Rights management on knowledge-based digital content

The digital networks have facilitated the digital content access and sharing. Although this creates the opportunities to a wider dissemination of information and knowledge, on the other hand it creates challenges on what concerns the protection and enforcement of Intellectual Property (IP). This is particular important on the IP management of digital knowledge-based that is create on a daily basis on educational and research institutions, where a set of researchers and educators contribute with their knowledge creation works to the education value-adding processes. This paper will address the different scenarios/stages where the application of rights management solutions to the protection and management of knowledge-based content can provide an appropriate management of IP. These scenarios will consider the production and protection of the content, the rights establishment for the dissemination of content and the appropriate IP enforcement on the content user-side. This would establish a global environment where knowledge-based content IPR can be governed, allowing authors to establish the conditions that allow others to use their own work

Impact of the architecture of dye sensitized solar cell-powered electrochromic devices on their photovoltaic performance and the ability to color change

The functional layers arrangement in a dye sensitized solar cell electrochromic device (DSSC-EC) on the energy conversion efficiency and on the ability to change the color is studied. The highest power conversion efficiency of ca. 7% and good color change in closed circuit conditions was observed with electrochromic WO3 deposited on the counter-electrode of the DSSC. When WO3 layer was applied over the photoanode, the DSSC-EC displayed less power conversion efficiency - 3.4%, but a more intense color change was observed under illumination and opened external circuit. Response of the photocurrent vs. applied potential, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency and optical behavior of the DSSC-EC were assessed and discussed considering optical properties of the components of the device and their energy bands alignment. Smart window and self-powered proof-of-concept pixelated device operating on DSSC-EC are presented

Usefulness of brain signals for the detection of loss of consciousness in anesthesia

Loss of consciousness (LOC) detection is essential for better anesthesia guidance. Clinical signs and brain monitoring are currently used in operating rooms to assess the state of consciousness. However, a patientindependent, accurate and reliable indicator of LOC is not currently available. We studied 69 patients undergoing general anesthesia, investigating a possible relationship between loss of consciousness and BIS and EMG signals registered during induction. Neither BIS and EMG values at LOC, nor their abrupt fall proved to be good indicators of loss of consciousness. Further work needs to be done in order to reliably detect loss of consciousness.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comfort analysis comparison between Alfapendular and Intercity Portuguese trains at the north rail

Nowadays, trains are one of the most used public transportation modes. Comfort is the key to keeping and attracting new users. Vibration highly influences comfort levels and, once it is derived from the train motion it is stated as a primary concern. Due to contact with the seat and floor, passengers are subjected to whole-body vibration. ISO 2631 standard is fully dedicated to the evaluation of this type of vibration. Following its approach, the present research evaluates the comfort levels of Alfapendular and Intercity trains operating in Portugal at the Porto Campanhã – Lisbon Oriente connection. Measurements were performed at the beginning, middle, and end of the train, allowing a comparison between seat types within the same train and the same types from different trains. Results showed higher comfort levels for the Alfapendular trains, while for the Intercity train, both middle and end of train locations were ranked as “Little uncomfortable”. As a complementary analysis, it was observed the vibration transmission of the seat based on the Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility (SEAT). Results were above 100%, showing vibration amplification by all tested seats. Higher SEAT values were found for the Intercity train seat. This was the first study conducted on Portuguese trains regarding comfort analysis and vibration transmission.The first author thanks to Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) for a PhD scholarship under the project iRail (PD/BD/143161/2019). The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the projects FCT LAETA– UIDB/50022/2020, UIDP/50022/2020 and UIDB/04077/2020

Passengers Comfort Perception and Demands on Railway Vehicles: A Review

Trains are becoming a popular way of transportation driven by comfort and ecology reasons. Latest statistics showed an increasing of 40% on the number of passengers in the last decade. The development of new high-speed trains promoted an evolution on the coaches interiors, as to make railway transportation more attractive. To cope this objective, new requirements were set, namely high levels of comfort and safety. In complement, multiple long-term ride comfort evaluation methods have been developed. The aim of this work is to present a review on the passengers’ comfort perception    in railway vehicles. The standards ISO 2631, EN 12299 and the Sperling’s method are the most used ones. They refer several factors, as the vibration (level, frequency and duration), temperature, noise and area of the train per capita. Additionally, the perception of reduced accidents delayed the studies of passive security. Therefore, recent works focus on reducing the consequences of the second impact in case of accident and minimize the biomechanics injury criterion, through new interiors design layouts. Keywords: Railway vehicles, Passengers comfort, Posture, Ride evaluation, Passive safet

Modal identification of train passenger seats based on dynamic tests and output-only techniques

Railways are one of the most efficient and widely used mass transportation systems for mid-range distances, also being pointed out as the best strategy to reach European Union decarbonisation goals. However, to increase railways attractiveness, it is necessary to improve the quality of the ride, namely its comfort, by decreasing the vibration at the passenger level. This article describes the experimental vibration modal identification of train seats based on a dedicated set of dynamic tests performed on Alfa Pendular and Intercity trains. This work uses two output-only modal identification techniques: the transmissibility functions and the Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) method. The last method allows us to clearly distinguish the seat structural movements, particularly the ones related to torsion and bending of the seat frame, from the local vertical foam vibrations. The natural frequencies and mode shapes are validated by matching the results derived from the transmissibility functions and EFDD method. The identified modal parameters are particularly relevant to characterise the vibration transmissibility provided by the foams (local transmissibility) and the vibration transmissibility derived from the metallic seat frame (global transmissibility).This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia grant number PD/BD/143161/2019. The authors also acknowledge the financial support from the Base Funding-UIDB/04708/2020 and Programmatic Funding-UIDP/04708/2020 of the CONSTRUCT—Instituto de Estruturas e Construções, funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC).This work is a result of project “FERROVIA 4.0”, with reference POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046111, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (COMPETE 2020) and the Lisbon Regional Operational Programme (LISBOA 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement. The first author thanks Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) for a PhD scholarship under the project iRail (PD/BD/143161/2019). The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the projects FCT LAETA–UIDB/50022/2020, and UIDB/04077/2020. Finally, the authors express their gratitude to Nuno Pinto, from the LESE-FEUP laboratory, for his great assistance during the preparation of the experimental tests

Propriedades psicométricas do inventário measuring state and child resilience

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar el proceso de validación de una escala de resiliencia para estudiantes de enfermería portuguesa. Las nuevas tendencias de investigación enmarcan la resiliencia en el contexto de la psicología positiva, como un movimiento dirigido a entender los aspectos potencialmente saludables de los seres humanos en oposición a la psicología tradicional y su énfasis en los aspectos psicopatológicos. La resiliencia escolar se refiere a la capacidad de las personas para resistir, tanto individualmente como grupo, a situaciones difíciles, sin perder su equilibrio inicial, es decir, su capacidad de ajustarse de una manera positiva y resistir a las presiones de la vida diaria de la escuela, manteniendo el foco constantemente en sus objetivos principales de la escuela y trabajo. Después de la validación del estado de medición e inventario de resiliencia infantil, los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach oscilan entre 0.735 (consistencia interna aceptable) en los dominios de la escala del estado de resiliencia y 0.832 (buena consistencia interna) en la escala de resiliencia infantil. Consideramos que la escala tiene una estructura unidimensional ya que todos los elementos de la escala se distribuyen en los tres factores.This paper aims to present the validation process of a resilience scale for Portuguese nursing students. The new research trends place the study of resilience within the context of Positive Psychology, a movement aimed to understand the potentially healthy aspects of human beings in opposition to traditional psychology and its emphasis in the psychopathological aspects. School resilience concerns people’s capacity to resist, both individually and as a group, to difficult situations without loosing their initial balance, i.e., their capacity to constantly adjust themselves in a positive way and resist to the pressures of daily school life, keeping the focus on the main goals of the work and school. After the validation of the Measuring State and Child Resilience Inventory, the Cronbach alpha coefficients ranged from 0.735 (acceptable internal consistency) in the domains of the State Resilience scale and 0.832 (good internal consistency) in the Child Resilience scale. We considered the scale to have a one-dimensional structure since all scale items are distributed across the three factors.O presente artigo apresenta o processo de validação de uma escala de avaliação da resiliência para alunos de enfermagem portugueses. As novas tendências de investigação enquadram o estudo da resiliência no contexto da Psicologia Positiva, movimento que tem como objectivo compreender os aspectos potencialmente saudáveis dos seres humanos em oposição à psicologia tradicional que coloca a sua ênfase nos aspectos psicopatológicos. (Martins & Jesus, 2007). Resiliência na escola remete para a capacidade que as pessoas têm, tanto individualmente como em grupo, para resistir a situações difíceis sem perder o seu equilíbrio inicial, isto é, a capacidade de ajustar-se constantemente de maneira positiva e resistir às pressões do quotidiano escolar mantendo o foco nos objectivos principais do trabalho e da escola. Na validação do Inventário Measuring State and Child Resilience o resultado global obtido para os valores de de Cronbach nas dimensões da escala State Resilience e da escala Child Resilience é de 0.735 (consistência interna aceitável) e 0.832 (boa consistência interna) respectivamente. O facto de todos os itens que compõem esta escala se apresentarem dissemi-nados pelos três factores levou-nos a considerar a escala com tendo uma estrutura unidimensional.peerReviewe