Estrategias de vida de un relevante pez de arrecife, la fula negra Similiparma lurida (Pomacentridae) en el Noroeste Atlántico

Similiparma lurida is a common fish inhabiting shallow-water rocky bottoms of the northeastern Atlantic oceanic archipelagos, and the coasts from Portugal to Senegal. This study was conceptualized to integrate information relative to key population traits of S. lurida, including length and age structure, growth, reproduction and length at maturity, with a description of abundance patterns on shallow reefs, including temporality of recruitment and habitat preferences by juveniles, sub-adults and adults. We then hypothesized that seasonal cycles of spawning and recruitment were synchronized. This species reaches a total length (TL) of up to 15.7 cm and an age of 18 years. Males grow faster and longer (K=0.28 years–1, L∞=14.487 cm TL) than females (K=0.23 years–1, L∞=13.461 cm TL), which affects the overall ratio of males to females (1:0.26). The size at which 50% of sexual maturity is reached was 10.344 cm TL for males and 8.471 cm TL for females. Fish increase growth during the spawning season, which occurs from November to March, including a maximum in February. After two months of this peak, juveniles reached maximum abundances (April) in high relief reef areas. Adults, however, show a preference towards rocky bottoms covered with algae interspersed with sand patches, suggesting ontogenetic changes in microhabitat preferences when juveniles turn into adultsSimiliparma lurida es un pez común que habita en aguas poco profundas de fondos rocosos someros de los archipiélagos oceánicos del Atlántico Norte, y las costas desde Portugal a Senegal. Este estudio se conceptualizó para integrar información relativa a atributos poblacionales clave de S. lurida, incluyendo: estructura de tallas y edad, crecimiento, reproducción y talla de primera madurez con la descripción de los patrones de abundancia en arrecifes poco profundos, incluyendo la temporalidad en el reclutamiento y preferencias de hábitat por juveniles, sub-adultos y adultos. Esta especie alcanza hasta 15.7 cm de longitud total (LT) y 18 años de edad. Los machos crecen más rápido y son más largos (K=0.28 years–1, L∞=14.487 cm LT) que las hembras (K=0.23 years–1, L∞=13.461 cm LT), lo que afecta a la sex ratio de machos y hembras (1:0.26). El tamaño en el que se alcanza el 50% de la madurez sexual fue 10.344 cm (LT) para los machos y 8.471 cm (LT) para las hembras. El crecimiento es mayor durante la temporada de desove, que ocurre de noviembre a marzo, incluyendo un máximo reproductivo en febrero. Dos meses después de este pico (abril), los juveniles alcanzaron abundancias máximas en zonas de arrecifes de gran relieve. Los adultos, sin embargo, muestran una preferencia hacia los fondos rocosos cubiertos de algas intercaladas con parches de arena, lo que sugiere cambios ontogenéticos en las preferencias de micro-hábitat cuando los juveniles se desarrollan en adultos

Cerámicas griegas arcaicas de inspiración eolia manufacturadas en Huelva, España

Greeks settled in the ancient emporium of Huelva manufactured archaic gray pottery inspired by Aeolian prototypes. Results of Neutron Activation Analysis showed that seven out of 11 specimens analyzed had a chemical composition similar to the loamy clay from local deposits traditionally used in pottery. This gray pottery must have found a good acceptance not only among the resident Greeks, but also among the non-Greek population long before familiarized with the so called “orientalizing gray pottery”, whose coloration and production by reduction firing are similar to the Aeolian one. In the same settlement, two other groups of archaic Greek pottery manufactured in situ had already been identified: one of them characterized by a yellowish-green paste and the other one, conventionally named “Group H”, decorated with red slips comparable to the Phoenician ceramics.Los griegos establecidos en el antiguo emporio de Huelva manufacturaron cerámicas grises arcaicas inspiradas en prototipos eolios. Los análisis por activación neutrónica demostraron que siete de 11 especímenes analizados tenían una composición similar a las arcillas margosas de los depósitos locales tradicionalmente utilizadas en la industria alfarera. Estas cerámicas grises debieron encontrar una buena recepción no solo entre los griegos residentes, sino también entre la población no griega del emporio familiarizada desde mucho antes con la denominada “cerámica gris orientalizante”, de similar coloración y producción por cocción reductora que las eolias. En el mismo asentamiento habían sido identificados otros dos grupos de cerámicas griegas arcaicas manufacturadas in situ: uno caracterizado por una pasta verdosa amarillenta y otro, convencionalmente denominado “Grupo H”, decorado mediante engobes rojos como los fenicios

