306 research outputs found
Gen Z and Digital Distractions in the Classroom: Student Classroom Use of Digital Devices for Non-Class Related Purposes
A 2019 survey of college students examined classroom-learning distractions caused by their use of digital devices for non-class purposes. The purpose of the survey, part of an on-going study, was to learn more about students’ behaviors and perceptions regarding their classroom uses of digital devices for non-class purposes. The survey included 986 respondents in 37 U.S. states and 47 respondents in Alberta, Canada. A significant feature of the study was its measurement of frequency and duration of students’ classroom digital distractions as well as respondents’ motivations for engaging in the distracting behavior. Respondents averaged 19.4% of class time using a digital device for non-class purposes. The average respondent used a digital device 9.06 times during a typical school day in the 2019 survey for non-class purposes. On a weighted average, survey respondents indicated they would turn-off all non-class digital distractions if their instructor gave them 7.8% extra credit on their final class grade
From Form Factors to Correlation Functions: The Ising Model
Using exact expressions for the Ising form factors, we give a new very simple
proof that the spin-spin and disorder-disorder correlation functions are
governed by the Painlev\'e III non linear differential equation. We also show
that the generating function of the correlation functions of the descendents of
the spin and disorder operators is a -soliton, , -function
of the sinh-Gordon hierarchy. We discuss a relation of our approach to
isomonodromy deformation problems, as well as further possible generalizations.Comment: SPhT-92-062; LPTHE-92-2
Basic hardware interconnection mechanisms for building multiple microcomputer systems
This report presents the current results of a research project which has been concerned with methods for designing and implementing multiple microcomputer systems. The design method is based upon identifying hardware interconnection primitives which may be used to construct the interconnection subsystem which characterizes a given multicomputer architecture. An actual experimental system has been constructed which will permit building nine of ten systems in the Anderson and Jensen architecture taxonomy. (Author)Supported in part by the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut and in part by
the Department of Computer Science, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Californiahttp://archive.org/details/basichardwareint00careNAApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Universal, finite temperature, crossover functions of the quantum transition in the Ising chain in a transverse field
We consider finite temperature properties of the Ising chain in a transverse
field in the vicinity of its zero temperature, second order quantum phase
transition. New universal crossover functions for static and dynamic
correlators of the ``spin'' operator are obtained. The static results follow
from an early lattice computation of McCoy, and a method of analytic
continuation in the space of coupling constants. The dynamic results are in the
``renormalized classical'' region and follow from a proposed mapping of the
quantum dynamics to the Glauber dynamics of a classical Ising chain.Comment: substantial re-arrangement of presentation, but no additional result
Finite temperature correlations in the one-dimensional quantum Ising model
We extend the form-factors approach to the quantum Ising model at finite
temperature. The two point function of the energy is obtained in closed form,
while the two point function of the spin is written as a Fredholm determinant.
Using the approach of \Korbook, we obtain, starting directly from the continuum
formulation, a set of six differential equations satisfied by this two point
function. Four of these equations involve only spacetime derivatives, of which
three are equivalent to the equations obtained earlier in \mccoy,\perk. In
addition, we obtain two new equations involving a temperature derivative. Some
of these results are generalized to the Ising model on the half line with a
magnetic field at the origin.Comment: 37 pages, uses harvmac, minor changes in the last two paragraphs,
updating some conjecture
Exact expectation values of local fields in quantum sine-Gordon model
We propose an explicit expression for vacuum expectation values of the
exponential fields in the sine-Gordon model. Our expression agrees both with
semi-classical results in the sine-Gordon theory and with perturbative
calculations in the Massive Thirring model. We use this expression to make new
predictions about the large-distance asymptotic form of the two-point
correlation function in the XXZ spin chain.Comment: 18 pages, harvmac.tex, 2 figure
A cryogenic liquid-mirror telescope on the moon to study the early universe
We have studied the feasibility and scientific potential of zenith observing
liquid mirror telescopes having 20 to 100 m diameters located on the moon. They
would carry out deep infrared surveys to study the distant universe and follow
up discoveries made with the 6 m James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), with more
detailed images and spectroscopic studies. They could detect objects 100 times
fainter than JWST, observing the first, high-red shift stars in the early
universe and their assembly into galaxies. We explored the scientific
opportunities, key technologies and optimum location of such telescopes. We
have demonstrated critical technologies. For example, the primary mirror would
necessitate a high-reflectivity liquid that does not evaporate in the lunar
vacuum and remains liquid at less than 100K: We have made a crucial
demonstration by successfully coating an ionic liquid that has negligible vapor
pressure. We also successfully experimented with a liquid mirror spinning on a
superconducting bearing, as will be needed for the cryogenic, vacuum
environment of the telescope. We have investigated issues related to lunar
locations, concluding that locations within a few km of a pole are ideal for
deep sky cover and long integration times. We have located ridges and crater
rims within 0.5 degrees of the North Pole that are illuminated for at least
some sun angles during lunar winter, providing power and temperature control.
We also have identified potential problems, like lunar dust. Issues raised by
our preliminary study demand additional in-depth analyses. These issues must be
fully examined as part of a scientific debate we hope to start with the present
article.Comment: 35 pages, 11 figures. To appear in Astrophysical Journal June 20 200
Difference Equations in Spin Chains with a Boundary
Correlation functions and form factors in vertex models or spin chains are
known to satisfy certain difference equations called the quantum
Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations. We find similar difference equations for the
case of semi-infinite spin chain systems with integrable boundary conditions.
We derive these equations using the properties of the vertex operators and the
boundary vacuum state, or alternatively through corner transfer matrix
arguments for the 8-vertex model with a boundary. The spontaneous boundary
magnetization is found by solving such difference equations. The boundary
-matrix is also proposed and compared, in the sine-Gordon limit, with
Ghoshal--Zamolodchikov's result. The axioms satisfied by the form factors in
the boundary theory are formulated.Comment: 28 pages, LaTeX with amssymbols.sty, 7 uuencoded postscript figure
gl(N|N) Super-Current Algebras for Disordered Dirac Fermions in Two Dimensions
We consider the non-hermitian 2D Dirac Hamiltonian with (A): real random
mass, imaginary scalar potential and imaginary gauge field potentials, and (B)
arbitrary complex random potentials of all three kinds. In both cases this
Hamiltonian gives rise to a delocalization transition at zero energy with
particle-hole symmetry in every realization of disorder. Case (A) is in
addition time-reversal invariant, and can also be interpreted as the
random-field XY Statistical Mechanics model in two dimensions. The
supersymmetric approach to disorder averaging results in current-current
perturbations of super-current algebras. Special properties of the
algebra allow the exact computation of the beta-functions, and of the
correlation functions of all currents. One of them is the Edwards-Anderson
order parameter. The theory is `nearly conformal' and possesses a
scale-invariant subsector which is not a current algebra. For N=1, in addition,
we obtain an exact solution of all correlation functions. We also study the
delocalization transition of case (B), with broken time reversal symmetry, in
the Gade-Wegner (Random-Flux) universality class, using a GL(N|N;C)/U(N|N)
sigma model, as well as its PSL(N|N) variant, and a corresponding generalized
random XY model. For N=1 the sigma model is shown to be identical to the
current-current perturbation. For the delocalization transitions (case (A) and
(B)) a density of states, diverging at zero energy, is found.Comment: LaTeX, 40 page
Mass Generation in Perturbed Massless Integrable Models
We extend form-factor perturbation theory to non--integrable deformations of
massless integrable models, in order to address the problem of mass generation
in such systems. With respect to the standard renormalisation group analysis
this approach is more suitable for studying the particle content of the
perturbed theory. Analogously to the massive case, interesting information can
be obtained already at first order, such as the identification of the operators
which create a mass gap and those which induce the confinement of the massless
particles in the perturbed theory
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