МАСКАРАД СКРЫТЫХ ЖЕЛАНИЙ. ПСИХОАНАЛИЗ «TRAUMNOVELLE» АРТУРА ШНИЦЛЕРА

The article provides with psychoanalysis of the story titled Traumnovelle (Rhapsody: A Dream Novel, also known as Dream Story), written by Arthur Schnitzler, representative of the Viennese modernist style, that decodes intricate forms of mental life from unconscious instincts, libido. The reader is exposed to the characters’ affection, that of the therapist Fridolin and his wife Albertina, who play each other up with immodest confessions about their erotic affection. The article uncovers the action mode of the story, which is on the verge between dream and reality, consciousness and unconsciousness, peculiarities of feelings exposure through the characters’ imagination, structurally similar to a dream, is reviewed as well. The article examines the motivational structure of Albertina’s behavior, determined by “primary affection”, activity of her psychics, regulated by “satisfaction principle”, and that of Fridolin, based on “reality principle”, where functional activity is coherent with human needs and external reality conditions. The article investigates the motive of a mask as a symbol of transformation, acquisition of anonymity by losing individuality (Fridolin’s participation in a sado-masochistic orgy at villa of secret society) and as an opposition to the husband real-life adventure – Albertina’s dream, revealing frustration and pleasure from a married woman’s revenge for the imposed role of serving her husband. It is concluded that the art, as well as a dream, makes it possible to get released for some period of time from a social role and a consciousness censorship.KEY WORDS: psychoanalysis, Viennese modern style, dream, reality, consciousness, sub-consciousness, satisfaction principle, reality principle, behavior motivational structure, mask, symbol, frustration, pleasure, social role, consciousness censorship.doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rh.v23i0.179

EFFECT OF ELECTRON IRRADIATION CONDITIONS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF DEFECT FORMATION IN MgAl2 O4 SPINEL

This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Joint Ukrainian – Latvian Project № М/7-2022). The authors are grateful to Ivar E. Reimanis of Colorado School of Mine who provided samples of spinel ceramics. And IEP and IHEPNP high energy electron beam irradiation facilities operators for ensuring stable experimental accelerator beam modes.The efficiency of defect formation in spinel ceramics of magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) under electron irradiation has been determined. A strong effect of cooling on the concentration of residual defects was revealed. When using electrons with energies above the giant dipole resonance for Mg, Al, O and cooling the sample with an air-blown aluminum radiator, a total increase in the efficiency of F-center formation by a factor of 4.3 was obtained. PACS: 61.72.jn; 61.80.Fe. © 2022, National Science Center, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology. All rights reserved.Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine М/7-2022; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2

Učinak ozračivanja elektronima visoke energije na optička svojstva olovnog stakla

Optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of lead silicate glass irradiated by 5- to 10-MeV electrons are studied. High-energy electron irradiation is shown to result in the formation of colour centres generally similar to those being formed by X-ray and γ-radiation. The most probable factors responsible for the non-sensitivity of the photoluminescence of the investigated lead silicate glass to the electron irradiation are discussed.U vidljivom smo području proučavali apsorpciju i fotoluminescentne spektre olovnog stakla ozračenog elektronima energije 5 do 10 MeV. Pokazuje se da to ozračivanje stvara centre boje vrlo slične onima koji se postižu ozračivanjem Xi γ-zračenjem. Raspravljamo o najvjerojatnijim uzrocima neosjetljivosti fotoluminescencije na ozračivanje elektronima

Manipulating Environmental Clutter Reveals Dynamic Active Sensing Strategies in Big Brown Bats

Vocalizing animals confront acoustically challenging conditions in which background noise (clutter) can mask or shift attention away from biologically relevant signals. Echolocating big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) are excellent comparative models for studying how animals differentiate between multiple sound sources in complex acoustic scenes. We trained four big brown bats to fly down an asymmetrical corridor producing distinct clutter echoes from the two sides. While in flight, they were presented with playbacks of exemplars of an echolocation call, a social communication call, or waterfall noise, from one or both sides of this corridor; a silence condition served as a control. We predicted that bats would perceive the playbacks, as indexed by modifications of their vocalizations and shifts in their head aim. Bats completed flights at a high rate of success in all conditions. Although bats produced calls in similar sized sonar sound groups in playback and silent trials, they emitted more echolocation calls and shortened the time intervals between calls in response to playbacks. These comparisons suggest the playbacks increased the perceptual difficulty of the task to some extent. Bats aimed their heads towards the left side of the corridor where clutter echoes were acoustically stronger but also sparser. Changes in head aim in response to playbacks were small. Our data suggest that big brown bats flying through clutter detect differences in the information content of surrounding acoustic scenes and alter their echolocation behavior accordingly

Microtron M-30 for radiation experiments: formation and control of irradiation fields

