em estágio terminal, entre 2013 e 2023. Resultados: Inicialmente, aplicando critério de idioma, ano de publicação e disponibilidade na íntegra, foram considerando 1.879 artigos onde, 1.521 foram excluídos por se tratar de revisão, documentos e livros, resultando em 358 artigos lidos na íntegra, no qual 14 contemplaram todos os critérios de inclusão. Em suma, dois estudos trazem aspectos positivos da morfina prolongada quanto aos efeitos analgésicos e mínimos eventos adversos, contudo, 12 estudos trazem abordagens diferenciadas quanto ao uso indiscriminado da morfina, de forma a demonstrar divergências quanto aspectos de controle da dor, entretanto, uma melhor descrição quanto a ocorrência de eventos adversos (sobretudo náuseas, constipação e sonolência), vicio/tolerância medicamentosa e riscos de óbitos associados a Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Fibrilação Arterial e sepse. Conclusão: Ainda há divergência literária quanto a contribuição da morfina prolongada na redução da dor, embora alguns autores pontuem seu aporte, contudo, é bem relatado que o uso indiscriminado pode refletir em problemas de nível de EAs, tolerância e riscos ao óbito, logo, é necessário discutir a sua prescrição de forma a promulgar um acompanhamento médico efetivo e controle na administração. &nbsp; Palavras-chave: Morfina; Câncer; Uso abusivo; Eventos Adversos

Hypotensive effect and endothelium-dependent vascular action of leaves of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Schum

The aims of this study were to evaluate the chemical profile, vascular reactivity, and acute hypotensive effect (AHE) of the ethanolic extract of leaves of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Schum (EEAP). Its chemical profile was evaluated using HPLC-UV, ICP-OES, and colorimetric quantification of total flavonoids and polyphenols. The vascular reactivity of the extract was determined using the mesenteric bed isolated from WKY. AHE dose-response curves were obtained for both EEAP and inorganic material isolated from AP (IAP) in WKY and SHR animals. Cytotoxic and mutagenic safety levels were determined by the micronucleus test. Rutin-like flavonoids were quantified in the EEAP (1.8 ± 0.03%), and the total flavonoid and polyphenol ratios were 4.1 ± 1.8% and 5.1 ± 0.3%, respectively. We observed that the vasodilation action of EEAP was partially mediated by nitric oxide (·NO). The IAP showed the presence of calcium (137.76 ± 4.08 μg mg-1). The EEAP and IAP showed an AHE in WKY and SHR animals. EEAP did not have cytotoxic effects or cause chromosomic alterations. The AHE shown by EEAP could result from its endothelium-dependent vascular action. Rutin-like flavonoids, among other polyphenols, could contribute to these biological activities, and the calcium present in EEAP could act in a synergistic way

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

Planejamento estático da expansão de sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica utilizando otimização por enxame de partículas

This dissertation aims at the realization of the static transmission network expansion planning (STNEP) of electric power systems using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. The proposed methodology uses a Constructive Heuristic Algorithm (CHA) in order to pre-select the most relevant candidates lines for expansion, so as to reduce the search space and thereby increasing efficiency of the bioinspired optimization process. Thus, the proposed methodology can be divided into two steps: (i) Obtaining the reduced set of routes through the CHA, in order to identify relevant routes for expansion and thus reduce the search space; (ii) Using the Particle Swarm Optimization and heuristic information provided by the first stage, in order to find the minimum expansion cost using a reduced number of particles. In both stages the transmission network is represented by a linearized load flow model, where the expansion decisions are incorporated into the optimization problem using the original equations of the model DC. The selection of expansion criterion is done through heuristic in order to avoid combinatorial explosion associated with expansion alternatives. The proposed methodology is applied to the Garver system and two real equivalent South and Southeastern Brazilian systems.Esta dissertação tem por objetivo a realização do planejamento estático da expansão de sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica via otimização por Enxame de Partículas (EP). A metodologia proposta faz uso de um Algoritmo Heurístico Construtivo (AHC) que tem a finalidade de pré-selecionar as linhas candidatas à expansão mais relevantes, de modo a reduzir o espaço de busca e consequentemente, aumentar a eficiência do processo de otimização bioinspirado. Desta forma, a metodologia proposta pode ser dividida em duas etapas: (i) Obtenção do conjunto reduzido de rotas através do AHC, com o objetivo de identificar os caminhos relevantes à expansão e, assim, diminuir o espaço de busca; (ii) Utilização da otimização por enxame de partículas e das informações heurísticas advindas da primeira etapa, com o objetivo de encontrar o custo mínimo de expansão através de um número reduzidos de partículas. Em ambas as etapas a rede de transmissão é representada pelo modelo linearizado de fluxo de carga, onde as decisões de expansão são incorporadas ao problema através das equações originais do modelo CC. O critério de seleção da expansão é realizado através de heurística, de modo a evitar a explosão combinatória referente às alternativas de investimento. A metodologia proposta é aplicada ao sistema Garver e a dois sistemas reais equivalentes a região Sul e Sudeste do Brasil.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio