Engaging educated islands: an examination of the collaborative process of creating the 2009 Venice Biennale art education resource for Australian school students

This paper describes the process of creating an electronic national art education resource based on the 2009 Venice Biennale for K-12 students throughout Australia. Australian artists have been consistently represented for over thirty years at the Venice Biennale with the support of the Australia Council, the Australian Government's premier art and advisory body. The collaborative process of creating the national art education resource is based on Community Cultural Development (CCD) practices advocated by the Australia Council. This process has brought together a range of people from the field of art education under the CCD guiding principles of: self-determination, sustainability, access, diversity and cultural democracy. This paper will describe the journey of three researchers involved in the process of creating the resource and how they experienced and engaged with the guiding principles of community cultural development. In addition it will examine the aims of this resource in providing young people with electronic access to a diverse range of Australian artists and their practices and in the process creating a site for critical and reflective engagement concerning a range of contemporary issues such as increased awareness of environmental issues

Blood in a Wine Glass: Dionysian Vampires in Modern Horror

In this paper I argue that Dionysus, as depicted in Euripides\u27s Bacchae, has structural similarities and shared features with modern vampires, as depicted in works by Le Fanu, Stoker, and Rice

Responsibility - A Foreign Perspective on Four Issues in the Master of Arts in Teaching Program

This paper is a foreign perspective on four issues: Responsibility and Student-Centered Learning, Group Process, Experiential Learning, and Culture and Individuality in the Master of Arts in Teaching Program at the School for International Training, Brattleboro, Vermont. Personal Experiences as a student and student-teacher are combined to address these issues as they relate to foreign students at the school. The central theme is responsibility. Each section marks a disctinct stage and describes the author\u27s development of the ability to take responsibility for learning in a system that is fundamentally different from her own. The author concludes with the view that foreign students are in a position of greater vulnerability at the school

PROTEOLYTIC CONTAMINANTS OF CRYSTALLINE RIBONUCLEASE

1. The ability of crystalline ribonuclease to hydrolyze proteins is due to impurities present in the preparations and not to an intrinsic property of the ribonuclease molecule. The amounts of these impurities vary enormously with different preparations. 2. The dangers inherent in the use of crystalline enzymes as specific tools, without assaying them for all possible interfering impurities, are emphasized

Herbivory in Antarctic fossil forests and comparisons with modern analogues in Chile

During the Tertiary (-50 million years ago) forests were present in Antarctica, but fossil evidence of insect life in the forests is rare. Extensive fossil floras from Antarctica contain evidence of insect herbivory on the leaves; these provide indirect evidence of past insect life. Such preservation of the behaviour of insects (insect trace fossil) can be used to examine the diversity of insects that lived in the forests of Antarctica in the past. Palaeogene (65 Ma - 35 Ma) fossil floras from two localities on the Antarctic Peninsula (King George Island and Seymour Island) were examined for the presence of insect trace fossils. Fossil leaves were preserved as impressions and compressions within siltstones and sandstones and represent leaves that were preserved within a quiet lake environment (King George Island) or shallow marine setting (Seymour Island). The floras were dominated by leaf morphotypes that resemble modem Nothofagaceae (Southern beeches), but leaves similar to other Southern Hemisphere families were also present, including the Cunoniaceae, Proteaceae and Lauraceae. Over 2,000 fossil leaves were examined for traces of past insect activity. Over 150 fossil leaves (6.9%) contained evidence of feeding traces on the leaves (54 trace types from King George Island and 19 from Seymour Island). The trace fossils were grouped into four functional feeding types: general leaf chewing, skeleton feeding, leaf mines and leaf galls. General leaf chewing was the most common trace type at both localities and leaf mines the least common. The nearest living analogues of the Antarctic Palaeogene forests are the Valdivian and Magellanic forests of Chile and so insect activity in these forests was studied in order to understand past insect activity in Antarctica. The diversity of insect traces in the Chilean forests was investigated at six sites within National Parks, covering a latitudinal range between 37°S and 55°S. Insects associated with two deciduous species, Nothofagus pumilio and Nothofagus antarctica, were of particular focus. The factors that affected the level of insect damage and the proportion of leaf mines and galls included height within the tree, orientation of leaf within the tree, altitude, season, leaf age, latitude, plant species and insect species. Insects which created similar general leaf chewing traces in the modem forests in Chile similar to those on the fossil leaves were larvae of Lepidoptera (Geometridae), Hymenoptera (Symphyta) and the larvae and adults of Coleoptera (Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Cerambycidae). Leaf mines were created by species of Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. Species of Diptera (Cecidomyiidae) and Hymenoptera (Cynipidae) created leaf galls. Other invertebrates (Acari (Eriophyidae) and Nematoda (Tylenchid)) also created leaf galls in Chile, similar to fossil leaf galls from Antarctica. Herbivory types on the fossil flora from King George Island were most similar to modem types in Puyehue (a northern study site, Chile) and those from Seymour Island were most similar to Torres in the south, indicating a possible climatic control on their distribution. Based on this relationship, estimates of palaeoclimate of Antarctica suggest that the climate of King George Island to the west of the Peninsula was warmer and wetter (3.5°C -lO.4°C mean annual temperature, 3.5°C - 24.3°C maximum and minimum mean monthly temperature and 1500 mm annual precipitation) than the cooler and more stable environment at Seymour Island to the east (3.5°C -lO.4°C mean annual temperature, -0.4°C -16°C maximum and minimum mean monthly temperature, and 570 mm annual precipitation). The studies of fossil and modem insect traces in Antarctica and Chile have provided a unique opportunity to reconstruct past insect life of Antarctica during the Palaeogene. This is the first documented evidence of insect life during the Palaeogene on Antarctica and highlights the value of modem analogue comparisons to obtain a greater insight into past insect ecology

The oversight of the UK Intelligence and Security Services in relation to their alleged complicity in Extraordinary Rendition.

Allegations that the UK Secret Intelligence Service and Security Service were complicit in extraordinary rendition in the “War on Terror” raise concerns about the effectiveness of the existing UK intelligence oversight framework. This thesis analyses the response of oversight institutions to the allegations, and considers their ability to provide meaningful intelligence oversight, both individually and holistically. It considers an oversight framework based on the separation of powers, in which the state institutions have complementary roles. This thesis argues that the existing legislative oversight framework is outdated and that although due weight should be afforded to national security concerns, the current balance lies too far in favour of the executive. Both the Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC) and judiciary require greater powers to provide meaningful oversight. There is also an increasing role for civil society and transnational organisations, especially given the difficulties international intelligence cooperation poses for domestic intelligence oversight. The thesis considers: (1) the legislative oversight framework and law relating to extraordinary rendition; (2) the global intelligence landscape in which the UK intelligence and security agencies operate, and effect of increasing international intelligence cooperation; (3) executive oversight and the relationship between the executive and the UK agencies; (4) the structure and powers of the ISC, and its reports concerning extraordinary rendition; (5) the role of the judiciary within intelligence oversight, and judgments made in the context of extraordinary rendition; (6) the increasing role for non-traditional actors, including Non-Governmental and Transnational Organisations and the Press

THE INACTIVATION OF DILUTE SOLUTIONS OF CRYSTALLINE TRYPSIN BY X-RADIATION : II. EFFECTS OF ENZYME CONCENTRATION, MEDIUM, PH, AND TEMPERATURE

The proteolytic activity of dilute solutions of clystalline trypsin is destroyed by x-rays, the amount of inactivation being an exponential function of the radiation dose. The reaction yield increases steadily with increasing concentration of trypsin, varying, as the concentration of enzyme is increased from 1 to 300 µM, from 0.068 to 0.958 micromole of trypsin per liter inactivated per 1000 r with 0.005 N hydrochloric acid as the solvent, from 0.273 to 0.866 with 0.005 N sulfuric acid as the solvent, and from 0.343 to 0.844 with 0.005 N nitric acid as the solvent. When the reaction yields are plotted as a function of the initial concentration of trypsin, they fall on a curve given by the expression Y α XK, in which Y is the reaction yield, X is the concentration of trypsin, and K is a constant equal to 0.46, 0.20, and 0.16, respectively, with 0.005 N hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids as solvents. The differences between the reaction yields found with chloride and sulfate ions in I to 10 µM trypsin solutions are significant only in the pH range from 2 to 4. The amount of inactivation obtained with a given dose of x-rays depends on the pH of the solution being irradiated and the nature of the solvent. The reaction yield-pH curve is a symmetrical one, with minimum yields at about pH 7. Buffers such as acetate, citrate, borate and barbiturate, and other organic molecules such as ethanol and glucose, in concentrations as low as 20 µM, inhibit the inactivation of trypsin by x-radiation. Sigmoid inactivation-dose curves instead of exponential ones are obtained in the presence of ethanol. The reaction yields for the inactivation of trypsin solutions by x-rays are approximately 1.5 times greater when the irradiation is done at 26°C. than when it is done at 5°C., when 0.005 N hydrochloric acid is the solvent. The dependence on temperature is less when 0.005 N sulfuric acid is used, and is negligible with 0.005 N nitric acid. The difficulties involved in interpreting radiation effects in aqueous systems, and in comparing the results obtained under different experimental conditions, are discussed