Projeto de caixas de madeira para manga

[POR] No Brasil as perdas de produtos hortícolas são significativas e dentre as principais causas cita-se o uso de caixas inadequadas e a ausência da cadeia do frio. As caixas para produtos hortícolas disponíveis no mercado, em sua maioria, são desenvolvidas de forma empírica, sem atender às exigências estruturais e área efetiva de aberturas, para facilitar a troca de calor e ventilação. Este trabalho propõe um método de projeto de caixas para mangas (Mangifera Indica L.), baseado em simulação computacional, otimização e validação experimental, buscando minimizar o volume de material construtivo das caixas (madeira de reflorestamento Pinnus Elliotti), associado a aspectos estruturais, ergonômicos e distribuição da área efetiva de aberturas. Foram projetados e construídos três protótipos de caixas, de ripas retas com diferentes configurações e área efetiva de aberturas (54% e 36%). A eficiência do resfriamento das mangas (variedade Tommy Atkins) foi avaliada através da determinação do tempo de resfriamento de 6 kg de frutas, acondicionadas nos três modelos desenvolvidos, e submetidas ao resfriamento rápido num sistema com ar forçado e duas vazões de ar (0,22 m3 s-1 e 0,43 m3 s-1), a uma temperatura de 6ºC e umidade relativa média de 85±2,1%. O tempo de resfriamento das frutas também foi determinado quando a mesma quantidade foi condicionada nas caixas de papelão usadas comercialmente (7% e 0% de área efetiva de abertura). Foi aplicado o Método dos Elementos Finitos implementado no programa ANSYS, para o dimensionamento e otimização estrutural do modelo com o melhor comportamento com relação ao resfriamento. Todas caixas de madeira contendo frutas foram submetidas a ensaios de vibração, por um período de duas horas e uma freqüência de 20 Hz. Não houve diferença significativa no meio tempo de resfriamento dos frutos acondicionados nas caixas de madeira (38,00±1,70 min), no entanto na comparação com as caixas de papelão a diferença foi significativa (82,74±29,58 min). O modelo escolhido para a otimização estrutural possuía 36% de área efetiva de aberturas e duas ripas laterais. Após a otimização a diminuição de volume total de material foi de 60% e a redução da seção transversal das colunas da ordem de 83%, com relação às condições iniciais de projeto. Não houve indícios de danos mecánicos nas frutas depois de submetidas à vibração. A simulação computacional para o estudo estrutural, acoplada a algoritmos de otimização, pode ser usada como ferramenta de apoio para desenvolver projetos de caixas de madeira, com grande aproximação, atendendo a critérios geométricos, ergonômicos e térmicos. [ENG] Horticulture product losses in Brazil are significant and among the main causes for this are the use of inappropriate boxes and the absence of the cold chain. Most of the boxes available in the market for horticulture products are developed empirically without satisfying structural demands and the openings effective area for to facilitate the exchange of heat and ventilation. This study proposes a project method for mango boxes (Mangifera Indica L.) based on computer simulations, optimization and experimental validation, seeking to minimize the amount of construction material for the boxes (reforestation wood-Pinnus Elliotti) associated with structural and ergonomic aspects and the openings effective area. Three box prototypes were designed and built using straight laths with different configurations and openings effective area (54% and 36%). The cooling efficiency the mango (Tommy Atkins variety) was evaluated by determining the cooling time for 6 kg of fruit packed in the three different models and submitted to cooling in a forced-air system and two air flows (0.22 m3 s-1 and 0.43 m3 s-1), at a temperature of 6ºC and average relative humidity of 85±2.1%. Fruit cooling time was also determined when the same amount was packed in the commercially used cardboard boxes (7% and 0% of openings effective area). The Finite Element Method was applied, implemented in the ANSYS program, for the dimensioning and structural optimization of the model with the best behavior in relation to cooling. All wooden boxes with fruit underwent vibration testing for a two hour period at a frequency of 20 Hz. There was no significant difference in average cooling time for fruit packed in the wooden boxes (36.08±1.44 min); however, the difference was significant in comparison to the cardboard boxes (82.63±29.64 min). The model chosen for structural optimization had a 36% openings effective area and two side laths. After optimization, the reduction in total volumen of material was 60% and the reduction in the cross section for columns was about 83% compared to the project’s initial conditions. There was no indication of mechanical damage in the fruit after it underwent vibration testing. Computer simulations for the structural study, together with optimization algorithms, can be used as an effective support tool to develop projects for wooden boxes, with geometric, ergonomic and thermal criteria.Ao CNPq pelo apoio financeiro à pesquisa (Processo no. no.504454/2003-0)

The Chalcolithic necropolis of Los Millares: Radiocarbon dating and an assessment of the diet and the environment from stable isotope analysis