The results of the formation and study of the parameters of the electronic accelerator microtron M-30 are presented. The absorbed dose and spatial-energy distribution of the density of the beam in the area of the opinion are installed, which is important for protocols of radiation tests of various materials and devices. Several variants of the radiation formation, as well as the spatial distribution of radiation density are considered. For the homogeneity of radiation investigation, a commercial glass is used as a recording medium. The analytical dependence of radiation dose from the distance to the output node M-30, the control of the energy of accelerated electrons is carried out using an aluminum and glass absorber. Control of the accelerator parameters is carried out remotely from the control panel with the help of the developed «Virtual Remote» program.Представлені результати формування та вивчення параметрів електронного прискорювача мікротрон М-30. Встановлена поглинена доза та просторово-енергетичний розподіл щільності пучка в області опромінення, що важливо для протоколів радіаційних випробувань різноманітних матеріалів та пристроїв. Розглядаються декілька варіантів формування випромінювання, а також просторового розподілу щільності випромінювання. Для перевірки однорідності випромінювання використане комерційне скло як реєструюче середовище. Одержані аналітичні залежності дози випромінювання від відстані до вихідного вузла M-30, контроль енергії прискорених електронів здійснений з використанням алюмінієвого та скляного поглиначів. Контроль параметрів прискорювача здійснюється віддалено з панелі керування за допомогою розробленої програми «Virtual Remote».Представлены результаты формирования и изучения параметров электронного ускорителя микротрон М-30. Установлены поглощенная доза и пространственно-энергетическое распределение плотности пучка в области облучения, что важно для протоколов радиационных испытаний различных материалов и устройств. Рассматриваются несколько вариантов формирования излучения, а также пространственного распределения плотности излучения. Для проверки однородности излучения в качестве регистрирующей среды использовалось коммерческое стекло. Получены аналитические зависимости дозы излучения от расстояния до выходного узла M-30. Контроль энергии ускоренных электронов осуществлен с использованием алюминиевого и стеклянного поглотителей. Контроль параметров ускорителя осуществляется удаленно с панели управления с помощью разработанной программы «Virtual Remote»

Finding Your Mate at a Cocktail Party: Frequency Separation Promotes Auditory Stream Segregation of Concurrent Voices in Multi-Species Frog Choruses

Vocal communication in crowded social environments is a difficult problem for both humans and nonhuman animals. Yet many important social behaviors require listeners to detect, recognize, and discriminate among signals in a complex acoustic milieu comprising the overlapping signals of multiple individuals, often of multiple species. Humans exploit a relatively small number of acoustic cues to segregate overlapping voices (as well as other mixtures of concurrent sounds, like polyphonic music). By comparison, we know little about how nonhuman animals are adapted to solve similar communication problems. One important cue enabling source segregation in human speech communication is that of frequency separation between concurrent voices: differences in frequency promote perceptual segregation of overlapping voices into separate “auditory streams” that can be followed through time. In this study, we show that frequency separation (ΔF) also enables frogs to segregate concurrent vocalizations, such as those routinely encountered in mixed-species breeding choruses. We presented female gray treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) with a pulsed target signal (simulating an attractive conspecific call) in the presence of a continuous stream of distractor pulses (simulating an overlapping, unattractive heterospecific call). When the ΔF between target and distractor was small (e.g., ≤3 semitones), females exhibited low levels of responsiveness, indicating a failure to recognize the target as an attractive signal when the distractor had a similar frequency. Subjects became increasingly more responsive to the target, as indicated by shorter latencies for phonotaxis, as the ΔF between target and distractor increased (e.g., ΔF = 6–12 semitones). These results support the conclusion that gray treefrogs, like humans, can exploit frequency separation as a perceptual cue to segregate concurrent voices in noisy social environments. The ability of these frogs to segregate concurrent voices based on frequency separation may involve ancient hearing mechanisms for source segregation shared with humans and other vertebrates

The Church as a body of Christ in the first letter to Corinthians and in the letter to Ephesians

Department of Biblical SciencesKatedra biblických vědKatolická teologická fakultaCatholic Theological Facult

Means of reproducing the individual past in W. Sebald’s novel Austerlitz

The article is devoted to the coverage of the problem of bricolage as a method of memory reconstruction in the novel “Austerlitz” by the greatest German writer Winfried Sebald. The article notes that “Austerlitz” marks the transition from trauma to conscious identity as part of the historical memory of the Holocaust. It shows how the hero of the work, Jacques Austerlitz, acquires his identity by assembling from scattered information his personal history, reflecting a significant part of the collective tragedy. The genre feature of the work as a travelogue, memoir, investigation, as literature bordering on documentary and artistic experience, where the real is combined with the fictional, is highlighted. The article describes in detail the content of the technique of bricolage as a form of “wild”, “pre-rational” way of thinking, as a technique of fitting auxiliary materials (old photographs, newspaper clippings), a montage of disparate episodes, the technique of collage. The structure of the work’s storytelling is analyzed when the narrator does not tell the story but describes what he hears from Jacques Austerlitz. It is as if it is not a text, but the story itself, which someone tells, and also shows pictures for authenticity. The functions of the hero in the novel gradually shift from people to things, documents, bearers of the memory of individual and collective civilizational catastrophe. These indescribable witnesses break the blockade of traumatic silence around the childhood of Austerlitz, embodied in images of blindness, dumbness, oblivion. Before the protagonist of the work, the “man without a past,” the history of his family, the ghostly happy childhood that was rudely cut short by the separation from his biological parents, is suddenly revealed. Sebald demonstrates a contemporary form of novel narrative in which the truthfulness of the Holocaust narrative is revealed by incorporating the exile’s personal authorial biography, pain, and guilt into the memory of this tragedy. The role of photographs and descriptions of architectural structures in revealing the immanent semantic content of the subject, not manifested verbally, is analyzed. The latter is the key document that unites and structures the important for the writer themes of memories, memory, indifference, oblivion, return to the ghostly past, overcoming of the psychological trauma. Based on the analysis the author concludes that the attitude to the reader as a co-author brings Sebald’s novel closer to the tradition of the European intellectual novel and postmodern hypertexts, in which meaningful units are not presented in a traditional linear sequence, but as a multiplicity of links and transitions. The author notes that the acute experience of humanitarian catastrophe, the multilayered text, the density of meaningful meanings make this work a notable phenomenon in the context of artistic comprehension of traumatic memory