Criminal Justice in Provincial England, France and Netherlands, c. 1880-1905 : some Comparative Perspectives

The article presents the findings of a comparative study of criminal justice in three provincial towns (Ipswich, Caen and Maastricht), c. 1880-1905. It identifies and analyses varying patterns in the judicial treatment of a selected number of medium-range crimes (common property crimes, minor violent crimes) and low-ranking offences (e. ., public drunkenness). The comparative perspective allows us to reveal perspectives that are usually under-exposed and gain a better insight into three wider questions : (i) the relationship between criminal justice and the development of the modern state ; (ii) the rationalisation of government and (iii) the cultural meaning of criminal justice. The purpose of the article is to suggest further lines of enquiry, especially in relation to the ideology of « British justice », the view of French criminal justice as controlled rather than controlling, the relationship between rationalisation and bureaucratisation in the sphere of criminal justice, and the symbolical role of criminal justice for the nation-state.Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche comparative portant sur trois villes de province (Ipswich, Caen et Maastricht) vers 1880-1905. Il identifie et analyse différents modèles de traitement judiciaire d'un certain nombre d'infractions de gravité moyenne (délinquance banale contre les biens, petites violences) ou faible (par ex. l'ivresse publique). La démarche comparative permet de mettre en lumière des aspects généralement peu apparents et de mieux comprendre trois questions plus générales : (i) la relation entre la justice pénale et le développement de l'État moderne ; (ii) la rationalisation de l'activité gouvernementale ; (iii) la signification culturelle de la justice pénale. L'article a pour objectif d'indiquer d'autres pistes d'investigation, en particulier à propos de l'idéologie de la « justice britannique », de la vision d'une justice française contrôlée plutôt que contrôlant, de la relation entre la rationalisation et la bureaucratisation de la sphère de la justice pénale et le rôle symbolique de cette dernière dans l'État-nation

Rouet, Gilles, Justice et justiciables aux XIXe et XXe siècles

French social historians have only fairly recently started to uncover the manifold ways in which ordinary people resorted to the civil law in the nineteenth century. In a recent essay, Jean-Claude Farcy described a rich tradition of popular recourse to the juge de paix (justice of the peace). In this publication Gilles Rouet summarises much of what is currently known about how civil justice was experienced, using quantifiable sources (mostly statistical materials). The author reviews the exis..

Two-dimensional honeycomb-kagome V2O3: a robust room-temperature magnetic Chern insulator interfaced with graphene

The possibility of dissipationless chiral edge states without the need of an external magnetic field in the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) offers a great potential in electronic/spintronic applications. The biggest hurdle for the realization of a room-temperature magnetic Chern insulator is to find a structurally stable material with a sufficiently large energy gap and Curie temperature that can be easily implemented in electronic devices. This work based on first-principle methods shows that a single atomic layer of V2O3 with honeycomb-kagome (HK) lattice is structurally stable with a spin-polarized Dirac cone which gives rise to a room-temperature QAHE by the existence of an atomic on-site spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Moreover, by a strain and substrate study, it was found that the quantum anomalous Hall system is robust against small deformations and can be supported by a graphene substrate.Comment: Accepted at NPJ 2D Materials & Application

Two dimensional V2O3 and its experimental feasibility as robust room-temperature magnetic Chern insulator

The possibility of dissipationless chiral edge states without the need of an external magnetic field in the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) offers a great potential in electronic/spintronic applications. The biggest hurdle for the realization of a room-temperature magnetic Chern insulator is to find a structurally stable material with a sufficiently large energy gap and Curie temperature that can be easily implemented in electronic devices. This work based on first-principle methods shows that a single atomic layer of V2O3 with honeycomb–kagome (HK) lattice is structurally stable with a spin-polarized Dirac cone which gives rise to a room-temperature QAHE by the existence of an atomic on-site spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Moreover, by a strain and substrate study, it was found that the quantum anomalous Hall system is robust against small deformations and can be supported by a graphene substrate.status: publishe

Stability of different mesoporous silica particles during an in vitro digestion

Mesoporous silica materials have the ability to entrap drugs, nutrients and functional biomolecules and can be able to act as smart delivery systems capable to control and target the release of their cargo in a particular part of the gastrointestinal tract when administrated orally. However, the aptness of these encapsulation supports in in vivo oral controlled release relies on their chemical stability through the digestive tube. In this context, we have evaluated the stability of four different mesoporous silica particles, frequently used as encapsulating supports, during an in vitro digestion process comprising buccal, stomach and intestinal phases. Results showed that after 4 h of digestion, the textural properties of silica supports in the form of nanoparticles (MCM-41 and UVM-7 nanoparticles) were lost in varying degrees, whereas silica microparticles supports (MCM-41 and SBA-15 microparticles) endures better the digestion process. Moreover, the functionalization of the surface with N-1-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine, an organic moiety commonly used in the preparation of pH-responsive mesoporous silica particles, resulted in an improvement of the stability of the supports. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Projects AGL2012-39597-C02-01, AGL2012-39597-C02-02 and MAT2012-38429-C04-01 and MAT2012-38429-C04-03), Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2009/016) and FEDER founding. E.P. and M.R are grateful to the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion for their grants (AP2008-00620, AP2010-4369). Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV is also acknowledged.Pérez-Esteve, É.; Ruiz Rico, M.; Torre, CDL.; Llorca Martínez, ME.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Amoros Del Toro, PJ.... (2016). Stability of different mesoporous silica particles during an in vitro digestion. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 230:196-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.05.004S19620723

Cu and Fe oxides dispersed on SBA-15:a Fenton type bimetallic catalyst for N,N-diethyl-p-phenyl diamine degradation

A bimetallic oxidation catalyst has been synthesized via wet impregnation of copper and iron over a mesoporous SBA-15 silica support. Physicochemical properties of the resulting material were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, DRUVS, FTIR, Raman, SEM and HRTEM, revealing the structural integrity of the parent SBA-15, and presence of highly dispersed Cu and Fe species present as CuO and Fe2O3. The CuFe/SBA-15 bimetallic catalyst was subsequently utilized for the oxidative degradation of N,N-diethyl-p-phenyl diamine (DPD) employing a H2O2 oxidant in aqueous solution