Se presentan en este estudio los resultados de los análisis isotópicos realizados sobre una muestra de restos humanos de la necrópolis calcolítica de Los Millares. Para proceder a su discusión se ha realizado previamente su contextualización cronológica a partir de una serie de dataciones radiocarbónicas y la revisión de la cronología relativa de los sepulcros. Las dataciones muestran el uso de la necrópolis megalítica durante todo el periodo de ocupación de Los Millares, al menos desde 3100/3000 hasta 2200/2100 cal AC. Los resultados del análisis isotópico apoyan las propuestas sobre un incremento en la aridez desde el 2400/2300 cal AC. Además, en una dieta dominada por los recursos terrestres en la que las proteínas suelen proceder del consumo de herbívoros, existe una cierta variabilidad con individuos que pueden haber consumido otros recursos.The results of the isotopic analyses performed on human remains from the Chalcolithic necropolis of Los Millares are presented in this paper. These are contextualized chronologically by a series of radiocarbon dates and, a review of the graves’ relative chronology. The dates show the megalithic necropolis was in use all along the occupation period of Los Millares, at least from 3100/3000 to 2200/2100 cal BC. The isotopic analysis results support the proposals for increasing aridity from 2400/2300 cal BC onwards. Diet is mainly based on land resources, proteins being usually taken from herbivores. However, a certain variability is found among sampled individuals because some of them may have consumed others products.Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco de los proyectos: “Dieta y movilidad en la Prehistoria Reciente de Andalucía. Un estudio de la jerarquización social a partir del registro funerario (P12-HUM-1510, Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía) y “Estrategias agropecuarias y consumo en la Edad del Bronce del sur de la península ibérica. Análisis de plantas, animales y restos humanos” (HAR2016- 80057-P, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad)

Displasia diafisaria progresiva: a propósito del diagnóstico en un caso

El paciente que presentamos es el segundo caso de displasia diafisaria progresiva o enfermedad de Camurati-Engelmann, reportado en nuestro país. El diagnóstico se sospechó por los síntomas típicos de la enfermedad y se estableció por el cuadro radiográfico que presentaba. La encuesta clínica realizada a los familiares, resultó de escasa ayuda en la búsqueda del tipo de herencia, por lo que fue catalogado como una mutación de novo. En la presentación se detallan las manifestaciones clínicas, los elementos radiográficos y el análisis diferencial que ayudaron en el establecimiento del diagnostico definitivo

The structure of a nearshore fish assemblage at an oceanic island: insight from small scale fisheries through bottom traps at Gran Canary Island (Canary Islands, eastern Atlantic)

Unsuitable management of fisheries may lead to overexploitation of marine resources. Oceanic islands with narrow continental shelves, in particular, are sensitive to unsustainable levels of fishing intensity. Fish traps are the modality of artisanal professional fishing more important in the coastal waters of the Canary Islands (eastern Atlantic) to capture demersal resources, which are deployed all year-round and allow a release of undersized captures. We aimed at studying the structure of nearshore fish assemblages through deployment of benthic bottom traps carried out at Gran Canary Island. A quantitative description of catches, in terms of abundance, biomass and sizes, of traps deployed from May to October 2009, between ca. 20 to 50 m depth, was carried out. We used this information to test whether the structure of nearshore fish assemblages at the island scale varied between three zones located at the NW, NE and E of the island with varying habitat structure. A total of 58 species (22 families) were collected for the overall study from a total of 2568 deployed traps. The species Sparisoma cretense (25% of the total biomass), the family Sparidae (16 species, 44%) and Mullus surmuletus (4%) accounted for more than 73% of the total catch in terms of biomass. The parrotfish, S. cretense, was the fish with the largest catches in terms of number of individuals, followed by Dentex gibbosus, Diplodus vulgaris, Stephanolepis hispidus, Chromis limbata and Mullus surmuletus. Differences in the structure of the fish assemblage at the island scale were not predicted by differences in the type of bottom. Fishing yields were similar between the NW (0.16 ± 0.02 kg trap-1 day-1) and NE side of the island (0.19 ± 0.01 kg trap-1 day-1), being lower at the E zone (0.15 ± 0.01 kg trap-1 day-1). The most abundant species, the parrotfish S. cretense, had a mean size close to its first maturity sizes (SFM50), while both D. gibbosus and D. vulgaris were below SFM50. In general, the mean size of Sparids was well below SFM50, an indication of overexploitation, while M. surmuletus and S. hispidus reached a mean size beyond their first maturity sizes

Prototipo de herramienta de desarrollo multiplataforma para dispositivos móviles

Actualmente se presenta un incremento constante en la demanda de aplicaciones móviles debido a la creciente cantidad de dispositivos. Sin embargo, la diversidad de sistemas operativos, lenguajes y estrategias para crear aplicaciones hace que el proceso de crear una aplicación móvil sea complejo y difícil de adaptar a las necesidades de los programadores. Gartner predice que para el fin del 2017 la demanda de desarrollo de aplicaciones móviles dentro de las empresas crecerá al menos 5 veces más que la capacidad de desarrollo de las áreas TI de las empresas (Gartner, 2015)