Dispositional and situational predictors of Anti-Racist bystander intervention on behalf of Indigenous Australians

Racial discrimination towards Indigenous Australians is highly prevalent in today’s society. Such discrimination is detrimental to Indigenous Australians mental and physical health and wellbeing (Paradies, Harris & Anderson, 2008). Bystander antiracism is the positive action undertaken by a witness of a racist event to intervene in support of the victim (Nelson, Dunn, & Paradies, 2011). Utilising Identity Theory as a theoretical framework, the present study investigated the predictive utility of dispositional factors compared with situational factors in anticipating the likelihood of bystander anti-racist action. Dispositional Empathy and Dispositional Efficacy were compared with situation specific factors Indigenous Empathy and Bystander Efficacy. The sample comprised of 156 Australian participants who completed a questionnaire measuring how these variables were associated with the likelihood of bystander anti-racist action. To quantify likelihood of action, participants were presented with a safe scenario of racism unfolding in a restaurant with the perpetrator, an acquaintance, who makes racist comments. In line with Identity Theory, it was hypothesised likelihood of bystander anti-racism action would be predicted by situational specific factors over dispositional factors. Being able to predict when a bystander will enact such an identity role is important in advancing the bystander literature. The results indicate this finding is partially supported with Bystander Intervention Opportunity being the most predictive of bystander action intention. Practical implications include highlighting the need for bystander education and training programs that work towards reducing the prevalence of racism in society. As the current research is novel, future research into this area is required to confirm the findings of this study

A Survey of Municipal Winter Road Maintenance in Maine

This report presents the results of a survey sent to municipalities in Maine to gather information on municipal winter road maintenance. It was part of a broader research project by the University of Maine in cooperation with the Maine Department of Transportation (MaineDOT) to examine winter roads with regard to maintenance practices, changing winter weather patterns, environmental impacts and costs, and winter road safety

The Affect of Mobile Performance Support Devices on Anxiety and Self-Efficacy of Hospital Float Staff

Floating describes the act of staff moving from one unit to another based on the needs of the patients in a hospital. Many staff who float to different units express negative feelings, including anxiety and lack in self-efficacy. However, floating is both an economical and efficient method to use staff across the hospital, especially with current staffing shortages in the United States. This study investigated how the use of mobile performance support devices may help reduce anxiety and increase self-efficacy for those staff who float to different units. with access to multiple resources available on the mobile device, Bandura's social learning theory and self-efficacy concept set the framework through modeling, observing, and imitating others in order to reproduce certain behaviors and tasks and believe in one's capability to perform. a quantitative study incorporating the retrospective pretest-posttest design was conducted using the population of float staff, including both nurses and respiratory therapists, from Children's Medical Center of Dallas. Both the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and General Self-Efficacy Scale, along with a basic demographic tool, were used to explore anxiety and self-efficacy in relation to the usage of mobile performance support devices. Findings can be used to impact the negative feelings of staff towards the idea of floating

Immune mechanisms of protection: can adjuvants rise to the challenge?

For many diseases vaccines are lacking or only partly effective. Research on protective immunity and adjuvants that generate vigorous immune responses may help generate effective vaccines against such pathogens

Road Salt in Maine: An Assessment of Practices, Impacts and Safety

This report presents the results from a research project by a team from the University of Maine, in cooperation with the Maine Department of Transportation (MaineDOT), that examines the use of road salt in Maine for winter travel safety. It summarizes winter maintenance practices, changing winter weather patterns, environmental impacts and costs, and winter road safety

Examining the Lived Experience of Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Evidence-Based Practice Project

This Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) project addressed the following question: What are the perspectives, experiences, and self-reports of adult individuals, groups, or populations who have MCI or report problems with Functional Cognition (and / or their caregivers)

The Physical Properties of High-Mass Star-Forming Clumps: A Systematic Comparison of Molecular Tracers

We present observations of HCO+ and H^13CO+, N2H+, HCS+, HCN and HN^13C, SO and ^34SO, CCH, SO_2, and CH_3OH-E towards a sample of 27 high-mass clumps coincident with water maser emission. All transitions are observed with or convolved to nearly identical resolution (30"), allowing for inter-comparison of the clump properties derived from the mapped transitions. We find N2H+ emission is spatially differentiated compared to the dust and the other molecules towards a few very luminous cores (10 of 27) and the N2H+ integrated intensity does not correlate well with dust continuum flux. We calculate the effective excitation density, n_eff, the density required to excite a 1 K line in T_kin=20 K gas for each molecular tracer. The intensity of molecular tracers with larger effective excitation densities (n_eff > 10^5 cm^-3) appear to correlate more strongly with the submillimeter dust continuum intensity. The median sizes of the clumps are anti-correlated with the n_eff of the tracers (which span more than three orders of magnitude). Virial mass is not correlated with n_eff, especially where the lines are optically thick as the linewidths may be broadened significantly by non-virial motions. The median mass surface density and median volume density of the clumps is correlated with n_eff indicating the importance of understanding the excitation conditions of the molecular tracer when deriving the average properties of an ensemble of cores.Comment: 75 pages, 38 figure

Local, Regional, and Remote Seismo‐Acoustic Observations of the April 2015 VEI 4 Eruption of Calbuco Volcano, Chile

The two major explosive phases of the 22–23 April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano, Chile, produced powerful seismicity and infrasound. The eruption was recorded on seismo-acoustic stations out to 1,540 km and on five stations (IS02, IS08, IS09, IS27, and IS49) of the International Monitoring System (IMS) infrasound network at distances from 1,525 to 5,122 km. The remote IMS infrasound stations provide an accurate explosion chronology consistent with the regional and local seismo-acoustic data and with previous studies of lightning and plume observations. We use the IMS network to detect and locate the eruption signals using a brute-force, grid-search, cross-bearings approach. After incorporating azimuth deviation corrections from stratospheric crosswinds using 3-D ray tracing, the estimated source location is 172 km from true. This case study highlights the significant capability of the IMS infrasound network to provide automated detection, characterization, and timing estimates of global explosive volcanic activity. Augmenting the IMS with regional seismo-acoustic networks will dramatically enhance volcanic signal detection, reduce latency, and improve discrimination capability

A Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Clinic: The University of North Carolina Experience

Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) confers a poor prognosis and is unusual in requiring multidisciplinary care in the metastatic setting. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) has created a BCBM clinic to provide medical and radiation oncology, neurosurgical, and supportive services to this complex patient population. We describe organization and design of the clinic as well as characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of the patients seen in its first 3 years

Influenza nucleoprotein delivered with aluminium salts protects mice from an influenza virus that expresses an altered nucleoprotein sequence

Influenza virus poses a difficult challenge for protective immunity. This virus is adept at altering its surface proteins, the proteins that are the targets of neutralizing antibody. Consequently, each year a new vaccine must be developed to combat the current recirculating strains. A universal influenza vaccine that primes specific memory cells that recognise conserved parts of the virus could prove to be effective against both annual influenza variants and newly emergent potentially pandemic strains. Such a vaccine will have to contain a safe and effective adjuvant that can be used in individuals of all ages. We examine protection from viral challenge in mice vaccinated with the nucleoprotein from the PR8 strain of influenza A, a protein that is highly conserved across viral subtypes. Vaccination with nucleoprotein delivered with a universally used and safe adjuvant, composed of insoluble aluminium salts, provides protection against viruses that either express the same or an altered version of nucleoprotein. This protection correlated with the presence of nucleoprotein specific CD8 T cells in the lungs of infected animals at early time points after infection. In contrast, immunization with NP delivered with alum and the detoxified LPS adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid A, provided some protection to the homologous viral strain but no protection against infection by influenza expressing a variant nucleoprotein. Together, these data point towards a vaccine solution for all influenza A subtypes