Estudio comparativo entre metodología de aula invertida y metodología tradicional en clases de español, inglés y matemáticas

The presence of new developments of technologies in the educational field requires an intensive intervention and adaptation toward the use of methodologies related to information technologies and communications (TICs) that contribute to the improvement of the students' academic performance. The objective of this article is to verify if there was a favorable impact on school performance with the use of the Inverted Classroom methodology in comparison with the use of the traditional methodology for the students of the ninth and tenth grade levels in the Spanish, English and Mathematics courses. On the other hand, in addition to goal was to offer a brief description of the concept of the Flipped Classroom with the review of some contributions derived from researchers as input for the students as well as the teachers. This study was of quantitative origin and with a quasi-experimental design. The sample was of 116 students divided into control group (65 students) and experimental group (51 students) of each subject. As an independent variable, the instruments applied were a pre-post test of academic achievement of each unit and the measurement of the results were analized using thet-Test statistical analysis system to verify its reliability. For the stadistical analysis, the IBM version 22 aplication was used. With respect to the results obtained, no statistically significant difference was observed between the pre-post tests before the experimental groups and control groups reasons that will be made known in the discussion and conclusion of the text. I have never seen this in a summary, it is normal to put them here.La presencia de nuevos avances tecnológicos en el ámbito educativo, exigen una intensa intervención y adaptación hacia el uso de metodologías relacionadas con las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TICs) que contribuyan al mejoramiento del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. El objetivo de este artículo fue comprobar si existió un impacto favorable en el rendimiento escolar con el uso de la metodología de Aula Invertida en comparación con el uso de la metodología tradicional en los estudiantes de los niveles noveno y décimo grado en los cursos de español, inglés y matemáticas. Por otro lado,  también se intentó dar una breve descripción del concepto de Aula invertida con la revisión de algunas aportaciones de investigadores como aporte hacia el estudiante y al profesorado. Este estudio es de corte cuantitativo y con un diseño cuasi-experimental. La muestra fue de 116 estudiantes y se dividió en grupo control (grupos de 65 estudiantes) y grupo experimental (grupos de 51 estudiantes) de cada asignatura con un total de 116 estudiantes. Como variable independiente, los instrumentos aplicados fueron sobre el rendimiento académico de cada unidad (pruebas pre-post), cuyos resultados fueron analizados utilizando la prueba estadística t de Student para comprobar su fiabilidad. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la aplicación IBM SPSS Versión 22. Con respecto a los resultados obtenidos, no se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las pruebas pre-post entre los grupos experimental y grupos control motivos que se darán a conocer dentro de la discusión y conclusión del texto. Nunca he visto esto en un resumen, lo normal es que las pongan aquí

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

EVALUACIÓN DE LAS NECESIDADES DE CAPACITACIÓN SISTEMÁTICA A LOS DOCENTES QUE FACILITAN EL IDIOMA INGLÉS A ESTUDIANTES INMIGRANTES

The professional development and performance of teaching staff is a continuous process that contains all the opportunities and experiences that are systematically planned with the aim of raising the quality of educational processes based on the diagnosis of problematic situations that teachers face in their day by day in the classroom. That is why this work was proposed through a bibliographic review and the application of a survey to demonstrate the importance of the systematic training of teachers who teach English to immigrant students. Updated research on the subject, in undergraduate and master's theses, and articles in scientific journals were reviewed in order to be able to contrast the conclusions of these works with the objectives of the survey carried out. To carry out the survey, a questionnaire was carried out on the 22 teachers who teach at two educational centers in New York City. These institutions welcome immigrant students from various regions of Latin America and who reside in this city. With the results obtained from this survey, it was concluded that it is important and that permanent training courses should be given that enhance the professional performance of the teachers of the institutions. These trainings must be carried out on the basis of updated content on the latest assessment instruments, as well as methodological strategies that allow the quality of the educational teaching process to be raised. Keywords: Professional training, teaching performance, English language, immigrant students. References [1]P. Rentaria, Formación de docentes: un reto para las escuelas normales superiores y las Facultades de Educación, Bogota: Magisterio, 2016, p. 86. [2]H. González Silva, «Algunas consideraciones sobre la formación permanente de los docentes,» Fundalectura, vol. 2, nº 9, p. 11, 2011. [3]V. Alvarez Rojo, S. Romero, J. Gil Flores and J. Rodríguez Santero, «Necesidades de formacion del profesorado universitario para la adaptacion de su docencia al Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior (EEES),» Revista Electronica de Investigacion y Evaluacion Educativa, vol. 17, nº 1, pp. 1134-4032, 2011. [4]V. Alvarez, S. Romero, S. Gil and J. Rodriguez, «Necesidades de formación del proesorado universitario para la adaptación de su docencia al Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior.,» Rev. Electronica de Investigación y Evaluacion Educativa., vol. 17, nº 1, pp. 1134-4032, 2011. [5]E. Mendez Morales, «El diagnostico de necesidades de capacitación es un asunto local,» Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Financieras de la Seguridad Social, vol. 12, nº 1, pp. 46-100, 22 septiembre 2014. [6]D. A. Amores Narvaez, «Estrategias didacticas comunicativas en el desarrollo de la destreza de hablar el idioma ingles en los estudiantes de los octavos años,» Universidad Tecnica de Ambato, Ambato- Ecuador, 2014. [7]C. Arteaga, «Uso de las TIC para el aprendizaje del ingles en la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes.,» Rev. de Innovacion Educativa, vol. 3, nº 2, pp. 3-12, 2011. [8]S. Usan, «Instrumento de hoy, instrumento de ayer, la enseñanza cultural en el aula de ingles.,» Universidad de la Rioja, Zaragoza-España, 2013. [9]M. Ricoy and S. Perez, «La enseñanza del ingles en la educación básica de personas jovenes y adultas.,» Rev. Mexicana de Investigación Científica, vol. 21, nº 69, 2016. [10]B. Vega, «Uso de las TIC en el aula de lenguas extranjeras en Eduación Primaria.,» Universidad de Cantambria, Cantambria, España, 2016.  El desarrollo y desempeño profesional del personal docente es un proceso continuo que contiene todas las oportunidades y experiencias que se planifican de manera sistemática con el objetivo de elevar la calidad de los procesos educativos a partir del diagnóstico de las situaciones problemáticas que el docente enfrenta en su día a día en el salón de clases. Es por ello que este trabajo se propuso a través de una revisión bibliográfica y la aplicación de una encuesta para demostrar la importancia que tiene la capacitación sistemática de los docentes que enseñan el idioma inglés a estudiantes inmigrantes. Se revisaron investigaciones actualizadas sobre el tema, en tesis de grado y maestría, y artículos de revistas científicas con la finalidad de poder contrastar las conclusiones de estos trabajos con los objetivos de la encuesta realizada. Para realizar la encuesta se procedió a realizar un cuestionario a los 22 docentes que imparten clases en dos centros educativos de la ciudad de New York. Estas instituciones acogen a estudiantes inmigrantes de varias regiones de América Latina y que residen en esta ciudad. Con los resultados obtenidos de esta encuesta se llegó a la conclusión de que es importante y que se deben impartir cursos permanentes de capacitación que potencien el desempeño profesional de los docentes de las instituciones. Estas capacitaciones deben realizarse sobre la base de contenidos actualizados acerca de los más novedosos instrumentos de evaluación, así como de estrategias metodológicas que permitan elevar la calidad del proceso docente educativo. Palabras Clave: Capacitación profesional, desempeño docente, idioma inglés, estudiantes inmigrantes. Referencias [1]P. Rentaría, Formación de docentes: un reto para las escuelas normales superiores y las Facultades de Educación, Bogotá: Magisterio, 2016, p. 86. [2]H. González Silva, «Algunas consideraciones sobre la formación permanente de los docentes,» Fundalectura, vol. 2, nº 9, p. 11, 2011. [3]V. Álvarez Rojo, S. Romero, J. Gil Flores y J. Rodríguez Santero, «Necesidades de formación del profesorado universitario para la adaptación de su docencia al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES),» Revista Electrónica de Investigación y Evaluación Educativa, vol. 17, nº 1, pp. 1134-4032, 2011. [4]V. Alvarez, S. Romero, S. Gil y J. Rodríguez, «Necesidades de formación del proesorado universitario para la adaptación de su docencia al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.,» Rev. Electrónica de Investigación y Evaluación Educativa., vol. 17, nº 1, pp. 1134-4032, 2011. [5]E. Mèndez Morales, «El diagnóstico de necesidades de capacitación es un asunto local,» Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Financieras de la Seguridad Social, vol. 12, nº 1, pp. 46-100, 22 septiembre 2014. [6]D. A. Amores Narváez, «Estrategias didácticas comunicativas en el desarrollo de la destreza de hablar el idioma inglés en los estuiantes de los octavos años,» Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato- Ecuador, 2014. [7]C. Arteaga, «Uso de las TIC para el aprendizaje del inglés en la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes.,» Rev. de Innovación Educativa, vol. 3, nº 2, pp. 3-12, 2011. [8]S. Usán, «Instrumento de hoy, instrumento de ayer, la enseñanza cultural en el aula de inglés.,» Universidad de la Rioja, Zaragoza-España, 2013. [9]M. Ricoy y S. Pérez, «La enseñanza del inglés en la educación básica de personas jóvenes y adultas.,» Rev. Mexicana de Investigación Científica, vol. 21, nº 69, 2016. [10]B. Vega, «Uso de las TIC en el aula de lenguas extranjeras en Eduación Primaria.,» Universidad de Cantambria, Cantambria, España, 2016

