Narrar es un cuento secuencia didáctica para el fortalecimiento de la comprensión lectora mediante cuentos cortos Colombianos

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal, exponer el diseño de una secuencia didáctica como estrategia pedagógica para el fortalecimiento de la comprensión lectora, enfocada en estudiantes de grado sexto de básica secundaria. Se propone que las concepciones sobre lectura y escritura se transformen y se lleven a prácticas que permitan aprender y generar condiciones para la participación, donde se haga de la práctica de la enseñanza un espacio en el cual todos los actores involucrados tengan la oportunidad de aprender y entender el mundo desde otras perspectivas y se genere una transformación en los estudiantes, en su visión y comprensión del mundo. Para el desarrollo de la presente investigación, se abordó la perspectiva teórica de Pérez Abril y Rincón Bonilla y su concepto de secuencia didáctica, el texto narrativo desde Cortes y Bautista y los cuentos cortos colombianos de García Márquez y Arciniegas. De igual manera el presente trabajo se ha desarrollado desde las disposiciones dadas desde los lineamientos curriculares de la lengua castellana, el plan nacional de lectura y escritura, los derechos básicos de aprendizaje y demás orientaciones brindadas por parte del Ministerio de educación nacional

The microbiological transformation of two 15B-hydroxy-ent-kaurene diterpenes by Gibberella fujikuroi

The incubation of 15B-hydroxy-3-oxo-ent-kaur-16-ene (1) with the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi afforded 11B-hydroxy-3,15-dioxo-ent-kaurane (6), 11B,15B-dihydroxy-3-oxo-ent-kaur-16-ene (8), 7B,11B,15B-trihydroxy-3-oxo-ent-kau-16-ene (9), 7a,11B-dihydroxy-3,15-dioxo-ent-kaurane (7), and 7a,11B,15B-trihidroxy-3-oxo-ent-kaur-16-ene (10). The incubation of 15B-hydroxy-ent-kaur-2,16-diene (3) with the same fungus yielded 7a,11B-dihydroxy-15-oxo-ent-kaur-3-ene (12), 7a,11B,15B-trihydroxy-ent-kaur-2,16-diene (13), 7B,-15B-dihydroxy-ent-kaur-2,16-dien-19,6-olide (14), 1B,7B,15B-trihydroxy-ent-kaur-2,16-dien-19-oic acid (15), 7a,11B,16a-trihydroxy-15-oxo-ent-kaur-2-ene (17), and 7a,15B,17-trihydroxy-11B,16B-epoxy-ent-kaur-2-ene (19). These results indicated that a 3-oxo group in ent-kaur-16-ene derivatives inhibits the oxidation at C-19, typical of the biosynthetic pathway of gibberellins and kaurenolides, while a 2,3-double bond or a 15B-OH does not. In both substrates a 15B-alcohol directs hydroxylations at C-11(B) and C-7(a), while in those with a 2,3-double bond the functionalization of C-1(B) is favored.Peer reviewe

High frequency pCO2 monitoring in the Mediterranean coastal waters

Monitoring the Air-Sea pCO2 variability in the coastal areas is a priority due to the effect of the biological and biogeochemistry process on this process. The Northwestern Mediterranean Sea is an oligotrophic area in a semi-closed basin, therefore the changes on the surface waters properties take place faster than in other seas. This work focuses in the establishment of a pCO2 monitor system and other related sensors at the OBSEA surface buoy.Peer Reviewe

The Genetic and Biochemical Blueprint of Endometrial Receptivity: Past, Present, and Future Factors Involved in Embryo Implantation Success

In the field of assisted reproductive technology, endometrial receptivity is a crucial aspect that affects implantation rates in in-vitro fertilization procedures; in fact, impaired endometrial receptivity has been identified as the rate-limiting step for favorable pregnancy outcomes once factors regarding embryo quality have been optimized. The endometrium is a dynamic tissue that undergoes proliferative and secretory changes in each menstrual cycle, acquiring a short and transient period of embryo receptivity known as the Window of Implantation. Precise embryo-endometrial synchrony is necessary to achieve a successful pregnancy, and it involves complex and multifactorial processes related to morphological, biochemical, and genetic changes. On that behalf, defining the receptive window of each patient for personalized embryo transfer is a current goal. Here, we review different indicators of endometrial receptivity throughout the menstrual cycle, spotlighting the opening of the window of implantation: classical histological and biochemical markers, genetic factors, leading-edge transcriptomic signatures and miRNA profiles, and novel features such as the microbiome and secretome. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind endometrial receptivity will facilitate the optimization and improvement of infertility treatments

Aneuploidy Rates Inversely Correlate with Implantation during <em>In Vitro</em> Fertilization Procedures: In Favor of PGT

Aneuploidy, the hold of an abnormal number of chromosomes that differs from the normal karyotype, is a recognized leading cause of miscarriage and congenital disabilities. In human gametes and embryos, aneuploidy rates are prevalent, and these rates increase with advanced maternal age; additionally, it has been suggested that hormonal stimulation for achieving in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols further increases aneuploidy rates. Although about 65% of chromosomally abnormal embryos culminate in spontaneous miscarriages, there is still evidence of live births harboring crucial aneuploidies. Furthermore, although some frequent aneuploidies are consistent, others differ between countries, making it harder to focus on a specific set of anomalies but vital to focus regionally on those more prevalent. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a highly endorsed technique in assisted reproductive treatments to evaluate possible embryo aneuploidies, genetic defects, and congenital disorders. On this subject, this study shows that IVF aneuploidy rates in embryo cohorts of high morphological quality are inversely associated with implantation rates. In its entirety, this study reinforces the utility of PGT for embryo evaluation

Modelo de competencia docente del profesor de medicina en la UNAM

El estudio presenta un modelo de competencia docente del profesor de medicina. Fue generado a partir de un modelo conceptual preexistente: a) dicho modelo se sometió al juicio de expertos quienes seleccionaron las competencias de mayor impacto; b) se construyó un perfil de competencias; c) se generó un instrumento basado en la opinión de los estudiantes y otro de autoevaluación; d) ambos fueron validados por 18 expertos en evaluación; e) se aplicó a 2,281 estudiantes y 107 profesores, obteniendo un comportamiento psicométrico adecuado que permitió establecer un modelo acorde a las tendencias actuales en evaluación del desempeño docente

Notch Signaling in the Astroglial Phenotype: Relevance to Glutamatergic Transmission

Glutamate (Glu), the major excitatory neurotransmitter, elicits its action through the activation of membrane receptors and transporters expressed in neurons and glial cells. Glial glutamate transporters, EAAT1 and EAAT2, remove this transmitter from the synaptic cleft preventing an excitotoxic insult. The Notch pathway is a signaling system involved in neuro- and gliogenesis. Radial glia (RG) generates neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes in a spatial and temporal pattern, in which Notch represses neurogenesis, maintaining the self-renewal potential of RG. Astrogenesis depends on several stimuli, Notch being a master regulator of the differentiation process. The cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling cascade cross talks with the Notch pathway, acting synergistically by reducing progenitor markers and inducing astrocytic differentiation. Notch1 mRNA is upregulated in a PKA/γ-secretase/NICD/CSL-dependent manner, suggesting a feedback loop to keep Notch active until astrocytic differentiation is complete. Glial differentiation is also modulated by PKC, which acts over NICD. In RG cells and astrocytes enwrapping glutamatergic synapses, EAAT1 transcriptional regulation is mediated by PKC, increasing Notch expression and its receptor intracellular traffic. It is clear that Notch represents an activity-dependent molecular key in RG cells that enable them to shape glutamatergic transmission through the expression of genes involved in glial/neuronal interactions

