O construtivismo e a inserção do movimento de gênero na agenda de discussão internacional

As Relações Internacionais (RI) passam, desde o fim da Guerra Fria, por mudanças que, muitas vezes, as teorias tradicionais não conseguem explicar ou acabam simplificando a realidade existente para se encaixar em seus paradigmas. Principalmente, devido a essas mudanças de realidade em RI, as teorias tradicionais conflitam-se com as mais modernas. Alguns exemplos de mudanças são a maior desaprovação do uso legítimo da força como forma de linguagem política entre os Estados e o surgimento de novos atores relevantes na sociedade internacional que vão além do Estado no ambiente global anárquico. Pontos esses que incitam análises mais contemporâneas do campo de RI. A presente monografia tem como objetivo, então, tentar entender, por meio da teoria Construtivista, os motivos pelos quais a questão de gênero não é colocada em um patamar de importância similar a outros assuntos permeadores de RI, como a economia. Para complementar esse propósito, traz-se como auxiliador a influência dos movimentos sociais através da mobilização da sociedade civil. Esses demonstram a importância da ação coletiva dos indivíduos no intuito de priorizar os temas de interesses setorizados representados pelos Estados e dentro da comunidade internacional

Gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the intestinal innate immune response

In the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, distinct types of cells, including epithelial cells and macrophages, collaborate to eliminate ingested pathogens while striving to preserve the commensal microbiota. The underlying innate immune response is driven by significant gene expression changes in each cell, and recent work has provided novel insights into the gene regulatory mechanisms that mediate such transcriptional changes. These mechanisms differ from those underlying the canonical cellular differentiation model in which a sequential deposition of DNA methylation and histone modification marks progressively restricts the chromatin landscape. Instead, inflammatory macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells appear to largely rely on transcription factors that explore an accessible chromatin landscape to generate dynamic stimulus-specific and spatial-specific physiological responses

cis-Regulatory Requirements for Tissue-Specific Programs of the Circadian Clock

SummaryBackgroundBroadly expressed transcriptions factors (TFs) control tissue-specific programs of gene expression through interactions with local TF networks. A prime example is the circadian clock: although the conserved TFs CLOCK (CLK) and CYCLE (CYC) control a transcriptional circuit throughout animal bodies, rhythms in behavior and physiology are generated tissue specifically. Yet, how CLK and CYC determine tissue-specific clock programs has remained unclear.ResultsHere, we use a functional genomics approach to determine the cis-regulatory requirements for clock specificity. We first determine CLK and CYC genome-wide binding targets in heads and bodies by ChIP-seq and show that they have distinct DNA targets in the two tissue contexts. Computational dissection of CLK/CYC context-specific binding sites reveals sequence motifs for putative partner factors, which are predictive for individual binding sites. Among them, we show that the opa and GATA motifs, differentially enriched in head and body binding sites respectively, can be bound by OPA and SERPENT (SRP). They act synergistically with CLK/CYC in the Drosophila feedback loop, suggesting that they help to determine their direct targets and therefore orchestrate tissue-specific clock outputs. In addition, using in vivo transgenic assays, we validate that GATA motifs are required for proper tissue-specific gene expression in the adult fat body, midgut, and Malpighian tubules, revealing a cis-regulatory signature for enhancers of the peripheral circadian clock.ConclusionsOur results reveal how universal clock circuits can regulate tissue-specific rhythms and, more generally, provide insights into the mechanism by which universal TFs can be modulated to drive tissue-specific programs of gene expression

Rhythmic expression of the cycle gene in a hematophagous insect vector

BACKGROUND: A large number of organisms have internal circadian clocks that enable them to adapt to the cyclic changes of the external environment. In the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, feedback loops of transcription and translation are believed to be crucial for the maintenance of the central pacemaker. In this mechanism the cycle (or bmal1) gene, which is constitutively expressed, plays a critical role activating the expression of genes that will later inhibit their own activity, thereby closing the loop. Unlike Drosophila, the molecular clock of insect vectors is poorly understood, despite the importance of circadian behavior in the dynamic of disease transmission. RESULTS: Here we describe the sequence, genomic organization and circadian expression of cycle in the crepuscular/nocturnal hematophagous sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. Deduced amino acid sequence revealed that sandfly cycle has a C-terminal transactivation domain highly conserved among eukaryotes but absent in D. melanogaster. Moreover, an alternative form of the transcript was also identified. Interestingly, while cycle expression in Drosophila and other Diptera is constitutive, in sandflies it is rhythmic in males and female heads but constitutive in the female body. Blood-feeding, which causes down-regulation of period and timeless in this species, does not affect cycle expression. CONCLUSION: Sequence and expression analysis of cycle in L. longipalpis show interesting differences compared to Drosophila suggesting that hematophagous vector species might present interesting new models to study the molecular control of insect circadian clocks

Qualidade das interações entre professor e alunos na sala de aula de língua estrangeira

