Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de un plan de posicionamiento para la cooperativa de taxis “Radio Presidente” del cantón Milagro.

La Cooperativa de Taxis Radio Presidente, es una empresa creada por 50 socios, que decidieron unirse para satisfacer las necesidades y ofrecer un servicio de transporte hacia los usuarios que demandan este servicio. Con la finalidad de conseguir un mayor potencial de clientes,crecimiento económico, social y poblacional que ha tenido el Cantón durante los últimos años. Tomando en cuenta a los retos que se deben enfrentar día a día ya que la mayoría de las cooperativas de taxis se han visto afectadas en diferentes áreas tales como: administrativas y operativas, mostrando debilidades en sus procesos y políticas de control en el que les impide crecer económicamente, otros de los problemas que han sido notorio es: Mejorar el departamento contable, Realizar cambios en e Incrementar la venta de sus servicios, Ausencia de un organigrama que le permita asignar y describir funciones. Dejando en evidencia la falta de personal capacitado y la personalización en sus servicios tanto intelectual como Tecnológico, por esto se considera importante la aplicación de la propuesta y de esta manera reforzar los departamentos a través de estrategias y planes como: la personalización de sus servicios, la capacitación de sus socios en atención y servicio al cliente; y el uso adecuado de la tecnología. De esta manera lograr el cumplimento de sus objetivos y el aumento de sus ingresos, mejorando la calidad de vida de sus socios y clientes

VviAGL11 self-regulates and targets hormone- and secondary metabolism-related genes during seed development

: VviAGL11, the Arabidopsis SEEDSTICK homolog, has been proposed to have a causative role in grapevine stenospermocarpy. An association between a mutation in the coding sequence (CDS) and the seedless phenotype was reported, however, no working mechanisms have been demonstrated yet. We performed a deep investigation of the full VviAGL11 gene sequence in a collection of grapevine varieties belonging to several seedlessness classes that revealed three different promoter-CDS combinations. By investigating the expression of the three VviAGL11 alleles, and by evaluating their ability to activate the promoter region, we observed that VviAGL11 self-activates in a specific promoter-CDS combination manner. Furthermore, by transcriptomic analyses on ovule and developing seeds in seeded and seedless varieties and co-expression approaches, candidate VviAGL11 targets were identified and further validated through luciferase assay and in situ hybridization. We demonstrated that VviAGL11 Wild Type CDS activates Methyl jasmonate esterase and Indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase, both involved in hormone signaling and Isoflavone reductase, involved in secondary metabolism. The dominant-negative effect of the mutated CDS was also functionally ectopically validated in target induction. VviAGL11 was shown to co-localize with its targets in the outer seed coat integument, supporting its direct involvement in seed development, possibly by orchestrating the crosstalk among MeJA, auxin, and isoflavonoids synthesis. In conclusion, the VviAGL11 expression level depends on the promoter-CDS allelic combination, and this will likely affect its ability to activate important triggers of the seed coat development. The dominant-negative effect of the mutated VviAGL11 CDS on the target genes activation was molecularly validated. A new regulatory mechanism correlating VviAGL11 haplotype assortment and seedlessness class in grapevine is proposed

Molecular, genetic and transcriptional evidence for a role of VvAGL11 in stenospermocarpic seedlessness in grapevine

