Birth and early evolution of a planetary nebula

The final expulsion of gas by a star as it forms a planetary nebula --- the ionized shell of gas often observed surrounding a young white dwarf --- is one of the most poorly understood stages of stellar evolution. Such nebulae form extremely rapidly (about 100 years for the ionization) and so the formation process is inherently difficult to observe. Particularly puzzling is how a spherical star can produce a highly asymmetric nebula with collimated outflows. Here we report optical observations of the Stingray Nebula which has become an ionized planetary nebula within the past few decades. We find that the collimated outflows are already evident, and we have identified the nebular structure that focuses the outflows. We have also found a companion star, reinforcing previous suspicions that binary companions play an important role in shaping planetary nebulae and changing the direction of successive outflows.Comment: 9 pages + 3 figures. To appear in Nature, 2 April 199

Bias Gender Dalam Novel Bumi Manusia Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer: Kajian Feminisme

The purposes of this study were to (1) describe drifting off gender that is looked in women figurates in Bumi Manusia novel of Pramoedya Ananta Toer. This observation data is a quotation or a sentence that expert in drifting off gender, espesially is houched with woman figure that is found in Bumi Manusia novel. The source of data in this observation is Bumi Manusia novel of Pramoedya Ananta Toer, that created by Lentera Dipantara on 2010. The data is collected according to describtive with such steps: reading, indicating, noting down, and to investigate the data. The analysis of data is done, with such steps: describing, analyzing, interpreting, and concluding the result of the observasion. Invention of the observation is first, the women figure in Bumi Manusia novel is formed of main figure and close figure. Second, to drift off gender that is realized by woman figure exist of marginalisation, subordination, stereotype, hardness, and double burden work

Supererogation and the Limits of Moral Obligations. Guest Editor’s Preface

Do moral obligations include all the good that can be possibly achieved? Does every instance of the good always entail obligatory performance? Supererogation is a moral concept that tries to address this claim, by pointing out the existence of a category of morally relevant good acts that go beyond the call of duty. Paradigmatic examples of this category of acts are represented by deeds of heroism and sanctity, where the agent is sacrificing herself in order to benefit the others in an exemplary way. However, supererogation is not limited to extreme and utmost cases of generosity, but it has much to do with our everyday life. From a moral point of view, making a small donation to the local children‘s hospital is considered to be morally good, but optional

The Diamond, May 17, 1962

Sophomores Announce Plans; Commencement Set May 26; De Boer Accepts Appointment to Calvin; Dordt Participates in Speech Festival; Editorial; Biology Instructor Receives Scholarship; Science and Math Instructors Attend Academy of Science; Spectrum; Spring Drive Progresses; Dordt Sponsors Music Festival; Spring Banquet Held Friday Evening; Portrait of a President: B{uilding} J. Haanhttps://digitalcollections.dordt.edu/dordt_diamond/1719/thumbnail.jp

ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA DALAM NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA

OKTAVIANA, NUR RIZQI AYU. 2020. “Analisis Semiotika Pada Novel Bumi Manusia Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Di SMA”. Skripsi program studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Pancasakti Tegal. Pembimbing I: Dra. Sri Mulyati, M.Pd. Pembimbing II: Agus Riyanto, MPd. Kata Kunci : Aspek semiotik, Novel, Pembelajaran sastra Perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah : 1). bagaimana aspek dan bentuk semiotik yang terdapat dalam novel Bumi Manusia karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. 2). Bagaimana implikasi terhadap pembelajaran semiotik novel Bumi Manusia di SMA. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk : 1). Mendeskripsikan aspek dan bentuk semiotik dalam novel Bumi Manusia karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. 2). Mendeskripsikan implikasi hasil penelitian bagi pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan semiotik dan metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, yaitu menganalisis data kemudian mendeskripsikannya secara verbal. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah novel Bumi Manusia karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer tahun terbit 2011, sedangkan wujud datanya berupa kutipan kalimat yang mengandung aspek semiotik. Penyediaan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik baca dan catat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan teori milik Charles Sanders Pierce. Penyajian hasil analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penyajian analisis data secara informal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada tiga aspek semiotik yang terdapat dalam novel Bumi Manusia karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer yaitu indeks, ikon dan simbol. Indeks 30 data meliputi 1) penggambaran tokoh (15 data), 2) penggambaran latar (15 data). Sedangkan ikon 3 data meliputi (ikon foto 1 data, ikon gambar 2 data) Dan yang terakhir adalah simbol 7 data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian novel Bumi Manusia dapat diimplikasikan pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMA. Akan tetapi hendaknya perlu diperhatikan dalam memasukan materi terhadap peserta didik terutama materi tentang sastra. Novel ini dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pembelajaran bahasa satra indonesia di SMA karena di dalamnya terdapat nilai moral serta unsur intrinsik yang berhubungan dengan realita sosial. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukanpenulis disarankan agar guru memberikan kontribusi bagi ilmu pengetahuan dan ilmu pendidikan bahasa Indonesia. Bagi siswa, penulis sarankan dapat mengambil pelajaran dari sisi dan isi keseluruhan novel yang berkaitan dengan aspek semiotik

STUDI TEKS DAN PUSTAKA: ANAK SEMUA BANGSA KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER, ROMAN KAYA PENGETAHUAN (INSPIRATIF) SEJARAH

ABSTRAKPada terbitan perdana Historia Vitae, saya telah menulis kandungan pengetahuan sejarah dalam Bumi Manusia, roman pertama dalam Tetralogi Buru karya Pramudya Ananta Toer. Masih dari Tetralogi Buru Pram, kini saya berusaha menyajikan hal yang sama mengenai roman kedua, Anak Semua Bangsa. Roman kedua ini juga terkenal dan telah diterbitkan di banyak negara. Untuk mengetahui kandungan sejarahnya, saya secara seksama membaca dan memeriksa narasi-narasi teks, menilai kredibilitas isinya berdasarkan sejumlah pustaka sejarah. Hasilnya, seperti pada Bumi Manusia, Pram sangat piawai merangkai pengetahuan sejarahnya yang luas dan memaknainya dalam konteks Indonesia pada peralihan abad ke-19/20. Penggalan-penggalan sejarah pada roman Anak Semua Bangsa tidak terbatas tentang Indonesia, tetapi semua sangat kontekstual untuk cita-cita kebaruan bangsa Indonesia saat itu. Sebagai kelanjutan Bumi Manusia, Anak Semua Bangsa mengangkat isu sifat jahat kolonialisme, kapitalisme, dan feodalisme, serta tumbuhnya benih-benih kesadaran kebangsaan kaum terpelajar seperti yang diperankan oleh tokoh imajinatif Minke. Kata kunci : Kolonialisme, Kapitalisme, Feodalisme, Nasionalisme, Hindia       ABSTRACTIn the inaugural issue of Historia Vitae, I have written knowledge of the history of Earth of Mankind, the first novel in Pramudya Ananta Toer's Buru Tetralogy. Still from the Buru Pram Tetralogy, now I try to present the same thing about the second novel, Children of All Nations. This second novel is also famous and has been published in many countries. To find out the historical content, I carefully read and read the text narratives, based on historical history. As a result, as in Bumi Manusia, Pram is very good at assembling his vast historical knowledge and interpreting it in the context of Indonesia in the 19/20th century. Historical fragments in the novel Anak All Nations are not limited to Indonesia, but are all very contextual for the new ideals of the Indonesian nation at that time. As a continuation of Bumi Manusia, Anak All Nations raises the evil issue of colonialism, capitalism, and feudalism, as well as cultivates the seeds of national consciousness among educated people as played by the imaginative character Minke. Keywords: Colonialism, Capitalism, Feudalism, Nationalism, Hindia

NILAI-NILAI MORAL DALAM FILM BUMI MANUSIA YANG DISUTRADARAI OLEH HANUNG BRAMANTYO

Permasalahan pada penelitian ini yang utama yaitu sarana yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan kebajikan dalam film Bumi Manusia yang dikoordinir oleh Hanung Bramantyo. Kajian ini berencana menggambarkan etika dalam film Bumi Manusia untuk mencapai tujuan ideal penyampaian laporan yang tepat dan dapat bermanfaat secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian deskriptif direncanakan untuk menggambarkan apa yang sedang terjadi kemudian penelitian kualitatif mendapatkan apa yang mampu dilakukan oleh subjek penelitian, misalnya tingkah laku, sudut pandang, inspirasi, aktivitas, dan sebagainya. Data pada penelitian ini adalah etika yang terkandung dalam film Bumi Manusia, khususnya 1) jujur, 2) menjadi diri sendiri, 3) tanggung jawab 4) mandiri, 5) keberanian moral, dan 6) kerendahan hati dan, 7) kritis. Dengan metode pengumpulan data, untuk lebih spesifik mencari informasi standar kemudian,, mengamati, mencatat, mengumpulkan informasi dan kemudian menganalisa data yang mengandung etika. Hasil penelitiaannya menandakan bahwa dalam pandangan metodologi yang digunakan oleh ilmuwan. Kata Kunci: Nilai Moral, moral, film

Supererogatory Spandrels

Standing in San Marco Cathedral in Venice, you immediately notice the exquisitely decorated spandrels: the triangular spaces bounded on either side by adjoining arches and by the dome above. You would be forgiven for seeing them as the starting point from which to understand the surrounding architecture. To do so would, however, be a mistake. It is a similar mistaken inference that evolutionary biologists have been accused of making in assuming a special adaptive purpose for such biological features as fingerprints and chins. I argue that a mistake of just this sort is being made by ethicists who appeal to the intrinsic value of supererogatory acts in their efforts to make space for supererogation in ethical theory. Many cases of supererogatory action are simply spandrels: by-products of uncontroversial commitments elsewhere in our moral thought. This is not to downplay their value but rather to show that their value need not be the justification for making room for the supererogatory. I demonstrate this by examining two areas: rights and the distribution of burdens among a group. My argument has significance for those who take themselves to be defends of the possibility of supererogatory actions, as well as those who are committed to the contrary and those who believe themselves to be indifferent on the matter

Recent Development: Franklin Mint Corporation v. Trans World Airlines Inc.: Limiting Air Carrier Liability Under the Warsaw Convention

This article describes the facts of the 1984 Franklin Mint v. Trans World Airlines court case, providing the relevant background to the case. It also reviews the district court, circuit court, and Supreme Court opinions, with particular attention and analysis given to the Supreme Court opinion, and highlights the significant implications of the case