WHAT MOTIVATES PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS TO BECOME TEACHERS AND THEIR PERSPECTIVES OF ENGLISH TEACHING AS A CAREER OPTION

Teaching motivation issues are well-researched in several countries. However, these issues have been rarely investigated in the Indonesian context. This study investigated motivational factors that influence pre-service teachers to enter English teacher training and their perspectives of English teaching as a career option. It comprised a survey of 140 pre-service teachers from a teacher training institution in Bali and two semi-structured group interviews. The results suggest that the participants are more influenced by intrinsic and altruistic factors than extrinsic factors. These findings contradict earlier studies of teacher motivation in developing countries and what is generally believed in Indonesia. Moreover, the development of the tourism industry in Bali seems to have a great impact on the participants’ perspectives of English teaching in Bali in particular and in Indonesia in general. Most of those surveyed held positive views of the development of English teaching as a career option. Finally the study suggested implications and recommendations for additional studies within the Indonesian context.Â

Chemically driven switches for online detection of pH changes in microfluidic devices

The internal walls of microfabricated fluidic channels were functionalized with a selfassembled monolayer of Rhodamine B lactam. This molecule has the capability to interconvert between its open fluorescent amide form and the closed non-fluorescent lactam form upon changes of the pH conditions. The interconversion (switch) between the two reversible forms is achieved by addition of an acid or a base and is consistent with a reaction mechanism of the first order. This paper describes the online observation of such fluorescent switch covalently anchored to the channel and proposes this method as a possible sensor for the monitoring of pH changes in microreactors

“This is wrong and we will support you”: The (restricted) role of resident-led neighbourhood-level planning teams in residential displacement

Using qualitative data collected from 2013-2017, this paper investigates how resident-led planning teams working within Hamilton, Ontario’s Neighbourhood Action Strategy (NAS) responded to gentrification and displacement. Highlighting case studies of three neighbourhoods, our findings reveal that resident groups can act as both sites of support for gentrification and sites of resistance to residential displacement. Our findings complicate the common narrative that posits residents as powerless in the face of gentrification, showing how residents resisted coercive displacementefforts. The case studies expose concrete strategies used by residents: engaging directly with City Hall and developers, countering exclusionary neighbourhood attitudes through community dialogue, and supporting tenant organizing. However, findings also highlight how differences among residents (particularly class, race, and length and type of tenure) shaped both the nature and effectiveness of resistance in this municipally-supported initiative, and identify the need for more attention to preventing displacement within formal planning processes.S’appuyant sur les données d’une évaluation quinquennale de la Stratégie d’action de quartier (NAS) de Hamilton, en Ontario, le présent document explore le rôle que les équipes de quartier peuvent jouer pour lutter contre les déplacements résidentiels. La NAS, agissant à l’échelle municipale et composée d’intervenants multiples, a été mise sur pied pour répondre aux inégalités en santé qui se retrouvent au niveau des quartiers ; elle soutient les « équipes de planification » dirigées par les résidents pour développer des communautés plus saines. À l’aide de données qualitatives recueillies de 2013 à 2017, cet article examine les interventions des équipes de planification dirigées par les résidents envers l’embourgeoisement et les déplacements. En mettant en lumière des études de cas de trois quartiers, nos résultats révèlent que les groupes de résidents peuvent être tout autant des foyers d’appui à l’embourgeoisement que des foyers de résistance aux déplacements résidentiels. Nos résultats compliquent le récit commun qui postule que les résidents sont impuissants face à l’embourgeoisement, en montrant comment les résidents sont intervenus et sont devenus de puissants acteurs pour résister aux efforts de déplacement forcé. Les études de cas divulguent des stratégies concrètes utilisées par les résidents : dialoguer directement avec les élus et le personnel de l’hôtel de ville, de même qu’avec les promoteurs ; contrecarrer les attitudes d’exclusion des résidents du quartier par le biais de dialogues communautaires ; et appuyer les locataires dans leurs efforts d’organisation

Tyttökoulujen kasvioppi

Varustettu 8 väritaululla, 486 tekstiin painetulla kuvalla ja kasvimaantieteellisellä kartall

Suomen kuorettomat ja kuorelliset etanat

Ylipainos Luonnon ystävästä [6, ss. 161-185

Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight? A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies

By reducing energy density, low-energy sweeteners (LES) might be expected to reduce energy intake (EI) and body weight (BW). To assess the totality of the evidence testing the null hypothesis that LES exposure (versus sugars or unsweetened alternatives) has no effect on EI or BW, we conducted a systematic review of relevant studies in animals and humans consuming LES with ad libitum access to food energy. In 62 of 90 animal studies exposure to LES did not affect or decreased BW. Of 28 reporting increased BW, 19 compared LES with glucose exposure using a specific ‘learning’ paradigm. Twelve prospective cohort studies in humans reported inconsistent associations between LES use and Body Mass Index (-0.002 kg/m2/year, 95%CI -0.009 to 0.005). Meta-analysis of short- term randomized controlled trials (RCTs, 129 comparisons) showed reduced total EI for LES- versus sugar-sweetened food or beverage consumption before an ad libitum meal (-94 kcal, 95%CI -122 to -66), with no difference versus water (-2 kcal, 95%CI -30 to 26). This was consistent with EI results from sustained intervention RCTs (10 comparisons). Meta-analysis of sustained intervention RCTs (4 weeks to 40 months) showed that consumption of LES versus sugar led to relatively reduced BW (nine comparisons; -1.35 kg, 95%CI –2.28 to - 0.42), and a similar relative reduction in BW versus water (three comparisons; -1.24 kg, 95%CI –2.22 to -0.26). Most animal studies did not mimic LES consumption by humans, and reverse causation may influence the results of prospective cohort studies. The preponderance of evidence from all human RCTs indicates that LES do not increase EI or BW, whether compared with caloric or non-caloric (e.g., water) control conditions. Overall, the balance of evidence indicates that use of LES in place of sugar, in children and adults, leads to reduced EI and BW, and possibly also when compared with water

Optimizing the Sampling Area across an Old-Growth Forest via UAV-Borne Laser Scanning, GNSS, and Radial Surveying

Aboveground biomass, volume, and basal area are among the most important structural attributes in forestry. Direct measurements are cost-intensive and time-consuming, especially for old-growth forests exhibiting a complex structure over a rugged topography. We defined a methodology to optimize the plot size and the (total) sampling area, allowing for structural attributes with a tolerable error to be estimated. The plot size was assessed by analyzing the semivariogram of a CHM model derived via UAV laser scanning, while the sampling area was based on the calculation of the absolute relative error as a function of allometric relationships. The allometric relationships allowed the structural attributes from trees’ height to be derived. The validation was based on the positioning of a number of trees via total station and GNSS surveys. Since high trees occlude the GNSS signal transmission, a strategy to facilitate the positioning was to fix the solution using the GLONASS constellation alone (showing the highest visibility during the survey), and then using the GPS constellation to increase the position accuracy (up to PDOP~5−10). The tree heights estimated via UAV laser scanning were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.98, RMSE = 2.80 m) with those measured in situ. Assuming a maximum absolute relative error in the estimation of the structural attribute (20% within this work), the proposed methodology allowed the portion of the forest surface (≤60%) to be sampled to be quantified to obtain a low average error in the calculation of the above mentioned structural attributes (≤13

Il Salvador si avvia a pianificare città e territori: un’esperienza pilota partecipativa a Santa Marta, a partire da un lungo lavoro psicologico

Gli autori descrivono un caso di cooperazione allo sviluppo iniziato nel 2008 come intervento di Psicologi nel mondo, continuato anno dopo anno, generatore di una esperienza di pianificazione partecipativa a cura del Politecnico di Torino nel 2014. Le riflessioni teoriche sul rapporto interdisciplinare tra psicologia e pianificazione si ancorano a un caso studio locale, la piccola comunità di Santa Marta, mentre il Salvador spinge verso la pianificazione città e territori.The authors describe a case of cooperation that began in 2008 as an intervention of Psicologi nel mondo, continued year after year, generating an experience of participatory planning carried out by the Politecnico di Torino in 2014. The theoretical reflections on the interdisciplinary relationship between psychology and planning are anchored in a local case study, the small community of Santa Marta, while El Salvador favors local programs of urban and spatial planning.Los autores describen un caso de cooperación para el desarrollo que se inició en 2008 como una intervención de Psicologi nel mondo y continúa generando una experiencia de planificación participativa conducta por el Politecnico di Torino en 2014. Las reflexiones teóricas sobre la relación entre psicología y planificación están anclados en un estudio de caso, la pequeña comunidad de Santa Marta, mientras El Salvador empuja la planificación de la ciudades y los territorios

Vertebrata fennica, sive fauna animalium vertebratorum regionis Fennicæ naturalis

Varustettu 215 puupiirroksella, 10 levenemistaululla ja luonnontieteellisen Suomen kartalla