Cystic Fibrosis James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership PROTOCOL [5 February 2016]

The purpose of this protocol is to set out the aims, objectives and commitments of the Cystic Fibrosis Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) and the basic roles and responsibilities of the partners therein

Cystic Fibrosis James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership PROTOCOL [updated 13 July 2016]

The purpose of this protocol is to set out the aims, objectives and commitments of the Cystic Fibrosis Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) and the basic roles and responsibilities of the partners therein

Reanalysis of continuous shellfish monitoring data in pursuit of temporal and spatial patterns of paralytic shellfish toxins in the Puget Sound/Salish Sea

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are of growing concern on the West Coast of North America. The dinoflagellate Alexandrium catanella is known to produce toxins that have the potential to concentrate in shellfish and, when consumed by humans or marine mammals, may result in Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) leading to illness or death. In Puget Sound, the Washington State Department of Health (WDOH) collects and tests shellfish samples to protect the health and safety of shellfish consumers as well as the livelihood of the extensive local shellfish industry. Such data have been collected since the 1950s. We analyze data from 2003 to 2016 which can be mapped onto standard indicator sites for bi-weekly time series and spatial analysis. Our analysis uses a combination of simple regression and visual assessment of maps and graphs to describe patterns within subbasins, as well as larger-scale patterns within the Salish Sea. We also make spatial comparisons between the annual initiation of toxic shellfish beds and A. catanella benthic cyst concentrations. By determining the presence or absence of spatial or temporal trends, we hope to contribute to shellfish sampling efficacy and efficiency, help prioritize shellfish sampling and location, and thereby reduce the risk of human consumption of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins

Cystic Fibrosis James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership PROTOCOL [5 February 2016]

The purpose of this protocol is to set out the aims, objectives and commitments of the Cystic Fibrosis Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) and the basic roles and responsibilities of the partners therein

Cystic Fibrosis James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership PROTOCOL [updated 13 July 2016]

The purpose of this protocol is to set out the aims, objectives and commitments of the Cystic Fibrosis Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) and the basic roles and responsibilities of the partners therein

Setting research priorities for management and treatment of hyperhidrosis: the results of the James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership

© 2022 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Association of Dermatologists. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Summary: Background: Hyperhidrosis is a common skin condition characterized by excessive sweating, which can negatively impact on quality of life. It is under‐researched compared with other conditions of similar prevalence. Aim: To generate a Top 10 list of research priorities for the treatment and management of hyperhidrosis, with equal input from people with hyperhidrosis and healthcare professionals (HCPs). Methods: A priority setting partnership (PSP) was established and processes from the James Lind Alliance Handbook were followed. An online survey asked participants what questions they would like research to answer. These questions were grouped into ‘indicative questions’, which were ranked in a second survey of 45 indicative questions. The top 23 questions were then taken to a final workshop event attended by key stakeholders, and ranked to generate the Top 10 list of research priorities. Results: There were 592 questions submitted by 268 respondents for the first survey. For the second survey, 286 participants ranked the indicative questions in order of priority. At the final workshop, the Top 10 list was generated. The top three priorities were: (i) Are there any safe and effective permanent solutions for hyperhidrosis? (ii) What is the most effective and safe oral treatment (drugs taken by mouth) for hyperhidrosis? and (iii) What are the most effective and safe ways to reduce sweating in particular areas of the body? Conclusions: There are many unanswered research questions that both people with hyperhidrosis and HCPs would like to see answered. The results from this PSP will help to ensure future research funding can be directed to these areas of priority.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Celebrating 20 years of the UK Dermatology Clinical Trials Network: Part 1 – developing and delivering high quality independent clinical trials

The UK Dermatology Clinical Trials Network (UK DCTN) formed in 2002 with the aim of developing and supporting high quality independent national clinical trials that address prioritised research questions for people with skin disease. Its philosophy is to democratise UK dermatological clinical research and to tackle important clinical questions that industry has no incentive to answer. The network also plays a key role in training and capacity development. Its membership of over 1,000 individuals includes dermatology consultants, trainees, dermatology nurses, general practitioners, methodologists and patients. Organisational structures are lean and include a co-ordinating team based at the Centre of Evidence-Based Dermatology, and an executive with independent members to ensure probity and business progression. A prioritisation panel and steering group enable a pipeline of projects to be prioritised and refined for external funding from independent sources. The UK DCTN has supported and completed 12 national clinical trials, attracting investment of over £15 million into UK clinical dermatology research. Trials have covered a range of interventions from drugs such as doxycycline (BLISTER), silk clothing for eczema (CLOTHES) or surgical interventions for hidradenitis suppurativa (THESEUS). Trials results are published in prestigious journals and have global impact. Genuine partnership with patients and carers has been a strong feature of the network since its inception. The UK DCTN is proud of its first 20 years of collaborative work and aims to remain at the forefront of independent dermatological health technology assessment as well as expanding into areas including diagnostics, AI, efficient studies and innovative designs

Patterns and correlates of tobacco control behavior among american association of pediatric dentistry members: a cross-sectional national study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To determine the tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors among US pediatric dentists.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A survey was conducted in 1998 among a national, random sample of 1500 American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry members. Chi-square tests and logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals assessed factors related to pediatric dentists' tobacco control behaviors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Response was 65% for the survey. Only 12% of respondents had prior tobacco prevention/cessation training. Of those untrained, 70% were willing to be trained. Less than two-thirds correctly answered any of four tobacco-related knowledge items. Over one-half agreed pediatric dentists should engage in tobacco control behaviors, but identified patient resistance as a barrier. About 24% of respondents reported always/often asking their adolescent patients about tobacco use; 73% reported always/often advising known tobacco users to quit; and 37% of respondents always/often assisting with stopping tobacco use. Feeling prepared to perform tobacco control behaviors (ORs = 1.9–2.8), a more positive attitude score (4 points) from 11 tobacco-related items (ORs = 1.5–1.8), and a higher statewide tobacco use prevalence significantly predicted performance of tobacco control behaviors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Findings suggest thatraining programs on tobacco use and dependence treatment in the pediatric dental setting may be needed to promote tobacco control behaviors for adolescent patients.</p

Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Global DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44–2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64–3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7–17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8–6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7–10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0–234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7–198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3–214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0–171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3–51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9–52·9). Non-communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54–1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5–9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age-standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0–19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9–21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0–17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7–27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6–63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4–64·7) in 2021. However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6–2·9) between 2019 and 2021. Interpretation: Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decades. Funding: Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation

What does student engagement and connection to school mean to senior students?

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Melbourne, Faculty of Education, 2007The issue of promoting mental health within primary and secondary schools has been an important State and Federal government initiative over the last ten years. Research has shown that students who experience connection and engagement feel positively about themselves, acquire resiliency skills and have hope for the future. The college, highlighted in this study, although not working from a specific Health Promoting Schools' Framework, appears to have created its own effective model. This study used qualitative methods in the form of a case study of a Catholic boys' school to ascertain if senior students experienced connection and engagement and asked them to articulate why this did or did not occur. Three focus groups were used and the study focused on three aspects: whether senior students experienced connection and engagement; how the school facilitated or hindered this; and if the students themselves could articulate their understanding of both of these somewhat abstract terms