9 research outputs found
Determinants of brand preference in drip irrigation system with special reference to coconut farmers
Oligonucleotide and Water Self-Diffusion in Systems of Pluronic Triblock Copolymers and in Buffer Solutions by Pulsed Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Data from: Susceptibility of amphibians to chytridiomycosis is associated with MHC class II conformation
The pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) can cause precipitous population declines in its amphibian hosts. Responses of individuals to infection vary greatly with the capacity of their immune system to respond to the pathogen. We used a combination of comparative and experimental approaches to identify major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) alleles encoding molecules that foster the survival of Bd-infected amphibians. We found that Bd-resistant amphibians across four continents share common amino acids in three binding pockets of the MHC-II antigen-binding groove. Moreover, strong signals of selection acting on these specific sites were evident among all species co-existing with the pathogen. In the laboratory, we experimentally inoculated Australian tree frogs with Bd to test how each binding pocket conformation influences disease resistance. Only the conformation of MHC-II pocket 9 of surviving subjects matched those of Bd-resistant species. This MHC-II conformation thus may determine amphibian resistance to Bd, although other MHC-II binding pockets also may contribute to resistance. Rescuing amphibian biodiversity will depend on our understanding of amphibian immune defence mechanisms against Bd. The identification of adaptive genetic markers for Bd resistance represents an important step forward towards that goal
dataset2-lva
Genotyping results for 9 microsatellite markers and the exon2 of one MHC class II locus for Litoria verreauxii alpina wild population
Characterization of IS1110, a highly mobile genetic element from Mycobacterium avium
[EN] A highly mobile insertion sequence designated IS1110 was detected in Mycobacterium avium strain LR541 following an observed increase in size of the plasmid pLR20. Genomic libraries of M. avium strains carrying either parental pLR20 or the modified plasmid (pLR20') were constructed and the sequence of the relevant clones was determined to characterize the insertion sequence and the target region. IS1110 Is a 1457bp element lacking terminal inverted repeats, and is related to IS900 (from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis), IS901 and IS902 (from M. avium) and to IS116 (from Streptomyces clavuligerus). LR541 carries several copies of IS1110. Individual colonies from the same plate show differences in Southern blot patterns when tested with an IS1110-derived probe; the ability to detect transposition events in random colonies, without any selection pressure, indicates an exceptionally high degree of mobility, which will be invaluable for transposon mutagenesis. Analyses of M. avium isolates from human, veterinary, and environmental sources showed that IS1110-hybridizing sequences are present in some M. avium isolates but they were not detected in strains of other mycobacterial species. The polymorphism exhibited in M. avium isolates suggests that this element may be useful for molecular epidemiological studies f M. avium infections.We are grateful for support from the Medical Research Council (Grant No. SPG 8825658), the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Grant No. PG90 52552468), and the Commission of the European Communities. Our thanks are due to Jack Crawford for provision of strain LR541, and to JohnJoe McFadden and Tim Doran for helpful discussions. This work benefitted from the use of the SERC SEQNET facility at Daresbury.Hernández Pérez, M.; Fomukong, N.; Hellyer, T.; Brown, I.; Dale, J. (1994). Characterization of IS1110, a highly mobile genetic element from Mycobacterium avium. Molecular Microbiology. 12(5):717-724. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01059.xS717724125Dellagostin, O. A., Wall, S., Norman, E., O’Shaughnessy, T., Dale, J. W., & McFadden, J. (1993). Construction and use of integrative vectors to express foreign genes in mycobacteria. Molecular Microbiology, 10(5), 983-993. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00970.xEngland, P. M., Wall, S., & McFadden, J. (1991). IS900-promoted stable integration of a foreign gene into mycobacteria. Molecular Microbiology, 5(8), 2047-2052. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00827.xFomukong, N. G., Dale, J. W., Osborn, T. W., & Grange, J. M. (1992). Use of gene probes based on the insertion sequence IS986 to differentiate between BCG vaccine strains. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 72(2), 126-133. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb01813.xFulks, K. A., Marrs, C. F., Stevens, S. P., & Green, M. R. (1990). Sequence analysis of the inversion region containing the pilin genes of Moraxella bovis. Journal of Bacteriology, 172(1), 310-316. doi:10.1128/jb.172.1.310-316.1990Green, E. P., Tizard, M. L. V., Moss, M. T., Thompson, J., Winterbourne, D. J., McFadden, J. J., & Hermon-Taylor, J. (1989). Sequence and characteristics or IS900, an insertion element identified in a human Crohn’s disease isolate orMycobacterium paratuberculosis. Nucleic Acids Research, 17(22), 9063-9073. doi:10.1093/nar/17.22.9063Hampson, S. J., Thompson, J., Moss, M. T., Portaels, F., Green, E. P., Hermon-Taylor, J., & Mcfadden, J. J. (1989). DNA PROBES DEMONSTRATE A SINGLE HIGHLY CONSERVED STRAIN OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM INFECTING AIDS PATIENTS. The Lancet, 333(8629), 65-68. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91427-xHellyer, T. J., Brown, I. N., Dale, J. W., & Easmon, C. S. F. (1991). Plasmid analysis of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) isolated in the United Kingdom from patients with and without AIDS. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 34(4), 225-231. doi:10.1099/00222615-34-4-225Hermans, P. W., van Soolingen, D., Dale, J. W., Schuitema, A. R., McAdam, R. A., Catty, D., & van Embden, J. D. (1990). Insertion element IS986 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a useful tool for diagnosis and epidemiology of tuberculosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 28(9), 2051-2058. doi:10.1128/jcm.28.9.2051-2058.1990Higgins, D. G., & Sharp, P. M. (1988). CLUSTAL: a package for performing multiple sequence alignment on a microcomputer. Gene, 73(1), 237-244. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(88)90330-7Horsburgh, C. R. (1992). Epidemiology of mycobacterial diseases in AIDS. Research in Microbiology, 143(4), 372-377. doi:10.1016/0923-2508(92)90048-sJohnson, M. S., McClure, M. A., Feng, D. F., Gray, J., & Doolittle, R. F. (1986). Computer analysis of retroviral pol genes: assignment of enzymatic functions to specific sequences and homologies with nonviral enzymes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 83(20), 7648-7652. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.20.7648Kunze, Z. M., Wall, S., Appelberg, R., Silva, M. T., Portaels, F., & McFadden, J. J. (1991). IS901, a new member of a widespread class of atypical insertion sequences, is associated with pathogenicity inMycobacterium avium. Molecular Microbiology, 5(9), 2265-2272. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02157.xKunze, Z. M., Portaels, F., & McFadden, J. J. (1992). Biologically distinct subtypes of Mycobacterium avium differ in possession of insertion sequence IS901. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30(9), 2366-2372. doi:10.1128/jcm.30.9.2366-2372.1992Leskiw, B. K., Mevarech, M., Barritt, L. S., Jensen, S. E., Henderson, D. J., Hopwood, D. A., … Chater, K. F. (1990). Discovery of an insertion sequence, IS116, from Streptomyces clavuligerus and its relatedness to other transposable elements from actinomycetes. Journal of General Microbiology, 136(7), 1251-1258. doi:10.1099/00221287-136-7-1251McFadden, J. J., Butcher, P. D., Chiodini, R., & Hermon-Taylor, J. (1987). Crohn’s disease-isolated mycobacteria are identical to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, as determined by DNA probes that distinguish between mycobacterial species. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 25(5), 796-801. doi:10.1128/jcm.25.5.796-801.1987McFadden, J. J., Butcher, P. D., Thompson, J., Chiodini, R., & Hermon-Taylor, J. (1987). The use of DNA probes identifying restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms to examine the Mycobacterium avium complex. Molecular Microbiology, 1(1), 283-291. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1987.tb01934.xMcFadden, J. J., Kunze, Z. M., Portaels, F., Labrousse, V., & Rastogi, N. (1992). Epidemiological and genetic markers, virulence factors and intracellular growth of Mycobacterium avium in AIDS. Research in Microbiology, 143(4), 423-430. doi:10.1016/0923-2508(92)90057-uMarrs, C. F., Rozsa, F. W., Hackel, M., Stevens, S. P., & Glasgow, A. C. (1990). Identification, cloning, and sequencing of piv, a new gene involved in inverting the pilin genes of Moraxella lacunata. Journal of Bacteriology, 172(8), 4370-4377. doi:10.1128/jb.172.8.4370-4377.1990Meissner, P. S., & Falkinham, J. O. (1986). Plasmid DNA Profiles as Epidemiological Markers for Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 153(2), 325-331. doi:10.1093/infdis/153.2.325Moss, M. T., Malik, Z. P., Tizard, M. L. V., Green, E. P., Sanderson, J. D., & Hermon-Taylor, J. (1992). IS902, an insertion element of the chronic-enteritis-causing Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum. Journal of General Microbiology, 138(1), 139-145. doi:10.1099/00221287-138-1-139Murray, A., Winter, N., Lagranderie, M., Hill, D. F., Rauzier, J., Timm, J., … Gicquel, B. (1992). Expression of Escherichia coli ?-galactosidase in Mycobacterium bovis BCG using an expression system isolated from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis which induced humoral and cellular immune responses. Molecular Microbiology, 6(22), 3331-3342. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb02201.xTIZARD, M. L. V., MOSS, M. T., SANDERSON, J. D., AUSTEN, B. M., & HERMON-TAYLOR, J. (1992). p43, the protein product of the atypical insertion sequence IS900, is expressed in Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Journal of General Microbiology, 138(8), 1729-1736. doi:10.1099/00221287-138-8-1729Young, L. S., Inderlied, C. B., Berlin, O. G., & Gottlieb, M. S. (1986). Mycobacterial Infections in. AIDS Patients, with an Emphasis on the Mycobacterium avium Complex. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 8(6), 1024-1033. doi:10.1093/clinids/8.6.102