22 research outputs found
Physical activity and self-reported health status among adolescents: A cross-sectional population-based study
Objectives: Little is known about the dose–response
relationship between physical activity and health
benefits among young people. Our objective was to
analyse the association between the frequency of
undertaking moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
(MVPA) and the self-reported health status of the
adolescent population.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: All regions of Spain.
Participants: Students aged 11–18 years participating
in the Spanish Health Behaviour in School-aged
Children survey 2006. A total of 375 schools and
21 188 students were selected.
Main outcomes: The frequency of undertaking MVPA
was measured by a questionnaire, with the following
four health indicators: self-rated health, health
complaints, satisfaction with life and health-related
quality of life. Linear and logistic regression models
were used to analyse the association, adjusting for
potential confounding variables and the modelling of
the dose–response relationship.
Results: As the frequency of MVPA increased, the
association with health benefits was stronger. A linear
trend (p<0.05) was found for self-rated health and
health complaints in males and females and for
satisfaction with life among females; for health-related
quality of life this relationship was quadratic for both
sexes ( p<0.05). For self-reported health and health
complaints, the effect was found to be of greater
magnitude in males than in females and, in all scales,
the benefits were observed from the lowest frequencies
of MVPA, especially in males.
Conclusions: A protective effect of MVPA was found
in both sexes for the four health indicators studied,
and this activity had a gradient effect. Among males,
health benefits were detected from very low levels of
physical activity and the magnitude of the relationship
was greater than that for females.g This study has been funded by the Consejo Superior de Deportes
(National Sports Council) and the Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e
Igualdad (Ministry of Health and Social Policy
Prevention of diabetes in overweight/obese children through a family based intervention program including supervised exercise (PREDIKID project): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Background: The global pandemic of obesity has led to an increased risk for prediabetes and type-2 diabetes (T2D). The aims of the current project are: (1) to evaluate the effect of a 22-week family based intervention program, including supervised exercise, on insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) risk in children with a high risk of developing T2D and (2) to identify the profile of microRNA in circulating exosomes and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with a high risk of developing T2D and its response to a multidisciplinary intervention program including exercise.
Methods: A total of 84 children, aged 8-12 years, with a high risk of T2D will be included and randomly assigned to control (N = 42) or intervention (N = 42) groups. The control group will receive a family based lifestyle education and psycho-educational program (2 days/month), while the intervention group will attend the same lifestyle education and psycho-educational program plus the exercise program (3 days/week, 90 min per session including warm-up, moderate to vigorous aerobic activities, and strength exercises). The following measurements will be evaluated at baseline prior to randomization and after the intervention: fasting insulin, glucose and hemoglobin A1c; body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); ectopic fat (magnetic resonance imaging); microRNA expression in circulating exosomes and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MiSeq; Illumina); cardiorespiratory fitness (cardiopulmonary exercise testing); dietary habits and physical activity (accelerometry).
Discussion: Prevention and identification of children with a high risk of developing T2D could help to improve their cardiovascular health and to reduce the comorbidities associated with obesity.The Spanish Ministry of Industry and
Competitiveness (DEP2016-78377-R), by “Fondos Estructurales de la Unión
Europea (FEDER), Una manera de hacer Europa.” and by the University of the
Basque Country (GIU14/21). This work was also supported by grants from
Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RYC-2010-05957; RYC-
2011-09011), Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU14/
03329) and by the Education, Linguistic Policy and Culture Department of
the Government of the Basque Country (PRE_2016_1_0057)
Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality
Clinical epidemiology and internal medicine: a symbiotic association
En el contexto de la biomedicina del siglo XXI, el internista continúa siendo uno de los principales vertebradores de la asistencia sanitaria, con una gran capacidad de adaptación a los escenarios clínicos cambiantes. La amplia formación clínica y polivalencia, y la visión integral e integradora del hombre enfermo que les caracteriza, los sitúan siempre en la vanguardia de los avances en Medicina. Con una vocación claramente holística, la contribución de la medicina interna a la epidemiología clínica puede considerarse, al menos tan relevante como la de otras áreas de la medicina, y la interrelación entre ambas disciplinas una asociación de carácter claramente simbiótico
A Clinical Decision Support using a Terminology Server to improve Patient Safety.
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are software applications that support clinicians in making healthcare decisions providing relevant information for individual patients about their specific conditions. The lack of integration between CDSS and Electronic Health Record (EHR) has been identified as a significant barrier to CDSS development and adoption. Andalusia Healthcare Public System (AHPS) provides an interoperable health information infrastructure based on a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) that eases CDSS implementation. This paper details the deployment of a CDSS jointly with the deployment of a Terminology Server (TS) within the AHPS infrastructure. It also explains a case study about the application of decision support to thromboembolism patients and its potential impact on improving patient safety. We will apply the inSPECt tool proposal to evaluate the appropriateness of alerts in this scenario.This research has been partly funded by the Platform for Innovation in Medical Technologies and Health (Plataforma ITEMAS, code PT13/0006/0036) and by the
PITeS ISA project (code PI12/01571).Ye
Changing Trends in the Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Spain
Objective: The information about the epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP)
in Europe is scarce, and in Spain there are only data nationwide on patients with HIV
infection. This study has been carried out with the aim of knowing in our country the
current epidemiological spectrum and the risk factors of PcP.
