Inserção do Egresso de Cursos à Distância no Mercado de Trabalho: um Estudo Voltado para a Licenciatura em Matemática

A discussão sobre a Educação a Distância vem ganhando espaço cada vez maior no Brasil, notadamente nos últimos anos. Diante do considerável aumento do número de alunos matriculados em cursos a distância, faz-se mister compreender como se dá a inserção desses alunos no mercado de trabalho após sua formação. Destarte, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a inserção de egressos da Licenciatura em Matemática no mercado de trabalho por meio de um estudo descritivo e de campo, realizado junto a alunos graduados pela Universidade Federal da Paraíba na modalidade a distância, bem como com gestores de escolas particulares do Estado. A pesquisa revelou que a maior parte dos egressos do curso já atuava no mercado de trabalho antes mesmo de sua formação. Os gestores escolares ressaltaram a importância da Educação a Distância, sobretudo nas regiões onde não há universidades instaladas, e a maior parte deles não considera o egresso de cursos a distância menos capacitado para atuar nas escolas. Palavras-chave: Educação a Distância, Mercado de trabalho, Licenciatura, Matemática.   Insertion of Graduates of Distance Learning Courses in the Labor Market: a Study Focused the Degree in Mathematics AbstractThe discussion on distance education has been increasingly in Brazil, particularly in recent years. Owing to the considerable increase in the number of students enrolled in distance courses, it is mister to understand how is the insertion of these students in the labor market, after their graduation. Thus, this research had as objective to investigate the insertion of graduates in Mathematics in the labor market, through a descriptive and field study, carried out among the students graduated from the Federal University of Paraiba in the distance modality, as well as with managers of private schools of the State. The research revealed that most of the students of course was already working in the labor market, even before their graduation. The school managers highlighted the importance of distance education, especially in regions where there are no universities installed and most of them do not consider the egress of distance courses less qualified to act in schools. Keywords: Distance education, Labor market, Graduation, Mathematics. A discussão sobre a Educação a Distância vem ganhando espaço cada vez maior no Brasil, notadamente nos últimos anos. Diante do considerável aumento do número de alunos matriculados em cursos a distância, faz-se mister compreender como se dá a inserção desses alunos no mercado de trabalho após sua formação. Destarte, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a inserção de egressos da Licenciatura em Matemática no mercado de trabalho por meio de um estudo descritivo e de campo, realizado junto a alunos graduados pela Universidade Federal da Paraíba na modalidade a distância, bem como com gestores de escolas particulares do Estado. A pesquisa revelou que a maior parte dos egressos do curso já atuava no mercado de trabalho antes mesmo de sua formação. Os gestores escolares ressaltaram a importância da Educação a Distância, sobretudo nas regiões onde não há universidades instaladas, e a maior parte deles não considera o egresso de cursos a distância menos capacitado para atuar nas escolas.Palavras-chave: Educação a Distância, Mercado de trabalho, Licenciatura, Matemática. Insertion of Graduates of Distance Learning Courses in the Labor Market: a Study Focused the Degree in Mathematics AbstractThe discussion on distance education has been increasingly in Brazil, particularly in recent years. Owing to the considerable increase in the number of students enrolled in distance courses, it is mister to understand how is the insertion of these students in the labor market, after their graduation. Thus, this research had as objective to investigate the insertion of graduates in Mathematics in the labor market, through a descriptive and field study, carried out among the students graduated from the Federal University of Paraiba in the distance modality, as well as with managers of private schools of the State. The research revealed that most of the students of course was already working in the labor market, even before their graduation. The school managers highlighted the importance of distance education, especially in regions where there are no universities installed and most of them do not consider the egress of distance courses less qualified to act in schools.Keywords: Distance education, Labor market, Graduation, Mathematics

ESTUDO FITOQUÍMICO E POTENCIAL ANTIBACTERIANO DO LÁTEX DE Himatanthus drasticus (MART.) PLUMEL

Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel, popularly known as janaguba, is a latex medicinal plant widely used in the region of Cariri (CE) and used as an alternative source for the treatment of numerous diseases. The objective of the present work was to test the antibacterial and modulatory potential of the latex in natura (LIHD) and ethyl acetate extract of H. drasticus latex (EAEHD) alone and in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics (amikacin and gentamicin) against standard and multiresistant strains, following the method of microdilution in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. In the evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results were obtained ≥ 1024 μg / mL against the standard strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae for both LIHD and EAEHD. The natural products presented synergism in the activity of the aminoglycosides to strains of multiresistant bacteria Escherichia coli (EC 27), Staphylococcus aureus (SA 358) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP 10031), however they presented antagonism to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA 03). In the quantification of phenols, LIHD had 62.6 mg / g and EAEHD 51.8 mg / g gallic acid / g extract, and for total flavonoids, LIHD had 16.5 and EAEHD had 13.4 mg / g of flavonoids. Further research is needed for a possible use of these natural products combined with antimicrobials tested (aminoglycosides) against pathogenic strains. Through the results it was concluded that the natural products represent promising sources in the fight against bacterial resistance.Keywords: Aminoglycosides; Antimicrobian activity; Inhibitory Minimum Concentration; Himatanthus drasticus.Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel, conhecida popularmente como janaguba, é uma espécie medicinal produtora de látex bastante utilizado na região do Cariri (CE) e empregada como fonte alternativa para o tratamento de inúmeras enfermidades. O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo testar o potencial antibacteriano e modulador do látex in natura (LIHD) e do extrato acetato de etila do látex de H. drasticus (EAEHD) isoladamente e em associação com antibióticos aminoglicosideos (amicacina e gentamicina), frente às cepas bacterianas padrão e multirresistentes, seguindo o método de microdiluição em caldo Brain Heart Infusion (BHI). Na avaliação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foram obtidos resultados ≥ 1024µg/mL frente às cepas padrão de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Klebsiella pneumoniae tanto para LIHD, quanto para o EAEHD. Os produtos naturais apresentaram sinergismo na atividade dos aminoglicosídeos perante cepas de bactérias multirresistentes Escherichia coli (EC 27), Staphylococcus aureus (SA 358) e Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP 10031), entretanto apresentaram antagonismo perante Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA 03). Na quantificação de fenóis o LIHD possui 62,6 mg/g e o EAEHD 51,8 mg/g de ácido gálico/g de extrato, e para flavanóides totais o LIHD apresentou 16,5 e o EAEHD 13,4 mg/g de flavanóides. Mais pesquisas são necessárias para uma possível utilização desses produtos naturais combinados aos antimicrobianos testados (aminoglicosídeos) frente às linhagens patogênicas. Através dos resultados concluiu-se que os produtos naturais representam fontes promissoras no combate à resistência bacteriana.Palavras chave: Aminoglicosídeos, Atividade antimicrobiana, Concentração Inibitória Mínima, Himatanthus drasticus

Brazilian recommendations on the safety and effectiveness of the yellow fever vaccination in patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases

