The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation

The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation of the Dirac Hamiltonian is generally taught as simply a mathematical trick that allows one to obtain a two-component theory in the low-energy limit. It is not often emphasized that the transformed representation is the only one in which one can take a meaningful *classical limit*, in terms of particles and antiparticles. We briefly review the history and physics of this transformation.Comment: Standard LaTeX, 6 page

Electromagnetic Deflection of Spinning Particles

We show that it is possible to obtain self-consistent and physically acceptable relativistic classical equations of motion for a point-like spin-half particle possessing an electric charge and a magnetic dipole moment, directly from a manifestly covariant Lagrangian, if the classical degrees of freedom are appropriately chosen. It is shown that the equations obtained encompass the well-tested Lorentz force and Thomas--Bargmann--Michel--Telegdi spin equations, as well as providing a definite specification of the classical _magnetic_dipole_ force_, whose exact form has been the subject of recent debate. Radiation reaction---the force and torque on an accelerated particle due to its self-interaction---is neglected at this stage.Comment: 18 pp. (latex, uses revtex 3), UM-P-92/9

Organizational and Policy Responses of Flint Area Hospitals to the Medicare Prospective Payment System

In 1983, Congress approved a Medicare prospective payment plan for most inpatient hospital services which is widely regarded as the most significant change in the government health insurance program since its beginning. The radically altered reimbursement incentives inherent in DRG-based prospective payment produce different contingencies and constraints that, in turn, require dramatically different organizational and policy responses by hospitals. This paper describes a study designed to determine the extent to which local, Flint area hospitals are choosing the predicted, advised responses, what institutional variables are operating to influence those choices, and whether there is evidence that government policy intent will be achieved. Interviews conducted with senior administrators at five sample hospitals confirmed that medical and financial information systems are being enhanced and integrated, outpatient services are expanding, hospitals are becoming more diversified in the types of services they provide, and vertically integrated healthcare provider systems are developing in response to the prospective pricing plan. Contrary to expectation, and legislative intent, little evidence was found of service (DRG) specialization by hospitals or greater physician administrative involvement. Nor are hospitals restructuring internally to a product-line, matrix management approach in response to the Medicare reimbursement policy change.Master of Public AdministrationPublic AdministrationUniversity of Michigan-Flinthttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143476/1/McKellar.pd

A fossil species of the primitive mymarid genus Borneomymar (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in Eocene Baltic amber

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from https://journals.ku.edu/index.php/paleoent/article/view/4651A new fossil species of fairyfly (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) is described and figured from a well-preserved female in middle Eocene (Lutetian) Baltic amber as Borneomymar pankowskiorum Engel, McKellar, & Huber, new species. This species represents the fourth genus from Baltic amber whose extant species now occur only in southeastern Asia, Australia and Madagasca

Classical antiparticles

We review how antiparticles may be introduced in classical relativistic mechanics, and emphasize that many of their paradoxical properties can be more transparently understood in the classical than in the quantum domain.Comment: 14 pages, standard LaTeX, no figures, no macros. To be published in the American Journal of Physics. Ref [1] is archived here as hep-ph/950341

Practice characteristics of Emergency Department extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) programs in the United States: The current state of the art of Emergency Department extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ED ECMO).

PURPOSE: To characterize the current scope and practices of centers performing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) on the undifferentiated patient with cardiac arrest in the emergency department. METHODS: We contacted all US centers in January 2016 that had submitted adult eCPR cases to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry and surveyed them, querying for programs that had performed eCPR in the Emergency Department (ED ECMO). Our objective was to characterize the following domains of ED ECMO practice: program characteristics, patient selection, devices and techniques, and personnel. RESULTS: Among 99 centers queried, 70 responded. Among these, 36 centers performed ED ECMO. Nearly 93% of programs are based at academic/teaching hospitals. 65% of programs are less than 5 years old, and 60% of programs perform ≤3 cases per year. Most programs (90%) had inpatient eCPR or salvage ECMO programs prior to starting ED ECMO programs. The majority of programs do not have formal inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most programs preferentially obtain vascular access via the percutaneous route (70%) and many (40%) use mechanical CPR during cannulation. The most commonly used console is the Maquet Rotaflow(®). Cannulation is most often performed by cardiothoracic (CT) surgery, and nearly all programs (\u3e85%) involve CT surgeons, perfusionists, and pharmacists. CONCLUSIONS: Over a third of centers that submitted adult eCPR cases to ELSO have performed ED ECMO. These programs are largely based at academic hospitals, new, and have low volumes. They do not have many formal inclusion or exclusion criteria, and devices and techniques are variable

Cenozoic oil-shale deposits in southeastern-central Queensland: palynostratigraphic age determinations and correlations for the Biloela Formation (Biloela Basin) in GSQ Monto 5

Fossil pollen and spores recovered from core chips of the Biloela Formation between 41.5 and 219.0m in GSQ Monto 5: Confirm that freshwater, lacustrine sediments infilling the inland Biloela Basin c. 110km southwest of Gladstone are a correlative of the oil-shale-rich Rundle Formation in the Narrows Graben near Gladstone on the central Queensland coast. Provide, within the resolution achieved by using palynostratigraphic-dating criteria, the first known evidence that the upper part of the Biloela Formation is Late Eocene–Early Oligocene. At present, the strongest evidence that the section is Late Eocene is the close similarity of the microflora to Late Eocene assemblages in the offshore Gippsland Basin in southeastern Australia. An Early (earliest?) Oligocene age is equally probable if age-range data from the Murray Basin, southeastern Australia, are used. Differences in the age range of fossil species shared with southeastern Australia emphasise caution is needed when using zonation schemata developed for the continental margin Gippsland Basin and/or epicontinental Murray Basin to date Cenozoic deposits in central QueenslandThis report was commisioned by Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mine

An Analytic Variational Study of the Mass Spectrum in 2+1 Dimensional SU(3) Hamiltonian Lattice Gauge Theory

We calculate the masses of the lowest lying eigenstates of improved SU(2) and SU(3) lattice gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions using an analytic variational approach. The ground state is approximated by a one plaquette trial state and mass gaps are calculated in the symmetric and antisymmetric sectors by minimising over a suitable basis of rectangular states

Pore Shape Modification of a Microporous Metal-Organic Framework Using High Pressure:Accessing a New Phase with Oversized Guest Molecules

The authors thank the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the Scottish Government for a fellowship to S.A.M. The authors thank EPSRC (EP/J02077X/1) and Leverhulme Trust for a research project grant (RPG-209) for financial support. They also thank the UK Carr Parinello consortium for allocation of computing time on the EPSRC high performance computing resource ARCHER (managed by the Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre, the EaSTCHEM Research Computing Facility and the University of Edinburgh ECDF facility).Pressures up to 0.8 GPa have been used to squeeze a range of sterically "oversized" C5-C8 alkane guest molecules into the cavities of a small-pore Sc-based metal?organic framework. Guest inclusion causes a pronounced reorientation of the aromatic rings of one-third of the terephthalate linkers, which act as "torsion springs", resulting in a fully reversible change in the local pore structure. The study demonstrates how pressure-induced guest uptake can be used to investigate framework flexibility relevant to "breathing" behavior and to understand the uptake of guest molecules in MOFs relevant to hydrocarbon separation.PostprintPeer reviewe