27 research outputs found
Viral hepatitis and agranulocytosis
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44381/1/10620_2005_Article_BF01071979.pd
Enhanced cytotoxic effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy by concurrent hyperthermia in glioma spheroids
Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis
Background
Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis.
Methods
A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis).
Results
Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent).
Conclusion
Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified
Nutrient intake comparisons between Framingham and rural and urban Puriscal, Costa Rica: associations with Lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and low density lipoprotein particle size
artículo -- Universidad de Costa Rica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud. 1991To assess cross-cultural relations between dietary intake and plasma lipoproteins, we randomly
selected 222 men and 243 women from the urban and rural areas of Puriscal, Costa Rica;
related their dietary composition (assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire), fitness level,
and body fat to plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size;
and compared these data with those from a subsample of 280 adults from the Framingham
Offspring Study. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly (p<0.0001)
higher in Framingham (207 and 137 mg/di, respectively) than in Puriscal (184 and 114 mg/dl,
respectively) residents. Elevated triglyceride and apolipoprotein (apo) B levels (25% and 16%
higher), low HDL cholesterol and apo A-I levels (12% and 29% lower), and smaller LDL
particles (17%) were more frequent in Puriscal than in Framingham residents. Urban Puriscal
residents had a significantly lower fitness level; increased body fat, total cholesterol, and
triglyceride levels; decreased HDL cholesterol in men; and higher apo B levels in women
compared with rural Puriscal residents. Body fat, animal fat, and saturated fat intakes were
significantly correlated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apo B levels in both men
and women in Puriscal. Intakes of protein and animal fat were higher among urban (10.7% and
14.1%, respectively) compared with rural (8.9% and 9.9%, respectively) Puriscal residents and
in Framingham (16.0% and 20.8%, respectively) compared with Puriscal residents. No
significant differences were found in dietary cholesterol. Saturated fat (largely from palm oil in
Puriscal) intakes were significantly different among the three groups: rural Puriscal, 10.7% of
calories; urban Puriscal, 11.6%; and Framingham residents, 12.9%. These data indicate that
the more atherogenic plasma lipid profile among urban compared with Puriscal residents was
largely explained by increased adiposity, decreased fitness level, and higher saturated fatty acid
intake. Puriscal residents consumed less animal fat and more carbohydrate than did
Framingham residents, and these differences were associated with a 21% lower LDL cholesterol
level, a 12% lower HDL cholesterol level, a 29% lower apo A-I level, a 25% higher triglyceride
level, a 16% higher apo B level, and a 17% smaller LDL particle size. Some of these
cross-cultural differences may be due to differences in ethnic background and physical activity
as well.Universidad de Costa Rica, instituto de Investigaciones en SaludUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA