La posició dels agents socials respecte la protecció ambiental al Baix Ter : mecanismes explicatius

Conté: Treball de recerca, resum executiu i pòsterA la zona del Baix Ter l'explotació agrària i la forta pressió humana i urbanística vinculada al turisme fan necessària una gestió activa dels espais naturals per evitar-ne el deteriorament ambiental. La conservació ambiental de la zona pot tenir un impacte molt positiu per l'activitat econòmica i pel conjunt de la població local tanmateix, falta consens entre els agents socials del territori. En el treball, s'han identificat mecanismes que expliquen la posició dels agents socials respecte la protecció ambiental i la seva estratègia per defensar-la públicament. Del seu anàlisi en deriven recomanacions polítique

Distinct Subdivisions in the Transition Between Telencephalon and Hypothalamus Produce Otp and Sim1 Cells for the Extended Amygdala in Sauropsids

Based on the coexpression of the transcription factors Foxg1 and Otp, we recently identified in the mouse a new radial embryonic division named the telencephalon-opto-hypothalamic (TOH) domain that produces the vast majority of glutamatergic neurons found in the medial extended amygdala. To know whether a similar division exists in other amniotes, we carried out double labeling of Foxg1 and Otp in embryonic brain sections of two species of sauropsids, the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), and the long-tailed lacertid lizard (Psammodromus algirus). Since in mice Otp overlaps with the transcription factor Sim1, we also analyzed the coexpression of Foxg1 and Sim1 and compared it to the glutamatergic cell marker VGLUT2. Our results showed that the TOH domain is also present in sauropsids and produces subpopulations of Otp/Foxg1 and Sim1/Foxg1 cells for the medial extended amygdala. In addition, we found Sim1/Foxg1 cells that invade the central extended amygdala, and other Otp and Sim1 cells not coexpressing Foxg1 that invade the extended and the pallial amygdala. These different Otp and Sim1 cell subpopulations, with or without Foxg1, are likely glutamatergic. Our results highlight the complex divisional organization of telencephalon-hypothalamic transition, which contributes to the heterogeneity of amygdalar cells. In addition, our results open new venues to study further the amygdalar cells derived from different divisions around this transition zone and their relationship to other cells derived from the pallium or the subpallium.This study was funded by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Grant No: PID2019-108725RB-100) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 812777 (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2018-812777). AM and AP have contracts as early-stage researchers paid by the H2020-MSCA-ITN-2018-812777 project. JF had a training fellowship for undergraduate students from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. The authors declare that the funders were not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication

Desafios do cuidado paliativo na atenção primária à saúde

Este artigo analisou, a partir de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, a oferta dos cuidados paliativos (CP) na atenção primária à saúde, evidenciando as dificuldades encontradas para a realização de uma assistência adequada. Os CP são de extrema importância uma vez que visam proporcionar conforto aos pacientes e familiares diante de uma doença que ameace a vida. Logo, identificar os obstáculos relacionados à oferta adequada desse cuidado e fomentar meios para solucionar tais adversidades torna-se essencial para uma assistência à saúde de qualidade. Dentre os principais problemas encontrados destacam-se o crescimento da demanda de pacientes para o CP, longitudinalidade do cuidado através de visitas domiciliares, falta de recursos tecnológicos, limitação à abordagem multidisciplinar, falta de apoio aos cuidadores, mas, sobretudo, o despreparo dos profissionais ocasionado, principalmente, pelo contato insuficiente com o tema, o que dificulta a abordagem integral do paciente. Diante disso, torna-se evidente a necessidade da criação de medidas que disseminem o conhecimento e informação em relação aos CP, para que os pacientes e suas respectivas famílias tenham cada dia mais amparo em um momento de tamanha vulnerabilidade

A gene expression assay based on chronic lymphocytic leukemia activation in the microenvironment to predict progression

Gene expression; Chronic lymphocytic leukemiaExpresión génica; Leucemia linfocítica crónicaExpressió gènica; Leucèmia limfocítica crònicaSeveral gene expression profiles with a strong correlation with patient outcomes have been previously described in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), although their applicability as biomarkers in clinical practice has been particularly limited. Here we describe the training and validation of a gene expression signature for predicting early progression in patients with CLL based on the analysis of 200 genes related to microenvironment signaling on the NanoString platform. In the training cohort (n = 154), the CLL15 assay containing a 15-gene signature was associated with the time to first treatment (TtFT) (hazard ratio [HR], 2.83; 95% CI, 2.17-3.68; P < .001). The prognostic value of the CLL15 score (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.15-2.52; P = .007) was further confirmed in an external independent validation cohort (n = 112). Notably, the CLL15 score improved the prognostic capacity over IGHV mutational status and the International Prognostic Score for asymptomatic early-stage (IPS-E) CLL. In multivariate analysis, the CLL15 score (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.32-2.56; P < .001) and the IPS-E CLL (HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.59-3.12; P < .001) were independently associated with TtFT. The newly developed and validated CLL15 assay successfully translated previous gene signatures such as the microenvironment signaling into a new gene expression–based assay with prognostic implications in CLL.This work was supported by research funding from the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer grant [5U01CA157581-05, ECRIN-M3 - A29370] and in part by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias [PI17/00950, M.C., PI17/00943, F.B, PI18/01392, P.A.], and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233], the Education Council or Health Council of the Junta de Castilla y León [GRS 2036/A/19], and Gilead Sciences [GLD15/00348]. This work was supported by research funding from the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer grant [5U01CA157581-05, ECRIN-M3 - A29370] and in part by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias [PI17/00950, M.C., PI17/00943, F.B, PI18/01392, P.A.], and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233], the Education Council or Health Council of the Junta de Castilla y León [GRS 2036/A/19], Gilead Sciences [GLD15/00348] and Gilead Fellowships [GLD16/00144, GLD18/00047, F.B.], and Fundació la Marató de TV3 [201905-30-31 F.B]. All Spanish funding was cosponsored by the European Union FEDER program “Una manera de hacer Europa”. M.C. holds a contract from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades [RYC-2012-2018]

Al pie de la letra

Treballs de l'alumnat del Grau de Comunicació Audiovisual, Facultat de Biblioteconomia i Documentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Projectes II. Curs: 2018-2019, Tutor: Vilaseca, Jaume i Polanco Martínez, Fernando // Director: Laura Nogueira Robles; Aj. Direcció: Isaac Ros Pimentel; Productor: Andrea Amador Ayén; Guionista: Júlia Sala Medina; Dir. Fotografia: Raquel Bernabéu Sánchez; Càmera: Dani Moya Calero; Enregistrament i postproducció de so: Marc Serrano i Farrerons; Muntatge: Isaac Ros Pimentel; Música: Marc Serrano i Farrerons i Isaac Ros Pimentel; Postproducció: Dani Moya Calero. Equip artístic: Mirena Nafarrete, Gonzalo López, Montserrat Vega.Al pie de la letra es un cortometraje divulgativo en el que dos jóvenes, Alicia y Matías, tienen que enfrentarse a una infección podológica: el temible pie de atleta. Sus distintas formas de aplicarse el tratamiento les llevan a desenlaces muy dispares. Solo uno de los dos sale vencedor y consigue abatir la molesta enfermedad

DOES LIDOCAINE HAVE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS AGAINST MAJOR PATHOGENS THAT INFECT WOUNDS? AN “IN VITRO” STUDY

Local anesthetics are commonly used in medicine and dentistry and have a low cost, but their action as a microbicidal agent is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of lidocaine against bacteria that most commonly infect surgical wounds. We evaluated Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis. The solutions tested were saline, chlorhexidine, lidocaine (solution and pure) and an antibiotic solution. The agar diffusion test was performed using Petri dishes. The plates tested with lidocaine (pure or solution) presented no inhibition halo. The antibiotic solution presented the largest inhibition halos for all the bacteria (p &lt; 0.05). Chlorhexidine formed an inhibition halo similar to that of the antibiotic solution for Escherichia coli (p &gt; 0.05). Lidocaine did not present an antimicrobial effect for any of the tested bacteria. However, the antibiotic solution and the chlorhexidine inhibited the growth of all bacteria.Os anestésicos locais são utilizados comumente como agente para analgesia pós-operatória e tem um baixo custo, porém sua ação como agente microbicida ainda é controversa. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a lidocaína tem efeito antimicrobiano frente à infecção pelas bactérias que mais comumente infectam feridas cirúrgicas. Para este estudo, foram avaliados os seguintes microorganismos: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis e Enterococcus faecalis. As soluções testadas foram soro fisiológico, clorexidina, solução de lidocaína, lidocaína pura e solução de antibióticos. As placas testadas com solução de lidocaína e a lidocaína pura não apresentaram halo de inibição. A solução de antibióticos apresentou os maiores halos de inibição em todas as bactérias testadas (p &lt; 0.05). A clorexidina formou halo semelhante ao da solução de antibióticos para Escherichia coli (p &gt; 0.05). A lidocaína não apresentou efeito antimicrobiano em relação a nenhuma das bactérias testadas. Porém, a solução de antibióticos e o digliconato de clorexidina inibiram o crescimento de todas as bactérias

First-line treatment in lymphomatoid papulosis: a retrospective multicentre study

Background: Data regarding response to treatment in lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) are scarce. Aim: To assess the daily clinical practice approach to LyP and the response to first-line treatments. Methods: This was a retrospective study enrolling 252 patients with LyP. Results: Topical steroids, methotrexate and phototherapy were the most common first-line treatments, prescribed for 35%, 20% and 14% of the patients, respectively. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 48% of treated patients. Eczematous lesions significantly increased relative risk (RR) of not achieving CR (RR = 1.76; 95% CI 1.16-2.11). Overall median time to CR was 10 months (95% CI 6-13 months), and 78% of complete responders showed cutaneous relapse; both results were similar for all treatment groups (P > 0.05). Overall estimated median disease-free survival (DFS) was 11 months (95% CI 9-13 months) but DFS for patients treated with phototherapy was 23 months (95% CI 10-36 months; P < 0.03). Having the Type A LyP variant (RR = 2.04; 95% CI 0.96-4.30) and receiving a first-line treatment other than phototherapy (RR = 5.33; 95% CI 0.84-33.89) were significantly associated with cutaneous early relapse. Of the 252 patients, 31 (13%) had associated mycosis fungoides unrelated to therapeutic approach, type of LyP or T-cell receptor clonality. Conclusions: Current epidemiological, clinical and pathological data support previous results. Topical steroids, phototherapy and methotrexate are the most frequently prescribed first-line treatments. Although CR and cutaneous relapse rates do not differ between them, phototherapy achieves a longer DFS. Presence of Type A LyP and use of topical steroid or methotrexate were associated with an increased risk of early relapse

Minerales 'exóticos' en cromititas ofiolíticas. Implicaciones para la geodinámica mantélica

Los depósitos ofiolíticos de cromita constituyen un rasgo característico de la secuencia mantélica de las ofiolitas (González-Jiménez et al., 2014 y referencias en éste). Los cuerpos de cromititas se encuentran en dunitas y harzburgitas distribuyéndose a lo largo de una zona de espesor variable, entre 1 y 2 km, debajo de los niveles de gabros bandeados de la corteza inferior oceánica. El origen de cuerpos monominerálicos de cromita en el manto, especialmente el mecanismo de concentración de cromita y el ambiente tectónico de formación, continúa siendo un tema sujeto a debate (e.g., Proenza et al., 1999; González-Jiménez et al., 2014). A tal efecto, se han propuesto hipótesis basadas en: i) cristalización cotéctica de cromita+olivino y su posterior separación mecánica; ii) procesos de mezcla o contaminación de magmas; iii) asimilación de piroxenitas y gabros; iv) aumento del grado de polimerización del fundido debido a la pérdida de agua; v) cambios en la fugacidad de oxígeno. Todas estas hipótesis asumen procesos a baja presión en el manto (<20 km profundidad)

acceptability of nudges as public policy tools : a theoretical and empirical analysis

Aquesta tesi presenta una anàlisi teòrica i empírica de l'acceptabilitat dels nudges com a eines de política pública. La primera part de la tesi discuteix la caracterització dels nudges com a instruments de política pública, considerant qüestions conceptuals, ètiques i teòriques. La tesi revisa la noció original de nudge, les seves bases teòriques i empíriques i les principals crítiques en els dos sentits. Exposant els problemes amb la noció de nudge de Thaler i Sunstein, proposa una definició alternativa del concepte que defensa deixar de banda les connotacions i intencions normatives i centrar-se en el seu valor pràctic com a eina de política pública. La segona part inclou tres estudis empírics d'actituds cap als nudges: una enquesta representativa (n = 617, i = 3,88) de l'acceptabilitat pública dels nudges a Espanya, i dos estudis experimentals que exploren l'acceptabilitat de dos tipus de nudges, els nudges automàtics, que són menys perceptibles i funcionen sense deliberació o consciència, i els nudges reflexius que són perceptibles, inclouen deliberació i produeixen una resposta conscient. La part empírica aborda les qüestions discutides en el debat teòric i emfatitza que la discussió sobre l'acceptabilitat dels nudges en política pública ha de considerar la seva acceptabilitat pública i, en particular, quins nudges es prefereixen i en quins contextos s'accepta la seva implementació. Els resultats indiquen tres qüestions principals. En primer lloc, l'acceptabilitat pública dels nudges és alta, els ciutadans aproven l'ús de diferents nudges en diferents àmbits i no s'oposen categòricament a la seva implementació. En segon lloc, el tipus de nudge és important. Les persones reconeixen diferències entre nudges i tendeixen a preferir els nudges reflexius als nudges automàtics. Tanmateix, els resultats dels tres estudis indiquen que l'oposició a la implementació de nudges automàtics no és categòrica i es recolza el seu ús en diversos casos. En tercer lloc, l'acceptabilitat dels nudges automàtics depèn del context en què s'apliquen; les persones donen suport al seu ús quan estan d'acord amb el seu objectiu i quan afecten decisions en àmbits de baix risc. Per contra, s'oposen a la seva implementació quan afecten decisions en dominis d'alt risc, per exemple, quan es fan servir en decisions que involucren assumptes sensibles o morals o decisions que involucren pèrdues econòmiques. En general, la tesi explora arguments a favor i en contra de l'ús de nudges i ofereix idees sobre com poden ser eines útils i acceptables per a la formulació de polítiques públiques.Esta tesis presenta un análisis teórico y empírico de la aceptabilidad de los nudges como herramientas de política pública. La primera parte de la tesis discute la caracterización de los nudges como instrumentos de política pública, con atención a cuestiones conceptuales, éticas y teóricas. La tesis revisa la noción original de nudge, sus bases teóricas y empíricas y las principales críticas en ambos sentidos. Exponiendo los problemas con la noción de nudge de Thaler y Sunstein, propone una definición alternativa del concepto que aboga por dejar de lado las connotaciones e intenciones normativas y centrarse en su valor práctico como herramienta de política pública. La segunda parte incluye tres estudios empíricos de actitudes hacia los nudges: una encuesta representativa (n = 617, e = 3,88) de la aceptabilidad pública de los nudges en España, y dos estudios experimentales que exploran la aceptabilidad de dos tipos de nudges, los nudges automáticos, que son menos perceptibles y funcionan sin deliberación o conciencia, y los nudges reflexivos que son perceptibles, incluyen deliberación y producen una respuesta consciente. La parte empírica aborda las cuestiones discutidas en el debate teórico y enfatiza que la discusión sobre la aceptabilidad de los nudges en política pública debe considerar su aceptabilidad pública y, en particular, qué nudges se prefieren y en qué contextos se acepta su implementación. Los resultados indican tres cuestiones principales. En primer lugar, la aceptabilidad pública de los empujones es alta, los ciudadanos aprueban el uso de diferentes nudges en diferentes ámbitos y no se oponen categóricamente a su implementación. En segundo lugar, el tipo de nudge es importante. Las personas reconocen diferencias entre nudges y tienden a preferir los nudges reflexivos a los nudges automáticos. No obstante, los resultados de los tres estudios indican que la oposición a la implementación de nudges automáticos no es categórica y, en varios casos, se apoya su uso. En tercer lugar, la aceptabilidad de los nudges automáticos depende del contexto en el que se apliquen; las personas apoyan su uso cuando están de acuerdo con su objetivo y cuando afectan decisiones en ámbitos de bajo riesgo. Por el contrario, su uso no está respaldado cuando afectan decisiones en dominios de alto riesgo, como decisiones que involucran asuntos sensibles o morales o decisiones que involucran pérdidas económicas. En general, la tesis explora argumentos a favor y en contra del uso de nudges y ofrece ideas sobre cómo los nudges pueden ser herramientas útiles y aceptables para la formulación de políticas públicas.This thesis is a theoretical and empirical analysis of the acceptability of nudges as policy tools. The first part of the thesis discusses the characterisation of nudges as a policy instrument, paying attention to conceptual, ethical and theoretical issues. The thesis looks at the original notion of nudges, their theoretical and empirical bases and the main criticisms of both dimensions. It goes on to outline the problems with Thaler and Sunstein's notion of nudges and proposes an alternative understanding of nudges, advocating dropping the normative connotations of nudges, and focusing on their practical value as a policy tool. The second part includes three empirical studies on attitudes towards nudges: a nationally representative survey (n= 617, e=3.88) of the public acceptability of nudges in Spain, and two experimental studies that explore the acceptability of two types of nudges, automatic nudges that are less noticeable, work with no deliberation and awareness, and reflective nudges that are noticeable, work by engaging deliberation and produce a more reflective response. The empirical part addresses some of the concerns discussed in the theoretical debate and emphasises that the discussion on the acceptability of nudges as policy tools should include considerations about whether people like nudges, which nudges they prefer and the contexts in which they accept their implementation. The results outline three main themes. Firstly, the public acceptability of nudges is high, people favour the use of different nudges applied to both pro-self and pro-social domains and the indication is that people do not categorically oppose nudges. Secondly, the type of nudge is important. People recognise differences between nudges and tend to preferer reflective nudges to automatic nudges. At the same time, the findings in the three studies indicate that people do not categorically oppose the implementation of automatic nudges and support their use in several cases. Thirdly, the acceptability of automatic nudges depends on the context in which they are applied; people support their use when they agree with the aim and when they affect behaviour in low-stake domains. By contrast, their use is not supported when they affect decisions in high-stake domains, such as decisions that involve sensitive or moral issues or decisions that involve economic losses. Overall, the thesis explores arguments in favour of and against nudges and offers ideas and conclusions to give an idea of how nudges could be useful and acceptable tools for policymaking