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Stenospermocarpy is a mechanism through which certain genotypes of <it>Vitis vinifera </it>L. such as Sultanina produce berries with seeds reduced in size. Stenospermocarpy has not yet been characterized at the molecular level.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Genetic and physical maps were integrated with the public genomic sequence of <it>Vitis vinifera </it>L. to improve QTL analysis for seedlessness and berry size in experimental progeny derived from a cross of two seedless genotypes. Major QTLs co-positioning for both traits on chromosome 18 defined a 92-kb confidence interval. Functional information from model species including <it>Vitis </it>suggested that <it>VvAGL11</it>, included in this confidence interval, might be the main positional candidate gene responsible for seed and berry development.</p> <p>Characterization of <it>VvAGL11 </it>at the sequence level in the experimental progeny identified several SNPs and INDELs in both regulatory and coding regions. In association analyses performed over three seasons, these SNPs and INDELs explained up to 78% and 44% of the phenotypic variation in seed and berry weight, respectively. Moreover, genetic experiments indicated that the regulatory region has a larger effect on the phenotype than the coding region. Transcriptional analysis lent additional support to the putative role of <it>VvAGL11's </it>regulatory region, as its expression is abolished in seedless genotypes at key stages of seed development. These results transform <it>VvAGL11 </it>into a functional candidate gene for further analyses based on genetic transformation.</p> <p>For breeding purposes, intragenic markers were tested individually for marker assisted selection, and the best markers were those closest to the transcription start site.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We propose that <it>VvAGL11 </it>is the major functional candidate gene for seedlessness, and we provide experimental evidence suggesting that the seedless phenotype might be caused by variations in its promoter region. Current knowledge of the function of its orthologous genes, its expression profile in <it>Vitis </it>varieties and the strong association between its sequence variation and the degree of seedlessness together indicate that the D-lineage MADS-box gene <it>VvAGL11 </it>corresponds to the <it>Seed Development Inhibitor locus </it>described earlier as a major locus for seedlessness. These results provide new hypotheses for further investigations of the molecular mechanisms involved in seed and berry development.</p

Construction of reference chromosome-scale pseudomolecules for potato: integrating the potato genome with genetic and physical maps

The genome of potato, a major global food crop, was recently sequenced. The work presented here details the integration of the potato reference genome (DM) with a new STS marker based linkage map and other physical and genetic maps of potato and the closely related species tomato. Primary anchoring of the DM genome assembly was accomplished using a diploid segregating population, which was genotyped with several types of molecular genetic markers to construct a new ~936 cM linkage map comprising 2,469 marker loci. In silico anchoring approaches employed genetic and physical maps from the diploid potato genotype RH and tomato. This combined approach has allowed 951 superscaffolds to be ordered into pseudomolecules corresponding to the 12 potato chromosomes. These pseudomolecules represent 674 Mb (~93%) of the 723 Mb genome assembly and 37,482 (~96%) of the 39,031 predicted genes. The superscaffold order and orientation within the pseudomolecules is closely collinear with independently constructed high density linkage maps. Comparisons between marker distribution and physical location reveal regions of greater and lesser recombination, as well as regions exhibiting significant segregation distortion. The work presented here has led to a greatly improved ordering of the potato reference genome superscaffolds into chromosomal 'pseudomolecules'.Fil: Carboni, Martín Federico. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: D'ambrosio, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional San Cristobal de Huamanga. Laboratorio de Genética y Biotecnología Vegetal; PerúFil: Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar. The James Hutton Institute; Reino UnidoFil: Bolser, Daniel. University of Dundee; Reino UnidoFil: de Boer, Jan. Wageningen University & Researc; Países BajosFil: Sønderkær, Mads . Aalborg University; DinamarcaFil: Amoros, Walter. International Potato Center; PerúFil: de la Cruz, Germán. Universidad Nacional San Cristobal de Huamanga; PerúFil: Di Genova, Alex. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Douches, David S.. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Eguiluz, Maria. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Guo, Xiao. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; ChinaFil: Guzman, Frank. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Hackett, Christine A.. Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland; Reino UnidoFil: Hamilton, John P.. Crops Environment and Land Use Programme; IrlandaFil: Li, Guangcun. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; ChinaFil: Li, Ying. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research; Nueva ZelandaFil: Lozano, Roberto. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Maass, Alejandro. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Marshall, David. The James Hutton Institute; Reino UnidoFil: Martinez, Diana. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: McLean, Karen. The James Hutton Institute; Reino UnidoFil: Mejía, Nilo. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Centro Regional de Investigación La Platina; ChileFil: Milne, Linda. The James Hutton Institute; Reino UnidoFil: Munive, Susan. International Potato Center; PerúFil: Nagy, Istvan. Crops Environment and Land Use Programme; IrlandaFil: Ponce, Olga. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Ramirez, Manuel. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Simon, Reinhard. International Potato Center; PerúFil: Thomson, Susan J.. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Chin