Background: In Brazil, we are facing an alarming epidemic scenario of Yellow fever (YF), which is reaching the most populous areas of the country in unvaccinated people. Vaccination is the only effective tool to prevent YF. In special situations, such as patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (CIMID), undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, as a higher risk of severe adverse events may occur, assessment of the risk-benefit ratio of the yellow fever vaccine (YFV) should be performed on an individual level. Main body of the abstract: Faced with the scarcity of specific orientation on YFV for this special group of patients, the Brazilian Rheumatology Society (BRS) endorsed a project aiming the development of individualized YFV recommendations for patients with CIMID, guided by questions addressed by both medical professionals and patients, followed an internationally validated methodology (GIN-McMaster Guideline Development). Firstly, a systematic review was carried out and an expert panel formed to take part of the decision process, comprising BRS clinical practitioners, as well as individuals from the Brazilian Dermatology Society (BDS), Brazilian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Study Group (GEDIIB), and specialists on infectious diseases and vaccination (from Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunizations National Societies); in addition, two representatives of patient groups were included as members of the panel. When the quality of the evidence was low or there was a lack of evidence to determine the recommendations, the decisions were based on the expert opinion panel and a Delphi approach was performed. A recommendation was accepted upon achieving ≥80% agreement among the panel, including the patient representatives. As a result, eight recommendations were developed regarding the safety of YFV in patients with CIMID, considering the immunosuppression degree conferred by the treatment used. It was not possible to establish recommendations on the effectiveness of YFV in these patients as there is no consistent evidence to support these recommendations. Conclusion: This paper approaches a real need, assessed by clinicians and patient care groups, to address specific questions on the management of YFV in patients with CIMID living or traveling to YF endemic areas, involving specialists from many areas together with patients, and might have global applicability, contributing to and supporting vaccination practices. We recommended a shared decision-making approach on taking or not the YFV

Third brazilian consensus for autoantIbodies screening in HEp-2 Cells : historical perspectve, quality control and clinical associatons

O III Consenso Brasileiro para Pesquisa de Autoanticorpos em Células HEp-2 (FAN) objetivou discutir estratégias para controlar a qualidade do ensaio, promover a atualização das associações clínicas dos diversos padrões e avaliar as difculdades de implantação do II Consenso ocorrido no ano de 2002. Métodos: Nos dias 13 e 14 de abril de 2007 participaram do encontro em Goiânia pesquisadores e especialistas de diversos centros universitários e laboratórios clínicos de diferentes regiões do Brasil, com o propósito de discutir e aprovar as recomendações que visam a melhores padronização, interpretação e utilização do ensaio pelos clínicos. Foram convidados como ouvintes representantes comerciais de diferentes empresas produtoras de insumos para realização do teste de FAN. Resultados e conclusão: Dada a heterogeneidade de microscópios e reagentes disponíveis no mercado, o III Consenso enfatizou a necessidade do controle de qualidade em ensaios de imunofuorescência indireta. Foram também feitas algumas adequações na terminologia utilizada para classifcar os diferentes padrões. Finalmente, foi realizada uma atualização das associações clínicas com fnalidade de facilitar cada vez mais o melhor uso do ensaio pelos clínicos. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe Third Brazilian Consensus for Autoantibodies Screening in HEp-2 Cells (ANA) had as purpose the evaluation of diffculties in the accomplishment of the 2nd Consensus recommendations that took place in the year of 2002, the discussion of strategies for quality control of the assay and the discussion of an update of the clinical associations of the several immunofuorescent patterns. Methods: Several ANA experts from university centers and private laboratories in different areas in Brazil joined the workshop in Goiânia on 2007 April 13 and 14 with the purpose of discussing and approving the recommendations for standardization, interpretation and use of the test by physicians. Commercial representatives of different ANA slide brands were also invited as listeners to the workshop. Results and conclusion: The 3rd ANA Consensus emphasized the need for quality control in indirect immunofuorescent assays since there is a considerable heterogeneity of available microscopes and reagents. It also promoted adaptations in the previously approved terminology used to classify the different patterns and fnally updated the clinical associations of the several patterns with the purpose of providing guidance for interpretation of the assay by clinical pathologists and assistant physicians

Third Brazilian consensus for autoantibodies screening in HEp-2 cells (ANA) : recommendations for standardization of autoantibodies screening trial in HEp-2 cells, quality control and clinical associations

Objetivo: O 3º Consenso Brasileiro para pesquisa de autoanticorpos em Células HEp-2 (FAN) teve como propósito avaliar as dificuldades de implantação do 2º Consenso ocorrido no ano de 2002, discutir estratégias para controlar a qualidade do ensaio e promover a atualização das associações clínicas dos diversos padrões. Métodos: Participaram do encontro em Goiânia nos dias 13 e 14 de abril de 2008 pesquisadores e especialistas de diversos centros universitários e laboratórios clínicos de diferentes regiões do Brasil, com o propósito de discutir e aprovar as recomendações que visam à melhor padronização, interpretação e utilização do ensaio pelos clínicos. Representantes comerciais de diferentes empresas produtoras de insumos para realização do teste de FAN foram convidados como ouvintes. Resultados e Conclusões: O 3º Consenso enfatizou a necessidade do controle de qualidade em imunofluorescência dada a heterogeneidade de microscópios e reagentes disponíveis no mercado, promoveu adequações na terminologia utilizada para classificar os diferentes padrões e, finalmente, atualizou as associações clínicas com finalidade de facilitar cada vez mais o melhor uso do ensaio pelos clínicos. ________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTObjective: The Third Brazilian Consensus for autoantibodies Screening in HEp-2 cells had as purpose the evaluation of difficulties in the accomplishment of the 2nd Consensus recommendations that took place in the year of 2002, the discussion of strategies for quality control of the assay and the promotion of an update of the clinical associations of the several immunofluorescent patterns. Methods: Several ANA experts from university centers and private laboratories in different areas in Brazil joined the workshop in Goiânia on 2008 April 13 and 14 with the purpose of discussing and approving the recommendations for standardization, interpretation and use of the test by physicians. Commercial representatives of different ANA slide brands were also invited as listeners to the workshop. Results and Conclusions: The 3rd Consensus emphasized the need for quality control in indirect immunofluorescent since there is a considerable heterogeneity of available microscopes and reagents. It also promoted adaptations in the previously approved terminology used to classify the different patterns and finally updated the clinical associations of the several patterns with the purpose of providing guidance for interpretation of the assay by clinical pathologists and assistant physicians

Definições para a padronização da pesquisa de auto-anticorpos contra constituintes do núcleo (FAN HEp-2), nucléolo, citoplasma e aparelho mitótico e suas associações clínicas

OBJECTIVE: The Second Brazilian Consensus on Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) in HEp-2 Cells approved and extended the decision trees developed during the First Brazilian Consensus in order to also offer information about mixed patterns of fluorescence. METHODS: Since this test elicits reactions not only to nuclear autoimmune antigens but also to different cell compartments, new denominations for the test were approved. Results and CONCLUSIONS: These new denominations encompass variations on the autoantibody testing against the nucleus (ANA HEp-2), nucleolus, cytoplasm, and mitotic apparatus issue. Furthermore, major clinical associations were described for each immunofluorescent pattern, facilitating the interpretation of laboratory results in the clinical practice.OBJETIVO: O Segundo Consenso Brasileiro de Fator Antinuclear (FAN) em Células HEp-2 ratificou os algoritmos de decisão para leitura dos padrões do FAN na imunofluorescência indireta vistos na primeira edição do Consenso Brasileiro, adicionando ainda um novo algoritmo relacionado com os padrões mistos. MÉTODOS: Tendo em vista a habilidade do teste em detectar autoantígenos nos distintos compartimentos celulares, e não apenas no núcleo, propõe-se novas denominações para este exame laboratorial. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Como novas denominações algumas sugestões foram igualmente aceitas, dentro do tema pesquisa de auto-anticorpos contra constituintes do núcleo (FAN HEp-2), nucléolo, citoplasma e aparelho mitótico. Foram abordadas as principais relevâncias clínicas com os padrões de FAN descritos, facilitando o melhor uso do ensaio pelo médico.FMUSPUNIFESPBio-Rad Laboratório BrasilHospital Geral de GoiâniaBiomédicaUniversidade Federal de UberlândiaUFMG HCPUCRS HCNew Life Produtos HospitalaresUniversidade Católica de GoiásFMUSP HC Laboratório CentralPatologista ClínicaFMUSP HCFrischmann Aisengart Unidad InmunologíaUniversidade Católica de Goiás Laboratório de Auto-ImunidadeExame Medicina LaboratorialFMUFG HC Laboratório de Imuno-Reumatologia e HLALab. Santa LuziaMedivax/BionHSPE/SPUniversidade Católica de Goiás Laboratório da Área de SaúdeFarmacêutica-BioquímicaUniv. Fed. Mato GrossoFMUFG Serviço de ReumatologiaHospital Durand Unidad InmunologíaLaboratório ClínicoUFRGS HCPA Serviço de ReumatologiaUERJ FCMUFMG FMHospital Universitário de Brasília Laboratório de ReumatologiaUNIFESPSciEL

Lidar Observations in South America. Part I - Mesosphere and Stratosphere

South America covers a large area of the globe and plays a fundamental function in its climate change, geographical features, and natural resources. However, it still is a developing area, and natural resource management and energy production are far from a sustainable framework, impacting the air quality of the area and needs much improvement in monitoring. There are significant activities regarding laser remote sensing of the atmosphere at different levels for different purposes. Among these activities, we can mention the mesospheric probing of sodium measurements and stratospheric monitoring of ozone, and the study of wind and gravity waves. Some of these activities are long-lasting and count on the support from the Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET). We intend to pinpoint the most significant scientific achievements and show the potential of carrying out remote sensing activities in the continent and show its correlations with other earth science connections and synergies. In Part I of this chapter, we will present an overview and significant results of lidar observations in the mesosphere and stratosphere. Part II will be dedicated to tropospheric observations

Lidar Observations in South America. Part II - Troposphere

In Part II of this chapter, we intend to show the significant advances and results concerning aerosols’ tropospheric monitoring in South America. The tropospheric lidar monitoring is also supported by the Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET). It is concerned about aerosols originating from urban pollution, biomass burning, desert dust, sea spray, and other primary sources. Cloud studies and their impact on radiative transfer using tropospheric lidar measurements are also presented

High levels of immunosuppression are related to unfavourable outcomes in hospitalised patients with rheumatic diseases and COVID-19 : first results of ReumaCoV Brasil registry

Objectives To evaluate risk factors associated with unfavourable outcomes: emergency care, hospitalisation, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation and death in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) and COVID-19. Methods Analysis of the first 8 weeks of observational multicentre prospective cohort study (ReumaCoV Brasil register). Patients with IMRD and COVID-19 according to the Ministry of Health criteria were classified as eligible for the study. Results 334 participants were enrolled, a majority of them women, with a median age of 45 years; systemic lupus erythematosus (32.9%) was the most frequent IMRD. Emergency care was required in 160 patients, 33.0% were hospitalised, 15.0% were admitted to the ICU and 10.5% underwent mechanical ventilation; 28 patients (8.4%) died. In the multivariate adjustment model for emergency care, diabetes (prevalence ratio, PR 1.38; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.73; p=0.004), kidney disease (PR 1.36; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.77; p=0.020), oral glucocorticoids (GC) (PR 1.49; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.85; p50 years (PR 1.89; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.85; p=0.002), no use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) (PR 2.51;95% CI 1.16 to 5.45; p=0.004) and methylprednisolone pulse therapy (PR 2.50; 95% CI 1.59 to 3.92; p<0.001); for ICU admission, oral GC (PR 2.24; 95% CI 1.36 to 3.71; p<0.001) and pulse therapy with methylprednisolone (PR 1.65; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.68; p<0.043); the two variables associated with death were pulse therapy with methylprednisolone or cyclophosphamide (PR 2.86; 95% CI 1.59 to 5.14; p<0.018). Conclusions Age >50 years and immunosuppression with GC and cyclophosphamide were associated with unfavourable outcomes of COVID-19. Treatment with TNFi may have been protective, perhaps leading to the COVID-19 inflammatory process