Este trabalho trata da análise da qualidade das interações entre professor(a) e alunos numa sala de aula de Língua Estrangeira (Inglês). A turma que acompanhamos tem faixa etária entre 11 e 12 anos e cursa, no momento da pesquisa, o 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Essa escola tem um diferencial: o ensino de línguas é terceirizado, isto é, um instituto de idiomas é contratado especificamente para ensinar inglês. Com o intuito de realizar esta pesquisa, após observarmos e gravarmos quatro aulas da professora participante da pesquisa, selecionamos uma aula “típica” e analisamos os tipos de interações presentes e sua qualidade. A análise que fizemos contou com anotações de campo, com uma entrevista junto à professora e com a transcrição das aulas observadas. Assim, esta pesquisa de natureza qualitativa ”” um estudo de caso ”” e de caráter interpretativista, visa revelar os tipos de interação flagrados no contexto em foco, bem como suas qualidades relativas. Os turnos, na sua grande maioria produzidos na língua-alvo, caracterizaram-se por serem massivamente do tipo IRA (iniciação-resposta-avaliação), típico de uma relação formal focada no estudo da forma da língua. As interações soam engessadas, pré-fabricadas, resultando num envolvimento precário dos aprendizes com poucas chances de aquisição

Transplantes hematológicos e seleção genética em projetos parentais

This article is intended to analyze assisted parenthood projects aimed at the reproduction of an individual who is compatible with a recipient affected by hematological disease with indication for transplantation. This research was constructed from a medical and legal analysis, based on the need of clarifications belonging to both spheres of Science. The aim is to understand whether the decision of seeking programed birth of someone for the benefit of someone else degrades the rights of the human person, expressed by the constitutional concept of human dignity. For this, the access to medical knowledge was considered as relevant assumption, involving the understanding of transplantation indicators, genetic selection conducted by the therapeutic argument, and the subsequent evaluation of the motivations leading to assisted reproduction. The research is theoretical, adopting the analytical-discursive method.O artigo destina-se à análise de projetos parentais assistidos voltados à reprodução de indivíduo compatível com receptor que possui doença hematológica com indicação de transplante. A pesquisa foi construída a partir de uma análise médico-jurídica, com base na constatação da necessidade de esclarecimentos que pertencem às duas esferas da ciência. Como objetivo, buscou-se identificar se a reprodução programada de alguém para benefício de outrem avilta os direitos da pessoa, expressos no sentido constitucional de dignidade humana. Para isso, teve-se como pressuposto relevante o acesso a conhecimentos de natureza médica, que envolveram a compreensão dos indicadores de transplantes e da seleção genética conduzida pelo argumento terapêutico, para, posteriormente, adentrar a avaliação das motivações relacionadas à realização do procedimento assistido de reprodução. A pesquisa tem natureza teórica, adotando o método analítico-discursivo

Influence of metal alloy and the profile of coronary stents in patients with multivessel coronary disease

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, despite the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology, the National Health System has not yet approved the use of drug-eluting stents. In percutaneous coronary interventions performed in the public and part of the private health care system, bare metal stents are used as the only option. Therefore, new information on bare metal stents is of great importance. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the influence of the alloy and the profile of coronary stents on late loss and restenosis rates 6 months after implantation in patients with multivessel coronary disease. METHODS: Single center, randomized and prospective study comparison of cobalt-chromium versus stainless steel stent implantation in 187 patients with multivessel coronary disease. At least one cobalt-chromium and one stainless steel stent were implanted per patient. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 59.5 + 10.1 years with a prevalence of males (66.3%) and patients with acute coronary syndrome (56%). Baseline clinical characteristics were similar with hypertension in 146 (78%), dyslipidemia in 85 (45.5%) and diabetes in 68 (36.4%). Two hundred and twenty-nine cobalt-chromium and 284 stainless steel stents were implanted. Angiographic variables showed no statistically significant difference. Angiographic follow-up to 6 months after implantation showed similar late loss and restenosis rates. CONCLUSION: The use of two different alloys, stainless steel and cobalt-chrome stents, in the same patient and in the same vessel produced similar 6-month restenosis and late loss rates

Influence of metal alloy and the profile of coronary stents in patients with multivessel coronary disease

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, despite the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology, the National Health System has not yet approved the use of drug-eluting stents. In percutaneous coronary interventions performed in the public and part of the private health care system, bare metal stents are used as the only option. Therefore, new information on bare metal stents is of great importance. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the influence of the alloy and the profile of coronary stents on late loss and restenosis rates 6 months after implantation in patients with multivessel coronary disease. METHODS: Single center, randomized and prospective study comparison of cobalt-chromium versus stainless steel stent implantation in 187 patients with multivessel coronary disease. At least one cobalt-chromium and one stainless steel stent were implanted per patient. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 59.5 + 10.1 years with a prevalence of males (66.3%) and patients with acute coronary syndrome (56%). Baseline clinical characteristics were similar with hypertension in 146 (78%), dyslipidemia in 85 (45.5%) and diabetes in 68 (36.4%). Two hundred and twenty-nine cobalt-chromium and 284 stainless steel stents were implanted. Angiographic variables showed no statistically significant difference. Angiographic follow-up to 6 months after implantation showed similar late loss and restenosis rates. CONCLUSION: The use of two different alloys, stainless steel and cobalt-chrome stents, in the same patient and in the same vessel produced similar 6-month restenosis and late loss rates

New molecular markers for phlebotomine sand flies

Using degenerate-primers PCR we isolated and sequenced fragments from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis homologous to two behavioural genes in Drosophila, cacophony and period. In addition we identified a number of other gene fragments that show homology to genes previously cloned in Drosophila. A codon usage table for L. longipalpis based on these and other genes was calculated. These new molecular markers will be useful in population genetics and evolutionary studies in phlebotomine sand flies and in establishing a preliminary genetic map in these important leishmaniasis vectors.info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio