Análise da perda óssea alveolar e de parâmetros de estresse oxidativo em ratos wistar expostos ou não à vitamina C

Antecedentes: Estudos em animais têm observado a existência de uma relação entre a ingestão de vitamina C e melhores resultados do reparo periodontal. Entretanto, estudos avaliando os efeitos da vitamina C sobre marcadores de estresse oxidativo são escassos. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da utilização de vitamina C sobre a perda óssea alveolar e parâmetros de estresse oxidativo em ratos Wistar com e sem periodontite experimental induzida. Metodologia: Sessenta e oito (68) ratos Wistar machos foram randomicamente divididos em 4 grupos com 17 animais em cada grupo: Controle, Periodontite (Perio), Vitamina C (VitC) e Vitamina C com doença periodontal (Perio+VitC). A doença periodontal foi induzida apenas nos grupos Perio e Perio+VitC por meio de ligaduras posicionadas no segundo molar superior direito. O dente contralateral foi considerado controle intragrupo. Nos grupos que receberam vitamina C, o mesmo foi feito na concentração de 1g/L. Peso corporal, consumo de sólidos e líquidos foram avaliados, além da perda óssea alveolar em fotografias padronizadas e níveis plasmáticos de FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma), sulfidril e carbonil por um examinador treinado e calibrado. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 95% Resultados: Observou-se um ganho de peso, consumo de líquidos e sólidos ao longo do tempo, sem diferenças significativas entre os grupos experimentais. Os animais do grupo Perio+VitC exibiram menores graus de perda óssea alveolar quando comparados aos animais do grupo Perio, apenas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na perda óssea entre os grupos nos lados contralaterais. Considerando os marcadores de estresse oxidativo, concentrações plasmáticas mais elevadas de sulfidril nos grupos Perio e VitC+Perio, nas análises de FRAP os grupos Perio e VitC+Perio apresentaram volumes plasmáticos menores em relação ao grupo Controle e nas análises do carbonil não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: A exposição à vitamina C potencialmente reduz a perda óssea alveolar, modulando parâmetros de estresse oxidativo em ratos WistarBackground: Animal studies have evaluated the relationship between vitamin C intake and periodontal repair. However, studies evaluating the effects of vitamin C on oxidative stress markers are scarce. Aim: To evaluate the effect of vitamin C on alveolar bone loss and oxidative stress markers in Wistar rats with and without experimental periodontitis. Methods: Sixty eight (68) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups with 17 rats in groups: Control, Periodontitis (Perio), Vitamin C (VitC) and Vitamin C plus Periodontal Disease (Perio+VitC). Periodontal disease was induced in the Perio and Perio+VitC groups by ligatures placed in the upper right second molar. The contralateral tooth was considered intragroup control. Rats were exposed to 1 g/L of vitamin C. Body weight, chow and fluid consumption were evaluated as well as alveolar bone loss in standardized photographs and plasma levels of FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma), sulphydryl and carbonyl by trained and calibrated examiner. The level of significance was set in 95% Results: Significant weight gain, liquid and solid consumption were observed throughout time, with no significant differences between the experimental groups. Animals Perio+VitC groups exhibited lower degrees of alveolar bone loss when compared to animals with Perio groups. There were no significant differences in bone loss between groups on the contralateral sites. Considering oxidative stress markers, higher plasmatic sulphydryl concentrations were observed in the Perio and VitC+Perio groups, and in the FRAP analyzes the Perio and VitC + Perio groups had lower plasma volumes in relation to the Control group No statistical differences between the groups were observed for carbonyl. Conclusion: Vitamin C potentially reduces alveolar bone loss by modulating oxidative stress markers in Wistar Rats

