Analysis of end-to-end multi-domain management and orchestration frameworks for software defined infrastructures: An architectural survey

Over the last couple of years, industry operators' associations issued requirements towards an end-to-end management and orchestration plane for 5G networks. Consequently, standard organisations started their activities in this domain. This article provides an analysis and an architectural survey of these initiatives and of the main requirements, proposes descriptions for the key concepts of domain, resource and service slicing, end-to-end orchestration and a reference architecture for the end-to-end orchestration plane. Then, a set of currently available or under development domain orchestration frameworks are mapped to this reference architecture. These frameworks, meant to provide coordination and automated management of cloud and networking resources, network functions and services, fulfil multi-domain (i.e. multi-technology and multi-operator) orchestration requirements, thus enabling the realisation of an end-to-end orchestration plane. Finally, based on the analysis of existing single-domain and multi-domain orchestration components and requirements, this paper presents a functional architecture for the end-to-end management and orchestration plane, paving the way to its full realisatio

Ltd. "Zvaigzne" financial analysis

Bakalaura darba tēma ir „SIA „Zvaigzne” finansiālā stāvokļa analīze”. Darba izstrādes pamatā tika veikta finanšu analīze, pielietojot teorētiskās zināšanas. Savukārt darba rezultātā tika izstrādāti priekšlikumi uzņēmuma turpmākajai darbībai. Bakalaura darbs sastāv no ievada, 3 nodaļām, secinājumiem un priekšlikumiem. Darba pirmajā nodaļā autore izklāsta finanšu analīzes būtību, liekot uzsvaru uz analīzes nozīmi un tās veikšanas metodēm. Apkopojot teorētiskās zināšanas, tika veikta uzņēmuma „Zvaigzne” finanšu analīze. Darba otrajā nodaļā autore raksturo SIA „Zvaigzne” uzņēmuma darbību, veic bilances un peļņas un zaudējumu atskaites vertikālo, un horizontālo analīzi, analizē likviditātes, aktivitātes, maksātspējas un rentabilitātes rādītājus, nosaka uzņēmuma bankrota diagnostikas rādītājus, ar mērķi gūt priekšstatu par uzņēmuma finansiālo stāvokli. Trešajā nodaļā autore sniedz uzņēmuma darbības vērtējumu ar mērķi konstatēt ieteicamo rīcības plānu uzņēmuma vadībai. Apkopojot izpētītos rezultātus, darba beigās autore sniedz secinājumus un izstrādā priekšlikumus. Bakalaura darbā ietilpst 65 lapaspuses, tajā skaitā 39 formulas, 33 tabulas, 4 attēli, kā arī ir pievienots 21 pielikums. Atslēgvārdi: uzņēmuma finansiālā stabilitāte, likviditāte, uzņēmuma aktivitātes rādītāji, rentabilitāte, maksātspēja.The topic of bachelor’s work is “Ltd. “Zvaigzne” financial analysis”, which was worked out according to theoretic knowledge and financial analysis application. As the result, there were worked out some proposals for further activity of the enterprise. The bachelor’s work consists of introduction, three parts, conclusions and proposals. At the first part of the work the author lays out the essence of financial analysis, marking out the significance and methods of financial analysis. The aim is to get financial analysis of Ltd. “Zvaigzne” condition, based on theoretic knowledge application. In the second part of the work the author gives the characterization of the Ltd. “Zvaigzne”, performs horizontal and vertical balance, analyses liquidity, turnover, solvency, and profitability indexes, to have an idea of financial state of the enterprise. In the third part of the work the author gives personal evaluation of the enterprise, to state the recommended plan for further activity. To sum up the results of research, at the end of the work the author gives conclusions and proposals. The bachelor’s work consists of 65 pages, including 39 formulas, 33 tables, 4 images; there are is added 21 supplement. Key words: financial stability of the enterprise, liquidity, turnover, profitability, solvency

Eco-evolutionary Dynamics of Individual-Based Food Webs

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Detecting the macroevolutionary signal of species interactions

Species interactions lie at the heart of many theories of macroevolution, from adaptive radiation to the Red Queen. Although some theories describe the imprint that interactions will have over long time scales, we are still missing a comprehensive understanding of the effects of interactions on macroevolution. Current research shows strong evidence for the impact of interactions on macroevolutionary patterns of trait evolution and diversification, yet many macroevolutionary studies have only a tenuous relationship to ecological studies of interactions over shorter time scales. We review current research in this area, highlighting approaches that explicitly model species interactions and connect them to broad‐scale macroevolutionary patterns. We also suggest that progress has been made by taking an integrative interdisciplinary look at individual clades. We focus on African cichlids as a case study of how this approach can be fruitful. Overall, while the evidence for species interactions shaping macroevolution is strong, further work using integrative and model‐based approaches is needed to spur progress towards understanding the complex dynamics that structure communities over time and space

Realizing services and slices across multiple operator domains

Supporting end-to-end network slices and services across operators has become an important use case of study for 5G networks as can be seen by 5G use cases published in 3GPP, ETSI as well as NGMN. This paper presents the in- depth architecture, implementation and experiment on a multi-domain orchestration framework that is ab le to deploy such multi-operator service as well as monitor the service for SLA compliance. Our implemented architecture allows operators to abstract their sensitive details while exposing the relevant amount of information to support inter-operator slice creation. Our experiment shows that the implemented framework is capable of creating services across operators while fulfilling the respective service requirements

The evolutionary ecology of fatty-acid variation : Implications for consumer adaptation and diversification

The nutritional diversity of resources can affect the adaptive evolution of consumer metabolism and consumer diversification. The omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) have a high potential to affect consumer fitness, through their widespread effects on reproduction, growth and survival. However, few studies consider the evolution of fatty acid metabolism within an ecological context. In this review, we first document the extensive diversity in both primary producer and consumer fatty acid distributions amongst major ecosystems, between habitats and amongst species within habitats. We highlight some of the key nutritional contrasts that can shape behavioural and/or metabolic adaptation in consumers, discussing how consumers can evolve in response to the spatial, seasonal and community-level variation of resource quality. We propose a hierarchical trait-based approach for studying the evolution of consumers' metabolic networks and review the evolutionary genetic mechanisms underpinning consumer adaptation to EPA and DHA distributions. In doing so, we consider how the metabolic traits of consumers are hierarchically structured, from cell membrane function to maternal investment, and have strongly environment-dependent expression. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on how studying the metabolic adaptation of consumers within the context of nutritional landscapes can open up new opportunities for understanding evolutionary diversification