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

Background: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

The complete mitochondrial and plastid genomes of Corallina chilensis (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) from Tomales Bay, California, USA

Genomic analysis of the marine alga Corallina chilensis from Tomales Bay, California, USA, resulted in the assembly of its complete mitogenome (GenBank accession number MK598844) and plastid genome (GenBank MK598845). The mitogenome is 25,895 bp in length and contains 50 genes. The plastid genome is 178,350 bp and contains 233 genes. The organellar genomes share a high-level of gene synteny to other Corallinales. Comparison of rbcL and cox1 gene sequences of C. chilensis from Tomales Bay reveals it is identical to three specimens from British Columbia, Canada and very similar to a specimen of C. chilensis from southern California. These genetic data confirm that C. chilensis is distributed in Pacific North America

Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUND: We evaluated whether rivaroxaban alone or in combination with aspirin would be more effective than aspirin alone for secondary cardiovascular prevention. METHODS: In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 27,395 participants with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease to receive rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin (100 mg once daily), rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily), or aspirin (100 mg once daily). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. The study was stopped for superiority of the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group after a mean follow-up of 23 months. RESULTS: The primary outcome occurred in fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group than in the aspirin-alone group (379 patients [4.1%] vs. 496 patients [5.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.86; P<0.001; z=−4.126), but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group (288 patients [3.1%] vs. 170 patients [1.9%]; hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.05; P<0.001). There was no significant difference in intracranial or fatal bleeding between these two groups. There were 313 deaths (3.4%) in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group as compared with 378 (4.1%) in the aspirin-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96; P=0.01; threshold P value for significance, 0.0025). The primary outcome did not occur in significantly fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group than in the aspirin-alone group, but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease, those assigned to rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin had better cardiovascular outcomes and more major bleeding events than those assigned to aspirin alone. Rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily) alone did not result in better cardiovascular outcomes than aspirin alone and resulted in more major bleeding events

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research