Ultrasound diagnosis and monitoring of canine scleritis

A esclerite é uma doença inflamatória extremamente dolorosa e pode afetar seriamente a visão. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever dois casos de esclerite em cães tratados com imunossupressores e monitorados pela ultrassonografia ocular. Em ambos os casos, a parede ocular apresentava acentuado espessamento e as avaliações ultrassonográficas foram repetidas por semanas, revelando melhoria progressiva e permitindo ajustes na dosagem das medicações. Em conclusão, a ultrassonografia ocular é uma ferramenta útil no diagnóstico e tratamento da esclerite em cães.Scleritis is a severe painful inflammatory and vision-threatening disease. The purpose of this paper is to describe two cases of scleritis in dogs treated with immunosuppressors and monitored by ocular ultrasound. In both cases the ocular wall presented marked thickening and the ultrasonic exams were repeated for weeks showing progressive improvement allowing adjusting the dosage of the medications. In conclusion, ocular ultrasound is a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of scleritis in dogs

Avaliação dos processos de morte celular programada no epitélio da lente de cães idosos com catarata diabética e hipermadura

It is well known that posterior capsule opacification (PCO), one of the most common late postoperative complications of cataract surgery, is mainly caused by proliferation and differentiation of remaining lens epithelial cells (LECs) on the posterior lens capsule. Many authors suggest that alterations induced by the pathophysiology of cataracts, its metabolism and the use of 0.1% trypan blue (TB) must cause some degree of cellular damage on these cells, wicht would help to prevent and/or reduce the incidence of PCO after cataract surgery in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of cell death markers on LECs of older dogs with diabetic and hypermature cataracts, after capsulorhexis, both using 0.1% TB. Twenty samples collected from 13 dogs of different breeds, with ages varying from 8 to 12 years-old, with diabetic and hypermature cataracts, which had been subjected to phacoemulsification surgery (Phaco) using 0.1% TB for staining were studied. Animals were classified as dogs with diabetic (DC) and hypermature cataracts (HC), and expression of molecular markers for apoptosis and autophagy (caspase-3 and beclin-1) on LECs were obtained by immunofluorescence technique. The expression of caspase-3 and beclin-1 was observed in every studied sample and did not differ between groups. In conclusion, our findings suggest that apoptosis and autophagy processes occur to LECs in older dogs presenting diabetic and hypermature cataracts after Phaco utilizing 0.1% TB. Our results may be helpful to future studies of PCO in post-phacoemulsification surgery patients.A opacificação da cápsula posterior da lente do globo ocular é a complicação mais observada após a remoção da lente. Essa patologia é causada principalmente pela proliferação e diferenciação das células do epitélio anterior da lente em sua cápsula posterior. Muitos autores sugerem que alterações induzidas pelo metabolismo e/ou patofisiologia da catarata e o uso do corante de azul de tripan a 0,1% devam causar algum dano a essas células, o que supostamente ajudaria a prevenir e reduzir a incidência de tal complicação em humanos. Este trabalho avaliou a expressão de marcadores de morte celular no epitélio anterior da lente de cães idosos com catarata diabética e hipermadura, após capsulorrexe realizada com o emprego do azul de tripan a 0,1%. Foram estudadas vinte amostras colhidas de treze cães de diferentes raças, com idades variando de oito a doze anos, que apresentavam catarata diabética ou hipermadura e que foram submetidos à facoemulsificação utilizando corante de azul de tripan a 0,1%. Foram designados dois grupos: com catarata diabética (DC) e com catarata hipermadura (HC). A expressão molecular dos marcadores de morte celular por apoptose a autofagia (caspase-3 e beclina-1) no epitélio anterior da lente foi avaliada pela técnica de imunofluorescência. Observou-se que a expressão de caspase-3 e beclina-1 ocorreu em todas as amostras e não foi diferente entre os grupos. Os achados deste estudo sugerem que o processo de morte celular por apoptose e autofagia ocorre no epitélio anterior da lente de cães idosos com catarata diabética e hipermadura submetidos à facoemulsificação com o corante de azul de tripan a 0,1%. Este resultado pode ser útil para estudos futuros da opacidade da cápsula posterior da lente em cães submetidos à facoemulsificação

ATUAÇÃO DO FISIOTERAPEUTA NA MOBILIZAÇÃO PRECOCE PARA PREVENÇÃO DA TROMBOSE VENOSA PROFUNDA

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o papel do fisioterapeuta na mobilização precoce para prevenção da trombose venosa profunda e dos agravos causados pela mesma.Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, cuja pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline, Scielo, Lilacs, PubMed e PEDro. A pesquisa foi delimitada aos anos de 2007 a 2017. A maior parte dos artigos analisados concluem que a fisioterapia, aliada à profilaxia medicamentosa para TVP, tem eficácia comprovada, porém a utilização desses recursos ainda não atingem os níveis satisfatórios conforme a necessidade de muitos pacientes. O papel do fisioterapeuta vai desde a avaliação do potencial risco de TVP e prevenção até a redução dos agravos causados pela mesma. Os principais benefícios encontrados são a melhora da circulação periférica, diminuição do edema e melhora da qualidade de vida. A combinação de mobilização precoce, anticoagulação e compressão dos membros inferiores demonstram-se eficazes na profilaxia. &nbsp

Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Pain Level, Functionality, and Rating of Exertion of Elderly Obese Knee Osteoarthritis Individuals: A Randomized Study

