Comparative study on several type of turbulence model available in ANSYS-fluent software for ONERA M6 wing aerodynamic analysis

ONERA M6 wing model is definitive computational fluid dynamic (CFD) validation case for aerodynamic investigations. Therefore, such investigation on aerodynamic characteristics is conducted with commercial CFD software known as ANSYS-Fluent software. The advantages of this software beside offer various flow solvers, this software also provides a various type of Turbulence Models can be implemented. In the present works, an investigation on capabilities of turbulence models available in the ANSYS-Fluent software based on Boussinesq hypothesis had been studied. The investigation had used five type Turbulence Models for evaluating the aerodynamic characteristics of the ONERA M6 wing model. These five turbulent models are: (1) Spalart-Allmaras, (2) k-ε Standard, (3) k-ε Realizable, (4) k-ω Standard and (5) k-ω SST turbulence models. The flow analysis are carried at two different angle of attacks namely at α = 3.060 and α = 6.060. These two angle of attacks correspond with Mach numbe

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Comparative Study on Several Type of Turbulence Model Available In ANSY-Fluent Software for ONERA M6 Wing Aerodynamic Analysis

Abstract: A modern military aircraft (MMA) has been designed for extreme maneuverability particularly at a high angle of attack during subsonic, transonic or supersonic flight. Most of the wing design for a MMA is either highly swept wing or delta wing. The main purposes of MMA wing design is to avoid shock wave boundary formed at the nose of the fuselage as the speed of the aircraft approaches and exceeds transonic to supersonic speed. It also improves the stability of the aircraft when maneuver. Therefore, such aerodynamics features need to be investigate with used of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method which it is used to analyze the flow characteristic past through a body. The most popular of commercial CFD software is ANSYS-Fluent software. The advantages of this software beside offer various flow solvers, this software   also provides a various type of Turbulence Models can be implemented. In the present works had used five type Turbulence Models for evaluating the aerodynamic characteristics of the ONERA M6 wing model. These five turbulent models are: (1) Spalart-Allmaras, (2) k-ε Standard, (3) k-ε Realizable, (4) k-ω Standard and (5) k-ω SST turbulence models. The flow analysis are carried at two different angle of attacks namely at α = 3.060 and α = 6.060. These two angle of attacks correspond with Mach number = 0.84 and the Reynolds number Re = 11.76×.  The comparison between ANSYS software with the experimental result as provided by AGARD AR-138 in term pressure coefficient distribution at several wing span location and overall aerodynamics characteristics in term lift coefficients shows that among those five turbulence models had been found that Spalart-Allmaras and k-ω SST turbulence model gives result close to the experimental results and the smallest number of iteration for getting a converge solution.  &nbsp