Macroeconomic impacts of derivative markets

Cataloged from PDF version of article.There has been much debate over the effect of financial development on economic growth and well-being. A conclusion has not been reached yet; some of the works assert that the level of financial development leads to sounder macroeconomic conditions, whereas some others hold opposing views. Another line of literature concentrates on the relation between the level of existing uncertainty and the level of investment. There are again controversial conclusions reached regarding this relationship; some argue that the level of uncertainty has a negative effect on investment, whereas some argue that the correlation between these two variables is positive. In this paper, the assertions of these two different lines of the literature will be linked under a single heading, the derivative markets. This paper will analyze the effect of the existence and growth rate of the derivative market volume on the standard of living of individuals under the framework first constructed by Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992).Polat, Mehtap BeyzaM.S

INHERITED THROMBOPHILIA IN TURKISH WOMEN, AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ISCHEMIC PLACENTAL DISEASES

We aim to elucidate the link between inherited thrombophilias andpregnancies complicated with ischemic placental diseases, in Turkishwomen. This is a case control study comprising 140 women with ischemicplacental disease and 60 uncomplicated pregnant women. Parametersincluding haemoglobin, platelet count, uric acid, vitamin B12, folic acid,copper, homocysteine, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, proteinS, protein C, activated protein C resistance values were significantly changedin women with ischemic placental disease when compared to those withnormal pregnancies.The association between thrombophilia and ischemic pregnancy diseases isstronger than suggested previously. Furthermore, copper is selectivelyelevated in complicated pregnancies

New CagL amino acid polymorphism patterns of helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia

Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. The H. pylori Type 4 secretion system (T4SS) translocates the CagA protein into host cells and plays an essential role in initiating gastric carcinogenesis. The CagL protein is a component of the T4SS. CagL amino acid polymorphisms are correlated with clinical outcomes. We aimed to study the association between CagL amino acid polymorphisms and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). Materials and Methods: A total of 99 patients (PUD, 46; NUD, 53) were enrolled and screened for H. pylori by qPCR from antrum biopsy samples. The amino acid polymorphisms of CagL were analyzed using DNA sequencing, followed by the MAFFT sequence alignment program to match the amino acid sequences. Results: Antrum biopsy samples from 70 out of 99 (70.7%) patients were found to be H. pylori DNA-positive. A positive band for cagL was detected in 42 out of 70 samples (PUD, 23; NUD, 19), and following this, these 42 samples were sequenced. In total, 27 different polymorphisms were determined. We determined three CagL amino acid polymorphism combinations, which were determined to be associated with PUD and NUD. Pattern 1 (K35/N122/V134/T175/R194/E210) was only detected in PUD patient samples and was related to a 1.35-fold risk (p = 0.02). Patterns 2 (V41/I134) and 3 (V41/K122/A171/I174) were found only in NUD patient samples and were linked to a 1.26-fold increased risk (p = 0.03). Conclusions: We observed three new patterns associated with PUD and NUD. Pattern 1 is related to PUD, and the other two patterns (Patterns 2 and 3) are related to NUD. The patterns that we identified include the remote polymorphisms of the CagL protein, which is a new approach. These patterns may help to understand the course of H. pylori infection.Istanbul Aydin University Scientific Research Projects Uni

Comparative review of the 5th grade social studies course books published in accordance with the 2005 and 2017 social studies curriculum