Introduction: Among chronic diseases, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a joint disease that causes important progressive alterations in the articular and periarticular structures, including synovial inflammation. Exercise has been suggested as an intervention to KOA individuals, and studies suggest that whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise decreases pain levels and favours the functionality of KOA individuals. Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyze the acute effects of WBV exercise on pain levels, functionality (Timed Up and Go (TUG test), anterior trunk flexion (ATF)), and rating of exertion of elderly obese KOA individuals. Methods: Thirty-seven individuals with KOA were allocated to a WBV exercise group (WBVEG), n = 19 (15 females/4 males), and a control group (CG), n = 18 (15 females/3 males). WBVEG performed one session of WBV exercise (11 min, using 5 Hz, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mm, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.37 g). Three bouts were performed (working time of 3 min and rest time of 1 min) using a side-alternating vibrating platform (VP). The same position was used in CG; however, the VP was turned off and there was equipment coupled to the VP that emitted a sound like the vibrations. The pain level was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Functionality was evaluated with a TUG test and ATF. The rating of subjectively perceived exertion was measured with the category ratio CR-10 (BORG Scale CR-10), Results: A reduction of pain levels in WBVEG after the intervention (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.041) was found. A decrease of TUG test time in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.045) was found, while no statistical changes were observed in the Borg Scale score. Significant improvements of flexibility in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.043) were found. Conclusion: One session of WBV exercise can lead to important improvements in individuals with KOA, possibly triggered by physiological responses. However, more studies are needed, in this clinical context, to confirm these results

A comprehensive assessment of the transcriptome of cork oak (Quercus suber) through EST sequencing

Background: Cork oak (Quercus suber) is one of the rare trees with the ability to produce cork, a material widely used to make wine bottle stoppers, flooring and insulation materials, among many other uses. The molecular mechanisms of cork formation are still poorly understood, in great part due to the difficulty in studying a species with a long life-cycle and for which there is scarce molecular/genomic information. Cork oak forests are of great ecological importance and represent a major economic and social resource in Southern Europe and Northern Africa. However, global warming is threatening the cork oak forests by imposing thermal, hydric and many types of novel biotic stresses. Despite the economic and social value of the Q. suber species, few genomic resources have been developed, useful for biotechnological applications and improved forest management. Results: We generated in excess of 7 million sequence reads, by pyrosequencing 21 normalized cDNA libraries derived from multiple Q. suber tissues and organs, developmental stages and physiological conditions. We deployed a stringent sequence processing and assembly pipeline that resulted in the identification of ~159,000 unigenes. These were annotated according to their similarity to known plant genes, to known Interpro domains, GO classes and E.C. numbers. The phylogenetic extent of this ESTs set was investigated, and we found that cork oak revealed a significant new gene space that is not covered by other model species or EST sequencing projects. The raw data, as well as the full annotated assembly, are now available to the community in a dedicated web portal at http://www.corkoakdb.org. Conclusions: This genomic resource represents the first trancriptome study in a cork producing species. It can be explored to develop new tools and approaches to understand stress responses and developmental processes in forest trees, as well as the molecular cascades underlying cork differentiation and disease response.Peer Reviewe

Síndrome de DiGeorge: um relato de caso: DiGeorge's Syndrome: a case report

O presente artigo objetivou apresentar o caso clínico de uma paciente pediátrica diagnosticada com a síndrome de DiGeorge e que foi admitida no setor de Cardiologia Pediátrica para correção de malformação cardíaca. Este trabalho se trata de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de caso, que visou analisar as principais manifestações desse distúrbio genético, bem como suas abordagens diagnósticas e terapêuticas. A criança foi submetida à correção de defeito cardíaco característico da anomalia e evoluiu com parada cardiorrespiratória, prontamente revertida, e com crise convulsiva no pós-operatório. A anomalia possui espectro clínico diverso, com repercussões que impactam sobremaneira no equilíbrio eletrolítico e nos sistemas imunológico e cardiovascular, exigindo reconhecimento em tempo hábil e a adoção de condutas assertivas para reduzir a morbidade do portador

Traité de documentation : le livre sur le livre : théorie et pratique

Esta obra destina-se a apresentar uma exposição geral das noções relativas ao livro e ao documento, e ao emprego lógico dos elementos que constituem a documentação

Farmacologia clínica da doença de Parkinson: Clinical pharmacology of Parkinson's disease

As patologias neurodegenerativas cursam com depleção progressiva e irreversível dos neurônios existentes em regiões específicas do cérebro. A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é um protótipo, na qual o extravio neuronal do hipocampo e do córtex resulta em déficit de memória e disfunção cognitiva. O seguinte artigo objetivou descrever de modo narrativo as considerações clínicas da doença de Parkinson que justifiquem a ação farmacológica dos fármacos empregados em sua terapêutica. Atualmente, a intervenção farmacológica e a cirúrgica não são capazes de reverter o quadro clínico, mas evitam a progressão da morbimortalidade da DP. O tratamento é individual, baseado na reação específica, o quadro clínico, resposta farmacológica e aspectos socioeconômicos, ocupacionais e emocionais. A finalidade se baseia em perpetuar a autonomia e funcionalidade, o máximo de tempo possível. A escolha dos fármacos mais apropriados para cada paciente e o início do tratamento e o acompanhamento ao longo da evolução são etapas difíceis. Devido a cronicidade, o tratamento deve continuar por toda a vida, considerando que os fármacos e suas doses mudam com o tempo, o surgimento de efeitos adversos

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions