Analogue Modeling of Oblique Convergent Strike-Slip Faulting and Application to the Seram Island, Eastern Indonesia

DOI:10.17014/ijog.v1i3.189Sandbox experiment is one of the types of analogue modeling in geological sciences in which the main purpose is simulating deformation style and structural evolution of the sedimentary basin. Sandbox modeling is one of the effective ways in conducting physically modeling and evaluates complex deformation of sedimentary rocks. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate structural geometry and deformation history of oblique convergent deformation using of integrated technique of analogue sandbox modeling applying to deformation of Seram Fold-Thrust-Belt (SFTB) in the Seram Island, Eastern Indonesia. Oblique convergent strike-slip deformation has notoriously generated area with structural complex geometry and pattern resulted from role of various local parameters that control stress distributions. Therefore, a special technique is needed for understanding and solving such problem in particular to relate 3D fault geometry and its evolution. The result of four case (Case 1 to 4) modeling setting indicated that two of modeling variables clearly affected in our sandbox modeling results; these are lithological variation (mainly stratigraphy of Seram Island) and pre-existing basement fault geometry (basement configuration). Lithological variation was mainly affected in the total number of faults development. On the other hand, pre-existing basement fault geometry was highly influenced in the end results particularly fault style and pattern as demonstrated in Case 4 modeling. In addition, this study concluded that deformation in the Seram Island is clearly best described using oblique convergent strike-slip (transpression) stress system

Solving Nonlinear Systems of Equations Via Spectral Residual Methods: Stepsize Selection and Applications

Spectral residual methods are derivative-free and low-cost per iteration procedures for solving nonlinear systems of equations. They are generally coupled with a nonmonotone linesearch strategy and compare well with Newton-based methods for large nonlinear systems and sequences of nonlinear systems. The residual vector is used as the search direction and choosing the steplength has a crucial impact on the performance. In this work we address both theoretically and experimentally the steplength selection and provide results on a real application such as a rolling contact problem

Statistical structures arising in null submanifolds

We show a link between affine differential geometry and null submanifolds in a semi-Riemannian manifold via statistical structures. Once a rigging for a null submanifold is fixed, we can construct a semi-Riemannian metric on it. This metric and the induced connection constitute a statistical structure on the null submanifold in some cases. We study the statistical structures arising in this way. We also construct statistical structures on a null hypersurface in the Lorentz–Minkowski space using the null second fundamental form. This extends the classical construction to the null case.Funding for open access publishing: Universidad Málaga/CBU

Magnetic Field Generation in Core-Sheath Jets via the Kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability

We have investigated magnetic field generation in velocity shears via the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (kKHI) using a relativistic plasma jet core and stationary plasma sheath. Our three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations consider plasma jet cores with Lorentz factors of 1.5, 5, and 15 for both electron-proton and electron-positron plasmas. For electron-proton plasmas we find generation of strong large-scale DC currents and magnetic fields which extend over the entire shear-surface and reach thicknesses of a few tens of electron skin depths. For electron-positron plasmas we find generation of alternating currents and magnetic fields. Jet and sheath plasmas are accelerated across the shear surface in the strong magnetic fields generated by the kKHI. The mixing of jet and sheath plasmas generates transverse structure similar to that produced by the Weibel instability.Comment: 28 pages, 12 figures, in press, ApJ, September 10, 201

Bovine virus diarrhea and the vector-borne diseases Anaplasmosis and Bluetongue: a sero-surveillance in free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) in selected areas of Switzerland

Due to climate changes, diseases emerging from southerly adjacent areas (Mediterranean countries) are likely to spread northward. Expanded migration of red deer harbors the risk of introducing new pathogens into a naive population of either wild or domestic animals. Little is known about the importance of red deer as a potential reservoir for diseases of domestic ruminants in Switzerland. Deer is susceptible for all three agents that were selected in this study: bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV), Anaplasma marginale (AM), and Bluetongue virus (BTV). The goal of this project was to establish the serological status of red deer in Switzerland concerning BVDV, AM, and BTV, and to assess the possible impact of disease dynamics with a focus on potential transmission of these diseases from red deer to cattle or vice versa. Sampling areas were selected according the following criteria: abundance of red deer, potential insect vector distribution due to climatic conditions, and traditional alpine pasture husbandry along with known migration routes of red deer. Blood samples were collected during the regular hunting season 2004 and 2005 by hunters and gamekeepers. There was no serological evidence for the presence of the vector-borne diseases AM and BT in red deer in Switzerland. Four out of 234 sera showed a positive result for BVD, corresponding to a sero-prevalence of 1.7% (95% CI 0.46–4.38). Facing the fact of the high sero-prevalence for BVD in Swiss cattle (60–80%) disease transmission from red deer to cattle in these areas under investigation is rather unlikely