Understanding the key preharvest factors determining ‘Packham’s Triumph’ pear heterogeneity and impact in superficial scald development and control

Although superficial scald (SS) is well characterized on apples, there is still few information regarding the influence that initial fruit’s maturity heterogeneity may have on the development of this disorder on pears. In this study we aimed to understand the effect of growing season and site, harvest maturity, and their interaction with postharvest treatments on superficial scald development. Pears (Pyrus communis L.) cv ‘Packham’s Triumph’ were picked during three consecutive seasons at three harvest maturities (H1, H2, H3) from different commercial orchards. Different SS control treatments (DPA vs. 1-MCP; season # 2) and storage scenarios (RA, CA and RA + stepwise cooling (SWC); season # 3) were evaluated. Bioclimatic indices, superficial scald incidence, maturity indices and biochemical analysis associated with SS were carried out at harvest and periodically postharvest in all treatments. In general, bioclimatic indexes (GDA and HL10) were poorly correlated with SS incidence. Only in season #1, harvest maturity was positively correlated with SS after 140 and 180 d into storage (rs = 0.621* and 0.620*, respectively), the more mature fruit being more sensitive. The opposite was observed in season #3, and no pattern in season #2. There was a good and positive correlation between CTols dynamic (δCTols/δt) and SS development, with variation between seasons. DPA and 1-MCP effectively reduced SS up to 180 d regardless of years and orchard location. In contrast, the beneficial effect of CA storage was orchard dependent and SWC strategy did not control SS and affected fruit quality. Collectively our results suggest that initial fruit heterogeneity at harvest is an important factor that modulate SS development in ‘Packham triumph pears. Climatic and fruit maturity indexes are not reliable for a multi-year prediction of SS development. In contrast to CA storage that reduced the disorder in an orchard dependent manner, 1-MCP and DPA treatments effectively controlled SS independently of initial fruit heterogeneity.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Methyl Jasmonate Applications in Viticulture: A Tool to Increase the Content of Flavonoids and Stilbenes in Grapes and Wines

Recently, the interest in methyl jasmonate (MeJ) has increased in viticulture due to its effects on the synthesis of phenolic secondary metabolites in grapes, especially of anthocyanins, flavonols, and stilbenes derivatives, naturally occurring or synthesized, in berries in response to MeJ application to grapevines. These metabolites help to define sensory characteristics of wines by contributing to their color, flavor and mouthfeel properties, and to derive potential beneficial health effects due to their consumption. This review offers an overview of the importance of these phenolic compounds in grape and wine quality, in association with the MeJ supplementation to grapevines, and also considers their natural biosynthesis in grapes. On the other hand, this review describes the adaptation mechanisms induced after the grapevine elicitation. In addition, this report addresses the effects of MeJ over other aspects of Vitis immunity and its association with phenolic compounds and summarizes the recently published reports about the effects of exogenous MeJ applications to grapevines on grape and wine quality

The Transcriptional factor ZEB1 represses Syndecan 1 expression in prostate cancer

Syndecan 1 (SDC-1) is a cell surface proteoglycan with a significant role in cell adhesion, maintaining epithelial integrity. SDC1 expression is inversely related to aggressiveness in prostate cancer (PCa). During epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), loss of epithelial markers is mediated by transcriptional repressors such as SNAIL, SLUG, or ZEB1/2 that bind to E-box promoter sequences of specific genes. The effect of these repressors on SDC-1 expression remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that SNAIL, SLUG and ZEB1 expressions are increased in advanced PCa, contrarily to SDC-1. SNAIL, SLUG and ZEB1 also showed an inversion to SDC-1 in prostate cell lines. ZEB1, but not SNAIL or SLUG, represses SDC-1 as demonstrated by experiments of ectopic expression in epithelial prostate cell lines. Inversely, expression of ZEB1 shRNA in PCa cell line increased SDC-1 expression. The effect of ZEB1 is transcriptional since ectopic expression of this gene represses SDC-1 promoter activity and ZEB1 binds to the SDC-1 promoter as detected by ChIP assays. An epigenetic mark associated to transcription repression H3K27me3 was bound to the same sites that ZEB1. In conclusion, this study identifies ZEB1 as a key repressor of SDC-1 during PCa progression and point to ZEB1 as a potentially diagnostic marker for PCa.This work was supported by the following grants: FONDECYT N° 1110269 and 1151214 (HRC), FONDECYT N° 1140417 (EAC), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER (SAF2016-76461-R) (AGH). MECESUP scholarship, CONICYT scholarship N° 21140772 and the Scholarship for short residencies of the University of Chile (2014)

The Transcriptional factor ZEB1 represses Syndecan 1 expression in prostate cancer

Syndecan 1 (SDC-1) is a cell surface proteoglycan with a significant role in cell adhesion, maintaining epithelial integrity. SDC1 expression is inversely related to aggressiveness in prostate cancer (PCa). During epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), loss of epithelial markers is mediated by transcriptional repressors such as SNAIL, SLUG, or ZEB1/2 that bind to E-box promoter sequences of specific genes. The effect of these repressors on SDC-1 expression remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that SNAIL, SLUG and ZEB1 expressions are increased in advanced PCa, contrarily to SDC-1. SNAIL, SLUG and ZEB1 also showed an inversion to SDC-1 in prostate cell lines. ZEB1, but not SNAIL or SLUG, represses SDC-1 as demonstrated by experiments of ectopic expression in epithelial prostate cell lines. Inversely, expression of ZEB1 shRNA in PCa cell line increased SDC-1 expression. The effect of ZEB1 is transcriptional since ectopic expression of this gene represses SDC-1 promoter activity and ZEB1 binds to the SDC-1 promoter as detected by ChIP assays. An epigenetic mark associated to transcription repression H3K27me3 was bound to the same sites that ZEB1. In conclusion, this study identifies ZEB1 as a key repressor of SDC-1 during PCa progression and point to ZEB1 as a potentially diagnostic marker for PCa.This work was supported by the following grants: FONDECYT N° 1110269 and 1151214 (HRC), FONDECYT N° 1140417 (EAC), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER (SAF2016-76461-R) (AGH). MECESUP scholarship, CONICYT scholarship N° 21140772 and the Scholarship for short residencies of the University of Chile (2014)

Contrasting grapevines grafted into naturalized rootstock suggest scion-driven transcriptomic changes in response to water deficit

Viticulture is facing water deficit problems related to climate change, new extremes in heat and precipitation regimes and drought events. Rootstocks use was assessed as strategy for enhancing performance of Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Syrah (Sy) under water deficit. Vines were grafted onto naturalized grapevines selected from hyper-arid Chile, and compared to own-grafted and commercial Ruggeri 140. Plants were submitted to optimal (100 % ETc) and deficit (30 % ETc) irrigation throughout two seasons at field conditions. Functional traits along both seasons were determined. Water deficit reduced all growth and physiological traits especially in CS. R32 rootstock induced significantly higher values for most traits irrespective of cv and seasons associated to higher root growth. Transcriptomic analysis was further performed in both cultivars grafted over R32 rootstock by RNA-Seq, determining that gene up-regulation extent was higher in Sy. More stable transcriptional landscape was determined in CS than Sy, which might be linked to its hydric strategy. Unexpectedly, major differences in transcriptional behaviour were detected in R32 rootstock, revealing major transcriptional changes occurring at root level, suggesting scion-driven transcriptional regulation in response to stress. Finally, R32 rootstock can be considered for both near iso and anisohydric grapevines as adaptive strategy for climate constrains.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia CONICYT-Fondecyt Regular 1140039 2014/INIA Institute de Investigaciones Agropecuarias - INI