Yüksek Lisans TeziBu çalışmanın amacı; 2005 yılı Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı'na göre oluşturulan 2014 yılı 5. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitabı ile 2017 yılında yenilenen Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı'na göre oluşturulan 5. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitaplarını, biçimsel özellikler, görsel kaynaklar, ölçme-değerlendirme gibi inceleme kriterlerine göre karşılaştırarak bahsedilen bu ders kitaplarında zamana ve koşullara göre yaşanan değişimler, yenilikler, farklılıklar ve varsa eksiklikler ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca ülkemizde uygulanmakta olan Sosyal Bilgiler kapsamındaki ders kitaplarına ilişkin birtakım yeni fikirlerin oluşması ve uygulanması da amaç edinilmiştir. Çalışma nitel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın kaynak ve materyallerini 2005 yılı Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı'na göre oluşturulan 2014 yılı 5. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitabı ve 2017 yılında yenilenen Sosyal Bilgiler öğretim programına göre oluşturulan 2017 yılı 5. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitabı oluşturmaktadır. MEB yayınlarına ait ders kitaplarından elde edilen bilgiler "Doküman İncelemesi" yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak araştırmada ele alınan ders kitaplarının biçimsel özellikler, görsel kaynaklar ve ölçme değerlendirme boyutları bakımından farklı özelliklerinin olduğu ancak bazı benzerlikler de içerdiği saptanmıştır. Özellikle 2017 yılı 5. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitabına yansıyan birtakım olumlu gelişmeler mevcuttur. Nitekim ilgili ders kitabının kuşe kâğıt baskıya sahip olması, kavram bilgisini destekleyen metni tamamlayıcı fotoğraf kullanımının sayısal artışı, tarih konularının anlatımını destekleyici tarih haritasının kullanımı, öğrencilerin mizah yönünü geliştirici karikatür kullanımının sayısal artışı, ünite sonlarında yer alan kendimi değerlendiriyorum bölümlerinin her birinde kullanılan soru sayısının sayısal artışı, açık uçlu soru sayısının ders kitabı genelinde sayısal artışı tespit edilen olumlu özelliklerin başında gelmektedir. Her iki ders kitabının incelenmesi sonucu tespit edilen farklılıklara dayanarak, MEB tarafından yayınlanacak olan 5. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitaplarına yönelik şu öneriler getirilmiştir: Ders kitaplarının basımevi ve adreslerinin eksiksiz olması, İndeks eklenmesi, belge (pul, mektup, minyatür, gravür vb.) kullanımının artırılması, ders kitaplarının etkileşimli hale getirilerek karekod kullanılması, sanal müze uygulamalarına yer verilmesi; 2014 yılı 5.sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitabında yer alan kavramlar bölümünün kullanılmaya devam edilmesi, kavram karikatürü kullanımının artırılması; ders kitaplarında kullanılan resim ve fotoğrafların süsleyici öğe olmaktan çıkartılarak öğrenciler için daha işlevsel hale getirilmesi, üst düzey düşünme becerilerinin gelişimine katkı sunacak olan yaratıcı, eleştirici resim türlerinin artırılması; ders kitaplarında kullanılacak haritaların, haritalarda bulunması gereken özellikler dikkate alınarak tasarlanması ve ders kitaplarının en arka bölümüne yerleştirilecek içe katlanabilir özellikte bir dünya siyasi haritasının yerleştirilmesi; tarihi belge niteliğindeki gazete haberi kullanımına önem verilmesi; ders kitaplarında internet haberi kullanım oranına dikkat edilmesi; sayısal verilerin görselleştirilmesinde grafik türlerinin kullanımına yer verilmesi; ders kitaplarının ünite ve öğrenme alanı sonlarında yer alan kendimi değerlendiriyorum bölümündeki soru sayısı oranlarına dikkat edilmesi ayrıca kullanılan soru türlerinin öğrencilerin yaratıcılıklarını ortaya çıkartacak, daha üst düzey düşünme becerilerine göre hazırlanması noktasında ders kitaplarının geliştirilmesi önerilebilir.The purpose of this study is in 2014 5th grade Social Studies course book created in accordance with the 2005 Social studies curriculum and the 5th grade Social Studies course book that created according to the Social Studies curriculum renovated in 2017 changes, innovations, differences and deficiencies, if any, are tried to be revealed according to time and conditions by comparing them in terms of Formal Features, Visual Resources and Measurement Evaluations. In addition, it is aimed to form and implement some new ideas about the course books in the Social Studies that are being used in our country. The study is a qualitative research. Sources and materials of the research are the 2014 5th grade Social Studies course book that created according to the 2005 Social studies curriculum and the 5th grade Social Studies course book that created according to the Social Studies curriculum renovated in 2017. Data which is obtained from the books belong to MEB publications are acquired by "Document Review" technique. For data analysis descriptive analysis technique is used. As a result it has been determined that there are different features of the course books reviewed in the research in terms of formal features, visual resources and assessment and evaluation dimensions but they also include some similarities. Especially there are some positive developments reflected in the 2017 5th grade Social Studies course book. As a matter of fact, the fact that the related course book has coated paper printing, numerical increase in the use of complementary photographs supporting the concept knowledge text, use of the history map supporting the narration of history subjects, numerical increase in the use of cartoons that improve students' sense of humour, numerical increase in the number of questions used in the I assess myself sections at the end of the unit, numerical increase of the number of open-ended questions throughout the course book are among the positive features identified. Based on the differences detected as a result of examining both of the course books the following suggestions were made for the 5th grade Social Studies course books to be published by MEB: Course book publishers and addresses to be complete, adding index, increasing document (stamp, letter, miniature, engraving etc.) usage, using the QR code by making course books interactive, to include virtual museum applications; to continue using the concepts section in the 2014 5th grade Social Studies course book, increasing the se of concept cartoons; making pictures and photographs used in course books more functional for students by removing them from decorative elements, increasing creative and critical painting types that will contribute to the development of high level thinking skills; designing the maps to be used in course books by considering the features that should be included in the maps and placing a foldable world political map to be placed at the back of the course books; attaching importance of the use of newspaper articles as historical documents, making a point of the use of internet news in course book, giving a place to use of graph types in visualization of numerical data, including more use of documents in course books, giving attention to the ratio of the number of questions in the self-assessment section in the course books at the end of the unit and learning area in addition, developing course books to prepare the question types according to high level thinking skills that will reveal the creativity of students can be suggested