A influência de variáveis contextuais no acesso às justiças estaduais no Brasil

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Gestão de Políticas Públicas, Departamento de Administração, 2019.Acesso à justiça é um direito fundamental, que permite o alcance de todos os outros direitos, portanto o acesso à justiça deve ser igual e eficaz para todos, sem a presença de obstáculos. Dessa forma, importante analisar como os fatores econômicos, sociais, demográficos e culturais característicos de uma determinada população influenciam no acesso dessa população à justiça. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a influência de variáveis contextuais no acesso à justiça no Brasil, considerando para isso as primeiras instâncias de todas as justiças estaduais do país, no período de 2009 a 2017. Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva. Os dados secundários foram obtidos em diversas fontes: no Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), na Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB) e no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Foram consideradas como variáveis dependentes o acesso à justiça potencial, operacionalizada pela quantidade de magistrados e de advogados por habitantes, e o acesso à justiça efetivo, operacionalizado pela quantidade de processos ajuizados por habitantes. As variáveis explicativas contextuais utilizadas no estudo foram as seguintes: renda, escolaridade, cor de pele, sexo e idade. Os resultados mostram que tanto o acesso potencial quanto o efetivo são influenciados positivamente pela renda, pela escolaridade e pela cor da pele. Assim, com base nos resultados, pode- se dizer que o acesso à Justiça Estadual no Brasil é “elitizado”

Human monocytes tolerant to LPS retain the ability to phagocytose bacteria and generate reactive oxygen species

Tolerance to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) occurs when animals or cells exposed to LPS become hyporesponsive to a subsequent challenge with LPS. This mechanism is believed to be involved in the down-regulation of cellular responses observed in septic patients. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate LPS-induced monocyte tolerance of healthy volunteers using whole blood. The detection of intracellular IL-6, bacterial phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by flow cytometry, using anti-IL-6-PE, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus stained with propidium iodide and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, respectively. Monocytes were gated in whole blood by combining FSC and SSC parameters and CD14-positive staining. The exposure to increasing LPS concentrations resulted in lower intracellular concentration of IL-6 in monocytes after challenge. A similar effect was observed with challenge with MALP-2 (a Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/6 agonist) and killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus, but not with flagellin (a TLR5 agonist). LPS conditioning with 15 ng/mL resulted in a 40% reduction of IL-6 in monocytes. In contrast, phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus and induced ROS generation were preserved or increased in tolerant cells. The phenomenon of tolerance involves a complex regulation in which the production of IL-6 was diminished, whereas the bacterial phagocytosis and production of ROS was preserved. Decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and preserved or increased production of ROS may be an adaptation to control the deleterious effects of inflammation while preserving antimicrobial activity.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Divisão de Moléstias InfecciosasUNIFESP, EPM, Divisão de Moléstias InfecciosasFAPESP: 2006/58744-1SciEL

WCO-Lite: online world catalogue of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones): Version 1.0 — checklist of all valid nomina in Opiliones with authors and dates of publication up to 2018

This Version 1.0 of WCO-Lite contains a hierarchical arrangement of all 8707 valid nomina of taxa in the arachnid order Opiliones, with author and year of publication, including suborders, infraorders, superfamilies, families, subfamilies, genera, subgenera, species and subspecies. Literature survey is meant to be exhaustive up to December 2018, and after that, other works are included as available, but coverage is not necessarily complete. Therefore, some papers up to early 2020 found their way here, especially papers published in leading journals such as Zootaxa, or widely advertised on ResearchGate.Indisponível

CONHECIMENTO DE TÉCNICOS E AUXILIARES DE ENFERMAGEM SOBRE CUIDADOS COM CATETERES CENTRAIS EM UM HOSPITAL PEDIÁTRICO

Objetivo: identificar os conhecimentos de técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem acerca dos cuidados com a manutenção de cateteres venosos centrais de longa, média e curta permanência em crianças. Método: estudo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado de setembro a novembro de 2017, com amostra de 157 técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem das unidades de internação de uma instituição exclusivamente pediátrica do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Resultados: responderam que já haviam recebido orientações sobre cuidados de enfermagem com cateteres centrais 134 (85,3%) participantes, entretanto 92 (58%) colaboradores pontuaram que a seringa de 1 ml não deve ser utilizada no manuseio desses dispositivos, evidenciando que ainda ocorriam erros nos apontamentos quanto aos cuidados adequados com esses acessos. Conclusão: apesar de a equipe de enfermagem conhecer os cuidados com a manutenção de cateteres centrais, percebeu-se que ainda existiam dificuldades quanto aos cuidados primordiais com esses dispositivos intravenosos de grande relevância para a eficácia da terapia medicamentosa em pediatria. Descritores: Cuidados de enfermagem. Cateterismo venoso central. Administração intravenosa. Educação continuada

Lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cell surface receptors and cell activation of neutrophils and monocytes in whole human blood

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates neutrophils and monocytes, inducing a wide array of biological activities. LPS rough (R) and smooth (S) forms signal through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), but differ in their requirement for CD14. Since the R-form LPS can interact with TLR4 independent of CD14 and the differential expression of CD14 on neutrophils and monocytes, we used the S-form LPS from Salmonella abortus equi and the R-form LPS from Salmonella minnesota mutants to evaluate LPS-induced activation of human neutrophils and monocytes in whole blood from healthy volunteers. Expression of cell surface receptors and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) generation were measured by flow cytometry in whole blood monocytes and neutrophils. The oxidative burst was quantified by measuring the oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and the NO production was quantified by measuring the oxidation of 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate. A small increase of TLR4 expression by monocytes was observed after 6 h of LPS stimulation. Monocyte CD14 modulation by LPS was biphasic, with an initial 30% increase followed by a 40% decrease in expression after 6 h of incubation. Expression of CD11b was rapidly up-regulated, doubling after 5 min on monocytes, while down-regulation of CXCR2 was observed on neutrophils, reaching a 50% reduction after 6 h. LPS induced low production of ROS and NO. This study shows a complex LPS-induced cell surface receptor modulation on human monocytes and neutrophils, with up- and down-regulation depending on the receptor. R- and S-form LPS activate human neutrophils similarly, despite the low CD14 expression, if the stimulation occurs in whole blood.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de InfectologiaMax-Planck-Institute for ImmunobiologyUNIFESP, Disciplina de InfectologiaFAPESP: 2006/58744-1SciEL

Choosing not to know: accounts of non-engagement with pre-symptomatic testing for Machado-Joseph disease

This paper reports accounts from people at-risk for, or affected by, Machado-Joseph disease, and their family members, about their decisions not to seek pre-symptomatic testing, therefore remaining (for the time) uninformed about their genetic status. We draw on individual and family semi-structured interviews with participants recruited through a national patient’s association (n = 25). Qualitative thematic analysis revealed three main categories of accounts: (1) justifying the decision “not to know”, because either no clinical benefit was expected or predictive knowledge was anticipated as psychologically burdensome; (2) prioritizing everyday life, maintaining hope and the goal of living a valid life; and (3) the wish to know: ambivalence and conflict within the family. Findings suggest the value of genetic information is often questioned when no effective treatment or cure is available; and that people have different tolerance thresholds for predictive information, and this impacts individuals within the family differently. We discuss this in the context of the making of “responsible” decisions, and of the tensions that may arise within families between the best interests or wishes of a person and those of other family members. We hope this will clarify the reasoning of those who opt for non-engagement with medical genetic services and, more specifically, pre-symptomatic testing. Further, we hope it will be relevant for the provision of genetic counselling and psychosocial support to such families

STUDY OF CLAYEY SOIL REINFORCED WITH FINE CRUSHED POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET)

Currently a lot of bottles of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are discarded into the environment. In order to reduce the disposal of this polymer in nature, this study aims to evaluate the mechanical behavior of a clayey soil mixed with fine crushed PET. The potential use of this waste material in geotechnical applications may ultimately reduce the problem of improper disposal and improve the strength and deformation characteristics of the soil. This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate the mechanical behavior of pure soil and mixtures with different contents of PET waste by triaxial tests, in order to obtain the strength parameters of the Soil-PET mixtures. The clayey soil used was mixed with 10 and 20 percent of fine crushed PET by dry weight. Characterization tests such as grain size, Atterberg limits and compaction test were performed on the soil-PET mixtures. Triaxial tests at confining stresses of 50, 150 and 300 kPa were done on the soil and mixtures. The results show that the soil strength parameters are influenced by the addition of the fine crushed PET, thus improving characteristics such as friction angle and cohesion of the Soil-PET mixtures. This improvement also depends on the confining level which the samples were submitted. These mixtures may be used in pavement and other geotechnical works, so this paper proposes to contribute to a better understanding and interpretation of the behavior of reinforced soil with waste PET