Hierarquia dos tratados internacionais que versam sobre direito tributário

No abstract.O presente trabalho analisa os tratados internacionais em seu aspecto geral, bem como a sua incorporação ao sistema normativo interno no que tange aos tratados que versam sobre matéria tributária. Portanto, torna-se imprescindível analisar o histórico, conceito, classificação, princípios e demais aspectos das convenções internacionais, compreendendo as teorias que disciplinam as normas internacionais e normas internas como um ordenamento jurídico uno (teoria monista), ou como as leis internas e normas internacionais sendo duas ordens distintas (teoria dualista). A Constituição Federal de 1988 não prevê com clareza a hierarquia dos tratados internacionais de matéria tributária, portanto torna-se importante compreender os aspectos gerais e controversos no que refere à hierarquia dos acordos internacionais frente ao sistema normativo interno. Além do mais, disciplina o artigo 98 do Código Tributário Nacional acerca da primazia dos tratados internacionais em relação às leis internas, portanto discute-se a sua (in)constitucionalidade tendo em vista que a Constituição Federal de 1988 não atribuiu competência a lei complementar para disciplinar sobre hierarquia de tratados internacionais. Observase, portanto, uma divisão da doutrina sobre o referido tema, em que uma parte dos doutrinadores defende a constitucionalidade do mencionado artigo, bem como alguns defendem a sua inconstitucionalidade. A jurisprudência ao longo dos anos mudou seu entendimento acerca da relação privilegiada dos tratados internacionais em relação ao ordenamento jurídico pátrio, de modo que, atualmente, entende que o artigo 98 do CTN é constitucional, podendo ser aplicado em relação aos tratadoscontrato. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo estudar os principais aspectos no que concerne aos acordos internacionais, assim também como ao seu desenvolvimento ao longo dos anos, a sua importância no cenário internacional e o seu desenvolvimento no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA CLASSIFICAÇÃO ASA NOS DESFECHOS CIRÚRGICOS: UM ARTIGO DE REVISÃO

This article aims to carry out a review of the current medical literature on the relationship The classification of physical status made by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA classification) aims to categorize the surgical risk that the patient will be subject to according to his clinical status.  There are studies that associate the ASA classification with postoperative complications and morbidity and mortality, while others state that this parameter is not so adequate. This article aims to analyze other literature and define how to use the ASA classification to measure favorable surgical outcomes. To this end, the authors conducted a systematic review of studies indexed in the PubMed database, using descriptors related to the theme proposed in this study. The articles were carefully selected, aiming at the veracity and reliability of this work. The selected studies addressed both favorable and unfavorable characteristics of the ASA classification and its use. Thus, several studies have proven the effectiveness of the score and it can be used in conjunction with the collection of a good history. However, there are specific procedures that do not benefit as much from classification and, therefore, other tools to assist in the screening of high-risk patients can be used.A classificação do estado físico feita pela Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas (classificação ASA) visa categorizar o risco cirúrgico que o doente estará sujeito mediante seu estado clínico.  Há estudos que associam a classificação ASA com complicações pós-operatórias e morbimortalidade, enquanto outros afirmam que esse parâmetro não é tão adequado. O presente artigo busca analisar outras literaturas e definir como utilizar a classificação ASA para mensurar os desfechos cirúrgicos favoráveis. Para tanto, os autores realizaram uma revisão sistemática de trabalhos indexados na base de dados PubMed,  utilizando  descritores  relacionados  ao  tema  proposto  neste estudo.  Os  artigos foram  selecionados  de  forma  criteriosa,  almejando  a  veracidade  e  confiabilidade  deste trabalho. Os estudos selecionados abordaram tanto características favoráveis quanto desfavoráveis da classificação ASA e da sua utilização. Dessa forma, diversos estudos comprovaram a eficácia do escore e ele pode ser usado em conjunto com a coleta de uma boa história. Entretanto há procedimentos específicos que não se beneficiam tanto da classificação e, portanto, outras ferramentas de auxílio na triagem de pacientes de alto risco podem ser utilizadas.&nbsp

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Revisão sistematizada da literatura e opinião de peritos

Objective: The 3E (Evidence, Expertise, Exchange) Initiative is a multinational effort of rheumatologists aimed at developing evidence-based recommendations addressing specific questions relevant to clinical practice. The objective of the Portuguese contribution for the 3E Initiative was to develop evidence-based recommendations on how to investigate, follow-up and treat undifferentiated peripheral inflammatory arthritis (UPIA) adapted to local reality and develop additional recommendations considered relevant in the national context. Methods: An international scientific committee from 17 countries selected a set of questions concerning the diagnosis and monitoring of UPIA using a Delphi procedure. Evidence-based answers to each question were sought by a systematic literature search, performed in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and ACR/EULAR 2007-2009 meeting abstracts. Relevant articles were reviewed for quality assessment, data extraction and synthesis. In a national meeting, a panel of 63 Portuguese rheumatologists used the evidence which was gathered to develop recommendations, and filled the gaps in the evidence with their expert opinion. Finally, national recommendations were formulated and agreement among the participants was assessed. Results: A total of 54754 references were identified, of which 267 were systematically reviewed. Thirteen national key recommendations about the investigation, follow-up and treatment of UPIA were formulated. One recommendation addressed differential diagnosis and investigations prior to the established operational diagnosis of UPIA, eight recommendations were related to the diagnostic and prognostic value of clinical and laboratory assessments in established UPIA (history and physical examination, acute phase reactants, serologies, autoantibodies, radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound, genetic markers and synovial biopsy), one recommendation highlighted predictors of persistence (chronicity), one addressed monitoring of clinical disease activity in UPIA, one aimed to find an useful method/score to predict a definitive diagnosis and the last one was related to treatment. Conclusion: Portuguese evidence-based recommendations for the management of UPIA in everyday practice were developed. Their dissemination and implementation in daily clinical practice should help to improve practice uniformity and optimize the management of UPIA patients.publishersversionpublishe

O Protagonismo Infantojuvenil nos Processos Educomunicativos

Neste volume “O protagonismo infantojuvenil nos processos educomunicativos”, reunimos 53 artigos que transitam sobre a temática do protagonismo infantojuvenil em diversas experiências e processos educomunicativos e para facilitar sua leitura e busca por temas de seu interesse, eles estão organizados em 8 capítulos que abordam a educomunicação a partir do fazer das crianças e da apropriação da produção midiática. Expressão artística, rádio, vídeo, jornalismo, cultura digital, redes sociais entre outros são os temas abordados pelos autores destes trabalhos. convidamos o leitor a mergulhar nesta jornada educomunicativa, vivendo e revivendo junto conosco essas experiências vividas por outros, refletindo em cada texto sobre como estamos, como evoluímos e como seguimos os passos daqueles que com sua ousadia, amor e luta elaboraram os fundamentos da educomunicação

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data