Finite element modelling of stress field perturbations and interseismic crustal deformation in the Val d'Agri region, southern Apennines, Italy

The Val d'Agri area provides the opportunity to analyse active structures in a seismic region for which a large amount of subsurface data is available. This area, which was struck in 1857 by one of the most destructive earthquakes in Italy (MW = 7.03), represents a unique natural laboratory to gain new insights into geometry, modes and rates of faulting controlling crustal deformation in an actively extending orogen. In this study, a crustal geological section through the southern Apennines is discretized into a finite element model (FEM). We present a 2D elastoplastic FEM that reproduces stress perturbations and strain field around the Val d'Agri active fault system. The influence of fault strand activity on interseismic crustal deformation is tested by a series of computer models, whose predictions are compared with the horizontal velocity components of continuous GPS sites in the region and with stress directions and geological data. The best fit with available geological and geophysical constraints is obtained with a 300 km long, 29 km deep model formed by a multilayer including three components having different rheological characteristics and including several shallow, locked fault segments, which branch into a freely slipping major basement fault at depth. Finite element modelling provides new insights into the controversial and widely debated active tectonic setting of the study area, pointing out the fundamental role played by a structural reactivation process involving inherited, long-lived, mature fault systems at depth. Our FEM, reconciling apparently contrasting geological and geophysical constraints from the study area, points to maximum stress build up and strain accumulation at a depth of 15 ± 5 km. Such a depth range is suggested as the most likely one for the nucleation of large events such as the 1857 Val d'Agri earthquak

Normal-fault stress and displacement through finite-element analysis

14 pages, 5 figures. Accepted in Annals of Geophysic

A Waveform Dataset in Continuous Mode of the Montefeltro Seismic Network (MF) in Central-Northern Italy from 2018 to 2020

The Montefeltro seismic network (FDSN Network code: 1S) was deployed in the Apennines area of northern Marche and southern Emilia-Romagna regions (central Italy). A temporary network was set up in December 2018 and continues to operate, with an array consisting of stations equipped with dynamic digitizers and three-component short/extended/broad band seismometers (Guralp CMG/20s and 30s, Lennartz 3D/5s, Sara SS20 3D/0.5s sensors). The network records in continuous mode at 100 sps. The data are used to analyze the seismic activity and the spatiotemporal evolution of small seismic sequences occurring in the considered area and surrounding zones, strongly clustered in time and space. The data of dataset files are mini-seed formatted and subdivided by the following tree: (1) the dataset is divided by years; (2) the dataset is then subdivided by stations; (3) finally, the data are divided by days of each year in every station folder

Active deformation and relief evolution in the western Lurestan region of the Zagros mountain belt: new insights from tectonic geomorphology analysis and finite element modeling

none7noopenBasilici, M.; Ascione, A.; Megna, A.; Santini, S.; Tavani, S.; Valente, E.; Mazzoli, S.Basilici, M.; Ascione, A.; Megna, A.; Santini, S.; Tavani, S.; Valente, E.; Mazzoli, S

thermal structure of the outer northern apennines along the crop 03 profile

In this study, we elaborated a 2D model that reproduces the thermal structure of the central-northern Adriatic offshore and adjacent onshore area of the Italian peninsula. Based on the crustal structure along the trace of the CROP-03 deep section, the geotherms offshore Gabicce (northern Marche region) were obtained by an analytical procedure taking into account the role of thrusting within the sedimentary cover. Basement involvement at depth beneath the neighbouring Mondaino area to the SW, where a crustal thrust ramp dips towards the hinterland, required the use of a different analytical procedure. The results obtained in this study allowed us to define a satisfactory description of the thermal state of the northern Marche coastal area and adjacent Adriatic offshore. These results, integrated with those obtained by previous studies, confirm that the isotherms of 250°C and 400°C are placed in the stable Adriatic lithosphere at depths of about 11 km and 22 km, respectively. Furthermore, the 400°C isotherm is deeper in the onshore area, reaching a depth of about 30 km in the zone comprised between Gabicce and Mondaino, whereas the 250°C isotherm deepens towards the SW along the Adriatic Sea sector, to reach a maximum depth of 13 km in coastal area, rising again at a depth of 11 km in the innermost sector of the studied section

Controls of Radiogenic Heat and Moho Geometry on the Thermal Setting of the Marche Region (Central Italy): An Analytical 3D Geothermal Model

none7sìopenSantini, S.; Basilici, M.; Invernizzi, C.; Jablonska, D.; Mazzoli, S.; Megna, A.; Pierantoni, P.P.Santini, S.; Basilici, M.; Invernizzi, C.; Jablonska, D.; Mazzoli, S.; Megna, A.; Pierantoni, P. P

Italian Guidelines in diagnosis and treatment of alopecia areata

Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder that targets anagen phase hair follicles. The course is unpredictable and current available treatments have variable efficacy. Nowadays, there is relatively little evidence on treatment of AA from well-designed clinical trials. Moreover, none of the treatments or devices commonly used to treat AA are specifically approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The Italian Study Group for Cutaneous Annexial Disease of the Italian Society of dermatology proposes these Italian guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of Alopecia Areata deeming useful for the daily management of the disease. This article summarizes evidence-based treatment associated with expert-based recommendations

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat