Standardization of protocol to evaluate peroxidase activity in tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.)

El objetivo de esta investigación fue obtener un protocolo de análisis de la actividad enzimática de Peroxidasa (POD) en pulpa de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum Cav.). Se evaluaron variables en el proceso de extracción como: el porcentaje de pulpa (PP), de 20 a 50% y el tiempo de centrifugación (TC) de 10 a 30 minutos; mientras que en la medición se varió el volumen de extracto (VE), de 30 a 90 L. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de composición central 23 más puntos estrellas y puntos centrales con metodología de superficie de respuesta con dos repeticiones y un total de 32 unidades experimentales. Para la optimización, la mayor actividad enzimática se presentó empleando un PP de 60%, un TC de 34 min y un VE de 110 μl

Profile of antiretroviral agents use in Colombia

Introduction: Since the beginning of the epidemic, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has taken more than 36 million lives. Objective: To determine the antiretroviral drug prescription patterns in a population of individuals with HIV infection in Colombia. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study analyzing the profiles of patients treated with antiretroviral drugs between April 1st and September 30th, 2015. The sociodemographic, pharmacological, and comorbidity variables were identified. Individuals with a positive diagnosis of HIV of all ages and both genders were included. Results: We found 641 patients with a mean age of 39.0±17 years who were predominantly male (60.2%). The most used medications were lamivudine-zidovudine (51.6%), lopinavir-ritonavir (36%) and efavirenz (24.5%). The combination of lamivudine-zidovudine plus lopinavir-ritonavir was the most prescribed regimen (29.5%), but a total of 80 different regimens was identified. Being an adult between the ages of 45-64 years (OR=2.25; 95%CI 1.367-3.713) was associated with a greater probability of receiving 4 or more antiretrovirals. A total of 267 (41.6%) patients used at least one comedication (range: 1-18 drugs), especially anti-ulcer (57.3%), lipid-lowering (28.8%) and anti-hypertensive (28.5%) drugs. Conclusions: Patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment are receiving medications with elevated intrinsic values at the recommended doses and present comorbidities associated with chronic agerelated conditions. However, these patients receive a great variety of regimens that are not included in the clinical practice guidelines

Dataset on water–glycerol flow in a horizontal pipeline with and without leaks

The dataset presented in this article was collected in a laboratory flow circuit, which was designed to investigate highviscosity flows. The data set is composed of 1200 s (equivalent to 12,000 samples) of mass flow and pressure measurements taken at five points along the pipeline. The first 300 s were recorded when the flow in the loop was composed only of glycerol. The remaining data were acquired when the flow was composed of a water–glycerol mixture. During the data acquisition, two extractions were produced. The research reported in [1] uses 160 s of the data provided here. This article explains in detail the experimental set-up and the principal instruments used for obtaining the dataset. The dataset is in the form of seven columns: Time, Mass Flow, Pressure 1, Pressure 2, Pressure 3, Pressure 4, Pressure 5, in supplementary Excel and Matlab files

Effect of an Albumin Infusion Treatment Protocol on Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Relevant Outcomes in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Un protocolo de manejo institucional para pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA) basado en la evaluación cardíaca inicial, la permisividad de los balances negativos de líquidos y el uso de una infusión continua de albúmina como fluidoterapia principal durante los primeros 5 días de estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). se implementó en nuestro hospital en 2014. Tenía como objetivo lograr y mantener la euvolemia y la estabilidad hemodinámica para prevenir eventos isquémicos y complicaciones en la UCI reduciendo los períodos de hipovolemia o inestabilidad hemodinámica. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del protocolo de manejo implementado sobre la incidencia de isquemia cerebral retardada (ICD), la mortalidad y otros resultados relevantes en pacientes con HSA durante la estancia en la UCI.Q1Background An institutional management protocol for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) based on initial cardiac assessment, permissiveness of negative fluid balances, and use of a continuous albumin infusion as the main fluid therapy for the first 5 days of the intensive care unit (ICU) stay was implemented at our hospital in 2014. It aimed at achieving and maintaining euvolemia and hemodynamic stability to prevent ischemic events and complications in the ICU by reducing periods of hypovolemia or hemodynamic instability. This study aimed at assessing the effect of the implemented management protocol on the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), mortality, and other relevant outcomes in patients with SAH during ICU stay. Methods We conducted a quasi-experimental study with historical controls based on electronic medical records of adults with SAH admitted to the ICU at a tertiary care university hospital in Cali, Colombia. The patients treated between 2011 and 2014 were the control group, and those treated between 2014 and 2018 were the intervention group. We collected baseline clinical characteristics, cointerventions, occurrence of DCI, vital status after 6 months, neurological status after 6 months, hydroelectrolytic imbalances, and other SAH complication. Multivariable and sensitivity analyses that controlled for confounding and considered the presence of competing risks were used to adequately estimate the effects of the management protocol. The study was approved by our institutional ethics review board before study start. Results One hundred eighty-nine patients were included for analysis. The management protocol was associated with a reduced incidence of DCI (hazard ratio 0.52 [95% confidence interval 0.33–0.83] from multivariable subdistribution hazards model) and hyponatremia (relative risk 0.55 [95% confidence interval 0.37–0.80]). The management protocol was not associated with higher hospital or long-term mortality, nor with a higher occurrence of other unfavorable outcomes (pulmonary edema, rebleeding, hydrocephalus, hypernatremia, pneumonia). The intervention group also had lower daily and cumulative administered fluids compared with historic controls (p < 0.0001). Conclusions A management protocol based on hemodynamically oriented fluid therapy in combination with a continuous albumin infusion as the main fluid during the first 5 days of the ICU stay appears beneficial for patients with SAH because it was associated with reduced incidence of DCI and hyponatremia. Proposed mechanisms include improved hemodynamic stability that allows euvolemia and reduces the risk of ischemia, among others.Revista Internacional - IndexadaS

Primer encuentro subregional de editores de revistas científicas estudiantiles en ciencias de la salud, Arequipa, Perú, 2014

El progreso de las ciencias y del conocimiento depende cada vez más del trabajo cooperativo entre distintos grupos de investigación y es clave para mejorar la producción científica. En la búsqueda de esa cooperación, las revistas científicas estudiantiles no son la excepción, pues desde hace años se realizan reuniones internacionales para editores estudiantiles con el fin de crear redes de apoyo y mejora del proceso editorial

Armadura paramétrica para soluciones integrales en contextos rurales

como finalidad reivindicar a la madera como un material constructivo pertinente para la edificación. Situación que en México se ha visto limitada por diferentes factores como lo son la sobredimensión de los elementos en reglamentos, la casi inexistente regulación del material y el paradigma de su deficiente seguridad y durabilidad comparada con otros materiales como lo son el acero y el concreto. Los beneficios de este material trascienden sus limitantes, siendo un material sustentable, la madera podría reducir en mayor o menor medida el abuso de materiales contaminantes en la construcción, además México cuenta con un gran abasto de maderas de primera calidad y rápido crecimiento. El primer acercamiento consiste en generar un nuevo mecanismo de construcción entre el usuario y su vivienda; se enfocó en darle solución a un elemento estructural que además de estético, funcione adecuadamente como entrepiso y tenga el potencial de ser un producto fácilmente transportable y autoconstruible. Esta investigación plantea las bases para desarrollar un sistema paramétrico en cubiertas y entrepisos de madera, el alcance de nuestras pruebas de laboratorio a la madera y su resistencia, el cálculo efectuado y el diseño conllevan a una relación global para continuar con la misión

Integrating transcriptional, metabolomic, and physiological responses to drought stress and recovery in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)

BACKGROUND: In light of the changes in precipitation and soil water availability expected with climate change, understanding the mechanisms underlying plant responses to water deficit is essential. Toward that end we have conducted an integrative analysis of responses to drought stress in the perennial C₄ grass and biofuel crop, Panicum virgatum (switchgrass). Responses to soil drying and re-watering were measured at transcriptional, physiological, and metabolomic levels. To assess the interaction of soil moisture with diel light: dark cycles, we profiled gene expression in drought and control treatments under pre-dawn and mid-day conditions. RESULTS: Soil drying resulted in reduced leaf water potential, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence along with differential expression of a large fraction of the transcriptome (37%). Many transcripts responded differently depending on time of day (e.g. up-regulation pre-dawn and down-regulation mid-day). Genes associated with C₄ photosynthesis were down-regulated during drought, while C₄ metabolic intermediates accumulated. Rapid changes in gene expression were observed during recovery from drought, along with increased water use efficiency and chlorophyll fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that drought responsive gene expression depends strongly on time of day and that gene expression is extensively modified during the first few hours of drought recovery. Analysis of covariation in gene expression, metabolite abundance, and physiology among plants revealed non-linear relationships that suggest critical thresholds in drought stress responses. Future studies may benefit from evaluating these thresholds among diverse accessions of switchgrass and other C₄ grasses.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by BioMed Central Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcgenomics/.Keywords: Gene expression, Panicum virgatum, Recovery, Drought, Switchgrass, RNA-se