Determining the Knowledge Level of the Community On Brucellosis and its Prevention

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge level of the community living in Erzurum on brucellosis and its prevention. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in seven different villages of the city of Erzurum, where stock breeding is highly common, with 112 participants between April 5th and 10th April 5-10, 2014. For the gathering of data, a questionnaire consisting of questions aiming at determining the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, involvement levels in stock breeding, and knowledge on brucellosis was used. The aim of the study was explained to all participants and all necessary offi cial permissions were obtained. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 15 Pack using frequencies test. Results: Results revealed that out of all the participants, 85.7% were involved in livestock care, 77.7% did both livestockcare and milking, 38.4% produced dairy products, and 79.5% did not use gloves when coming in contact with the animals’ bodily fluids, and that the consumption of unpasteurized milk anddairy products was quite high. Conclusion: It is crucial that the awareness of the community must be increased and necessary precautions should be taken in order to eradicate brucellosis

Live Birth Rates in Various Subgroups of Poor Ovarian Responders Fulfilling the Bologna Criteria

The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology published Bologna criteria to generate a definition of poor ovarian responders IPORsI. However, there are few data on whether PORs are homogenous for ovarian response or live birth rates ILBRsI. In this retrospective study, 821 patients fulfilling Bologna criteria and undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection were stratified into four groups: Group A: female age >= 40 with a previous poor response [cycle cancelled or oocytesl (105 patients, 123 cycles); Group B: female age >= 40 with an antral follicle count IAFCI = 40 with an AFC <7 and previous poor response (207 patients, 30b cycles). Cluster data analysis was performed. Although median number of oocytes was higher in Group B (P< 0.001), higher implantation (P = 0.024) and LBR per embryo transfer (P < 0.001) or cycle (P = 0.001) were noted in Group C. We conclude that, once a patient fulfils Bologna criteria, prognosis is poor, with fewer than 10% recorded LBRs per cycle. However, the LBRs are not homogenous and 'young proven' PORs have the most favourable pregnancy outcome. (C) 2017 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.WoSScopu

Overview of ovarian torsion

Over torsiyonu nadir görülen ancak ciddi sonuçlara yol açabilecek jinekolojik acillerden biridir. Over torsiyonu tanısı her zaman kolay olmamaktadır. Gri skala ultrasonografi (USG) her ne kadar over torsiyonu için özgün bulgular ortaya koymasa da ilk başvurulan görüntüleme yöntemidir. Doppler USG ile kan akımının gösterilmiş olması over torsiyonu tanısını ekarte ettirmese de, kan akımınının belirlenmemesi tanıyı destekleyici bulgulardandır. Cerrahi öncesi over torsiyonu tanısında güvenilirliği ve duyarlılığı yüksek serum belirteci henüz tanımlanmamıştır. Hızlı tanı ve cerrahi tedavi, hastanın fertilitesinin; overinin korunmasının temelidir. Bu derlemenin amacı over torsiyonu konusunda genel değerlendirme yapmaktır.Torsion of the ovary is rare but serious cause of gynecologic emergency. Diagnosis of ovarian torsion (OT) is difficult. Ultrasonography has no specific finding for diagnosis of OT, it is initial imaging technique. Presence of vascular flow detected by doppler USG doesn’t exclude diagnosis of OT but, absence of vascular flow is suspicious for diagnosis. The main challenge about diagnosis is that many of patients undergo surgery without confirmed diagnosis while rapid clinical workup and surgical treatment are keys to preserve fertility. Specific biomarkers supporting diagnosis of OT aren’t currently available. Aim of article is to make an overview of OT

Preparation of Endometrium for Frozen Embryo Replacement Cycles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the best protocol to prepare endometrium for frozen embryo replacement (FER) cycles. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Following PubMed and OvidSP search, a total of 1166 studies published after 1990 were identified following removal of duplicates. Following exclusion of studies not matching our inclusion criteria, a total of 33 studies were analyzed. Primary outcome measure was live birth. The following protocols, including true natural cycle (tNC), modified natural cycle (mNC), artificial cycle (AC) with or without suppression, and mild ovarian stimulation (OS) with gonadotropin (Gn) or aromatase inhibitor (AI), were compared. No statistically significant difference for both clinical pregnancy and live birth was noted between tNC and mNC groups. When tNC and AC without suppression groups are compared, there was a statistically significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate in favor of tNC, whereas it failed to reach statistical significance for live birth. When tNC and AC with suppression groups are compared, there was a statistically significant difference in live birth rate favoring the latter. Similar pregnancy outcome was noted among mNC versus AC with or without suppression groups. Similarly, no difference in clinical pregnancy and live birth was noted when ACs with or without suppression groups are compared. There is no consistent superiority of any endometrial preparation for FER. However, mNC has several advantages (being patient-friendly; yielding at least equivalent or better pregnancy rates when compared with tNC and AC with or without suppression; may not require LPS). Mild OS with Gn or AI may be promising.Wo