The Existing Confidentiality Privileges as Applied to Rape Victims

It is evident that when this type of questioning occurs, the victim must overcome the presumption that she is at fault. As it exists, the prosecution of the rapist also results in the prosecution of the victim. However, it is undeniable that the defendant in a rape case is presumed innocent until a judicial determination states otherwise. A dilemma arises when the court attempts to balance the victim\u27s right to bring the accused to trial and the defendant\u27s right to prove his innocence. Currently, the judicial system favors the presumption of the defendant\u27s innocence, presupposing that the victim has falsely accused her attacker. Therefore, the victim must not only overcome her fears of facing her attacker in court, she must also deal with the underlying presumption in society that the sexual assault was consensual

Insecta, Ephemeroptera: range extensions and new Alabama state records

Non

Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Baetidae: Range extensions and new state records from Kansas, U.S.A.

Non

Calcium phosphate thin films enhance the response of human mesenchymal stem cells to nanostructured titanium surfaces

The development of biomaterial surfaces possessing the topographical cues that can promote mesenchymal stem cell recruitment and, in particular, those capable of subsequently directing osteogenic differentiation is of increasing importance for the advancement of tissue engineering. While it is accepted that it is the interaction with specific nanoscale topography that induces mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, the potential for an attendant bioactive chemistry working in tandem with such nanoscale features to enhance this effect has not been considered to any great extent. This article presents a study of mesenchymal stem cell response to conformal bioactive calcium phosphate thin films sputter deposited onto a polycrystalline titanium nanostructured surface with proven capability to directly induce osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells. The sputter deposited surfaces supported high levels of human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell adherence and proliferation, as determined by DNA quantification. Furthermore, they were also found to be capable of directly promoting significant levels of osteogenic differentiation. Specifically, alkaline phosphatase activity, gene expression and immunocytochemical localisation of key osteogenic markers revealed that the nanostructured titanium surfaces and the bioactive calcium phosphate coatings could direct the differentiation towards an osteogenic lineage. Moreover, the addition of the calcium phosphate chemistry to the topographical profile of the titanium was found to induce increased human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation compared to that observed for either the titanium or calcium phosphate coating without an underlying nanostructure. Hence, the results presented here highlight that a clear benefit can be achieved from a surface engineering strategy that combines a defined surface topography with an attendant, conformal bioactive chemistry to enhance the direct osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells

A New Oriental Species of Behningia Lestage (Ephemeroptera: Behningiidae)

A new species of primitive tuskless burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Palpotarsa: Behningiidae), Behningia baei, new species, is described from larvae taken in Thailand. The new species is differentiated from congeners primarily by its labial palps, labrum, and base of the mid legs. It is the first species of the genus Behningia, and only the second species of the family Behningiidae, to be taken from the Oriental biogeographic region. Larvae previously regarded as B. tshernovae Edmunds and Traver are considered to be assignable to B. lestagei Motas and Bacesco

Investigation of Transient Combustion Characteristics in a Single Tubular Combustor

An investigation was conducted to determine the combustion response to rapid fuel-flow changes in a single tubular combustor at two simulated altitude-rotor speed conditions of 25,000 feet-70 percent rated engine speed and 50,000 feet-70 percent rated engine speed. Limiting rates of change of fuel flow (acceleration limits) were determined and the effects of certain combustion air flow variables on the transient combustion characteristics were studied with the aid of rapid-response instrumentation

Animal thermoregulation: a review of insulation, physiology and behaviour relevant to temperature control in buildings

Birds and mammals have evolved many thermal adaptations that are relevant to the bioinspired design of temperature control systems and energy management in buildings. Similar to many buildings, endothermic animals generate internal metabolic heat, are well insulated, regulate their temperature within set limits, modify microclimate and adjust thermal exchange with their environment. We review the major components of animal thermoregulation in endothermic birds and mammals that are pertinent to building engineering, in a world where climate is changing and reduction in energy use is needed. In animals, adjustment of insulation together with physiological and behavioural responses to changing environmental conditions fine-tune spatial and temporal regulation of body temperature, while also minimizing energy expenditure. These biological adaptations are characteristically flexible, allowing animals to alter their body temperatures to hourly, daily, or annual demands for energy. They exemplify how buildings could become more thermally reactive to meteorological fluctuations, capitalising on dynamic thermal materials and system properties. Based on this synthesis, we suggest that heat transfer modelling could be used to simulate these flexible biomimetic features and assess their success in reducing energy costs while maintaining thermal comfort for given building types