Main Pests and Diseases in Tropical Forest Species in Nursery

This paper presents the monitoring of pests and diseases in nurseries of 10 tropical forest species used in the reforestation of disturbed areas. The work was carried out in a rustic nursery established in Cardenas, Tabasco, under cocoa shade. The objective was to evaluate the presence of pests or diseases in the nursery under natural conditions. Pests and diseases appeared from the seedling stage in germination beds to the adult stage. The fungus Fusarium was the most aggressive causal agent that caused the death of seedling in the germination beds, as well as Curvularia lanata that massively affected Tabebuia rosea plants. Likewise, T. rosea is one of the species with the most reported pests, as well as Lantana camara. On the contrary, Hamelia patens Jacq (Coralillo) did not registered important pests during the monitoring in the nursery

Evaluación de diferentes péptidos de la región estructural del virus de la hepatitis C

Elisa tests are widely used for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection because of their sensitivity and specificity. Most of the Elisas are based on the use of synthetic peptides The structural region of the virus is one of the most preserved regions and it shows high immunogenicity. Seven highly inmunogenic peptides from hiqhly inmunogenic areas in hepatitis C virus structural region were synthesized. Those peptides represent the structural region of the hepatitis C virus. Results of synthesized peptides were tested and compared. Positive (n=72) and negative (n=42) samples were employed. Reactivity was high in peptides closest to the N-terminus region and it decreased toward the C-terminus region. The results coincide with other authors' results.Para el diagnóstico del virus de la hepatitis C, se utilizan ampliamente las pruebas de Elisa por su sensibilidad y especificidad. Gran parte de ellos se basa en el empleo de péptidos sintéticos. Una de las zonas más conservadas y de gran antigenicidad es la región estructural del virus. En este estudio, se sintetizaron siete péptidos de zonas informadas como altamente antigénicas de la región estructural del virus de la hepatitis C. Los péptidos sintetizados representan la región del núcleo del virus. Se realizó la evaluación y comparación de los resultades de los péptidos sintetizados, para lo cual se emplearon muestras positivas (n=72) y negativas (n=42). Con los péptidos más cercanos a la región amino terminal, la reactividad fue alta, pero fue disminuyendo a medida que nos acercábamos a la región carboxilo terminal. Estos resultados coinciden con lo informado por otros autores

Educational innovation at the National Autonomous University of Mexico: study of its meaning among its scholars

En un entorno de constantes cambios y nuevas maneras de interacción, muchas de ellas mediadas por tecnología, el término innovación es utilizado con mayor frecuencia en los ámbitos empresarial, tecnológico, social y educativo. Esto propicia que el término tenga un carácter polisémico, que adquiere diferentes significados de acuerdo al contexto en que es utilizado. Su definición depende de factores culturales, sociales, políticos e ideológicos del entorno. Algunos estudios señalan que en las universidades es difícil tener consenso sobre su concepto. La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) se caracteriza por ser una institución donde convergen distintos niveles educativos y disciplinas, esto propicia que las perspectivas sobre la innovación sean diversas. A través de un estudio cualitativo con grupos focales con docentes y entrevistas a funcionarios de la UNAM, se exploró desde el enfoque del construccionismo social el significado que tiene para su comunidad académica los términos innovación e innovación educativa. Los resultados muestran que estos significados son diversos y están influenciados por los aspectos contextuales de las diversas disciplinas de conocimiento, lo que influye en que se tengan distintas perspectivas.In an environment of changes and new ways of interaction, many of them mediated by technology, the term innovation is used more frequently in the business, technological, social and educational spheres. This encourages the polysemic character of this word, which acquires different meanings according to the context where it is used. Its definition depends on cultural, social, political and ideological factors of the environment. Some studies indicate that in universities it is difficult to have a consensus on the meaning of this concept. The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) is characterized by being an institution where different educational levels and disciplines converge, this favors diverse perspectives of innovation. Through a qualitative study with focus groups composed of teachers and interviews with UNAM officials, the meaning of the terms educational innovation and innovation is explored from the perspective of social constructionism. The results show that meanings are diverse and are influenced by the contextual aspects of the different knowledge disciplines, which in turn influence the different perspectives