Quid: observatorio de medios

El informe está dividido en cuatro apartados: “Derecho a la información y transparencia”, “La televisión mexicana”, “Empresas y prácticas periodísticas” y “Los que se fueron”. En el primero de ellos se presenta un texto que ayuda a entender cuál es el momento en el que se encuentran las propuestas legislativas para regular a los medios y las telecomunicaciones en México, y una evaluación de los primeros cinco años del Instituto de Transparencia e Información Pública de Jalisco. El segundo apartado del informe es ecléctico, pues se compone de artículos que trabajan distintas temáticas de la televisión:la estructura y oferta de la televisión en nuestro país (en particular en la ciudad de Guadalajara), la televisión por cable (enfatizando el caso de Megacable), un recuento de cómo se gestó el Canal 44 y de sus prospectivas en 2011, y los mundiales de futbol. La tercera parte del informe documenta algunas de las situaciones más importantes que se viven en el periodismo local: estos trabajos presentan sistemas en crisis (alta vulnerabilidad de los periodistas mexicanos ante un clima de violencia que lejos de disminuir va en aumento, y la participación, por acción u omisión, del Estado mexicano en la sistemática violación de los derechos de quienes dedican su vida al trabajo periodístico. Los siguientes artículos tratan sobre las transformaciones de las empresas periodísticas, particularmente las del sector de la prensa escrita: la rápida e inexorable desaparición de los suplementos culturales, y una radiografía sobre las formas de producción de algunas secciones internacionales de los periódicos tapatíos. Al final se presentan las semblanzas de José Galindo, Raúl Mora Lomelí, S.J., Tomás Eloy Martínez y Juan Pablo Rosell.ITESO, A.C

Childhood acute leukemias are frequent in Mexico City: descriptive epidemiology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Worldwide, acute leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer. It is particularly common in the Hispanic populations residing in the United States, Costa Rica, and Mexico City. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of acute leukemia in children who were diagnosed and treated in public hospitals in Mexico City.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Included in this study were those children, under 15 years of age and residents of Mexico City, who were diagnosed in 2006 and 2007 with leukemia, as determined by using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The average annual incidence rates (AAIR), and the standardized average annual incidence rates (SAAIR) per million children were calculated. We calculated crude, age- and sex-specific incidence rates and adjusted for age by the direct method with the world population as standard. We determined if there were a correlation between the incidence of acute leukemias in the various boroughs of Mexico City and either the number of agricultural hectares, the average number of persons per household, or the municipal human development index for Mexico (used as a reference of socio-economic level).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although a total of 610 new cases of leukemia were registered during 2006-2007, only 228 fit the criteria for inclusion in this study. The overall SAAIR was 57.6 per million children (95% CI, 46.9-68.3); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most frequent type of leukemia, constituting 85.1% of the cases (SAAIR: 49.5 per million), followed by acute myeloblastic leukemia at 12.3% (SAAIR: 6.9 per million), and chronic myeloid leukemia at 1.7% (SAAIR: 0.9 per million). The 1-4 years age group had the highest SAAIR for ALL (77.7 per million). For cases of ALL, 73.2% had precursor B-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR: 35.8 per million) and 12.4% had T-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR 6.3 per million). The peak ages for ALL were 2-6 years and 8-10 years. More than half the children (58.8%) were classified as high risk. There was a positive correlation between the average number of persons per household and the incidence of the pre-B immunophenotype (Pearson's r, 0.789; P = 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The frequency of ALL in Mexico City is among the highest in the world, similar to those found for Hispanics in the United States and in Costa Rica.</p