Methods: Observational, descriptive transversal study that included all patients
admitted in Spain with diagnosis upon discharge of PcP registered in the National Health
System’s Hospital Discharge Records Database of Spain, between 2008 and 2012.
Results: Four thousand five hundred and fifty four cases of PcP were reported,
1,204 (26.4%) in HIV-negative patients. During the study period, mean annual incidence
(cases per million) was 19.4, remaining globally stable, increasing from 4.4 to 6.3 in
HIV-negative patients and decreasing from 15.5 to 13.4 among HIV-infected patients.
Risk factors were identified in 85.5% of HIV-negative cases, the most frequent being
hematological neoplams (29%), chronic lung diseases (15.9%), and non-hematological
cancers (14.9%). Mean mortality and hospitalization cost were high (25.5% and 12,000
euros, respectively).
Conclusions: The results of this first nationwide study in Spain allow a change in the
misconception that, after the AIDS epidemic, PcP is an infrequent disease, showing
that today it is an emerging problem in patients without HIV infection. These findings
underlines the need for increased efforts toward a better characterization of risk groups
to improve prophylactic strategies and reduce the burden of disease.Institute of Health Carlos IIISpanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (grant FIS-03/1743)Red Iberoamericana sobre Pneumocystosis in the framework of The Ibero-American Programme for Science, Technology and Development (grant CYTED 212RT0450
From Bioimpedance to Volume Estimation: A Model for Edema Calculus in Human Legs
Heart failure (HF) is a severe disease and one of the most important causes of death in our
society nowadays. A significant percentage of patients hospitalized for decompensation of heart
failure are readmitted after some weeks or months due to an expected bad and uncontrolled HF
evolution due to the lack of the patient supervision in real time. Herein is presented a straightforward
electric model useful for volume leg section calculus based on the bioimpedance test as a way to
assist with the acute HF patient’s supervision. The method has been developed for time-evolution
edema evaluation in patients’ corresponding legs. The data are picked up with a wearable device
specifically developed for acute heart failure patients. As an initial step, a calibration method is
proposed to extract the extracellular volume component from bioimpedance measurements done
in healthy subjects, and then applied to unhealthy ones. The intra- and extracellular resistance
components are calculated from fitted Cole–Cole model parameters derived from BI spectroscopy
measurements. Results obtained in a pilot assay, with healthy subjects and heart failure subjects,
show sensitivities in leg volume [mL/Ω], with much lower values for healthy than in unhealthy
people, being an excellent biomarker to discriminate between both. Finally, circadian cycle evolution
for leg volume has been measured from the bioimpedance test as an extension of the work, enabling
an alternative parameter for the characterization of one day of human activity for any person.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades DTS19/00134, DTS19/00137Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación AT21-00010-US
Fungal microbiota in newborn infants with and without respiratory distress syndrome
Background
Pneumocytis jirovecii infection in preterm newborns has recently been associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Changes in the bacterial microbiota of the airways have also been described in infants with bronchopulmonary
dysplasia. However, until now there has been no information on the airway mycobiota in
newborns. The purpose of this study was to describe the airway mycobiota in term and preterm newborns and its possible association with respiratory distress syndrome.
Methods
Twenty-six matched preterm newborns with and without respiratory distress syndrome were
studied, as well as 13 term babies. The identification of the fungal microbiota was carried
out using molecular procedures in aspirated nasal samples at birth.
Results
The ascomycota phylum was identified in 89.7% of newborns, while the basidiomycota phylum was found in 33.3%. Cladosporium was the predominant genus in both term and preterm infants 38.4% vs. 73% without statistical differences. Candida sake and Pneumocystis
jirovecii were only found in preterm infants, suggesting a potential relationship with the risk
of prematurity.
Conclusions
This is the first report to describe the fungal microbiota of the airways in term and preterm
infants with and without respiratory distress syndrome. Although no differences have been observed, the number of cases analyzed could be small to obtain conclusive results, and
more studies are needed to understand the role of the fungal microbiota of the airways in
neonatal respiratory pathology
Linking Habitat and Associated Abiotic Conditions To Predict Fish Hotspots Distribution Areas Within La Paz Bay: Evaluating Marine Conservation Areas
Hotspots are priority marine or terrestrial areas with high biodiversity where delineation is essential for conservation, but equally important is their linkage to the environmental policies of the overall region. In this study, fish diversity presences were linked to abiotic conditions and different habitat types to reveal multi-species and hotspots models predicted by ecological niche modelling methods within the Bay of La Paz, Mexico (south of Gulf of California). The abiotically suitable areas for 217 fish species were identified based on historical (1975–2020) presence data sets and a set of environmental layers related to distances from mangroves and rocky shores habitats, marine substrate, and bottom geomorphology conditions. Hotspot model distribution was delineated from a multi-species model identifying areas with ≥60 species per hectare and was compared to the marine conservation areas such Balandra Protected Natural Area (BPNA), illustrating how these models can be applied to improve the local regulatory framework. The results indicate that (1) there is a need for the BPNA to be enlarged to capture more of the delineated hotspot areas, and thus an update to the management plan will be required, (2) new conservation areas either adjacent or outside of the established BPNA should be established, or (3) Ramsar sites or other priority areas should be subject to legal recognition and a management plan decreed so that these vital habitats and fish diversity can be better protected