Het industrieel erfgoed van Belgische seinhuizen: een typologische aanzet aan de hand van de lijnen 50 en 50A van Brussel naar Oostende

In Vlaanderen zijn er tot nu toe vijf seinhuizen beschermd als monument. Door de automatisering van het spoorwegbedrijf zijn deze gebouwtjes vaak tot afbraak gedoemd. Over het architecturale aspect van Belgische seinhuizen zijn tot op heden geen uitgebreide studies gevoerd. Lange tijd is er weinig aandacht geweest voor dit spoorwegpatrimonium. Opmerkelijk, zeker gezien de rijke spoorweggeschiedenis van België, dat als eerste land van het Europese continent een spoorwegnetwerk uitbouwde. In dit onderzoek werd getracht om op basis van de spoorweglijnen 50 en 50A (Brussel-Noord Oostende) een eerste typologische aanzet van Belgische seinhuizen op te stellen. Ook werd er bekeken hoe men zou kunnen omgaan met de buiten dienst gestelde seinhuizen. Het documenteren van deze gebouwen is hierbij een eerste noodzakelijke stap

Linear spin-2 fields in most general backgrounds

We derive the full perturbative equations of motion for the most general background solutions in ghost-free bimetric theory in its metric formulation. Clever field redefinitions at the level of fluctuations enable us to circumvent the problem of varying a square-root matrix appearing in the theory. This greatly simplifies the expressions for the linear variation of the bimetric interaction terms. We show that these field redefinitions exist and are uniquely invertible if and only if the variation of the square-root matrix itself has a unique solution, which is a requirement for the linearised theory to be well-defined. As an application of our results we examine the constraint structure of ghost-free bimetric theory at the level of linear equations of motion for the first time. We identify a scalar combination of equations which is responsible for the absence of the Boulware-Deser ghost mode in the theory. The bimetric scalar constraint is in general not manifestly covariant in its nature. However, in the massive gravity limit the constraint assumes a covariant form when one of the interaction parameters is set to zero. For that case our analysis provides an alternative and almost trivial proof of the absence of the Boulware-Deser ghost. Our findings generalise previous results in the metric formulation of massive gravity and also agree with studies of its vielbein version.Comment: Latex, 20 pages. Matches published versio

Interactive Whiteboard Impact on Algebra Teachers’ Implementation of Selected Mathematics Teaching Practices

This study investigated the use of the interactive white board (IWB) and the impact the technology had on mathematics teaching practices for algebra teachers. The study used the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model as the conceptual framework for the investigation, collection, and analysis of data. Teachers were interviewed to obtain teacher level of IWB use, and the Mathematics Classroom Observation Protocol for Practices (MCOP2) was used to obtain data for effective mathematics teaching practices. Observations of teachers were analyzed in order to answer the research question: How does the use of an Interactive White Board impact an algebra teachers’ implementation of selected mathematics teaching practices? Findings from the study indicate the teachers most often used the IWB at the interactive level, followed by the enhanced interactive level, and least at the support didactic level. Posing purposeful questions and Using and Connecting Mathematical Representation were the most frequently used selected Mathematics Teaching Practices

Situating Strategies: An Examination of Comprehension Strategy Instruction in One Upper Elementary Classroom Oriented Toward Culturally Relevant Teaching

Drawing on ethnographic and discourse analytic methods, this article examines how comprehension strategies aligned with goals in a classroom oriented toward culturally relevant teaching. Findings indicate that (a) two distinct sets of comprehension were taught in the room and (b) one set aligned more easily with culturally relevant teaching than the other

Animating Talk and Texts: Culturally Relevant Teacher Read-Alouds of Informational Texts

This article describes the classroom interactions surrounding teacher read-alouds of nonfiction texts in the classroom of a teacher who strived for cultural relevancy. Participants in this study were one European American teacher and her upper- elementary students who lived in the surrounding working-class neighborhood; all but two students identified as Latino or African American. Data were collected for two consecutive school years using ethnographic and discourse analytic methods. Analyses showed that the teacher took up three social positions (i.e., cultural advocate, facilitator of classroom interactions, and teacher of reading) by animating texts and students

The Beef Nutrient Database Improvement Project: Retail Cuts From the Rib and Plate

The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze retail cuts from the beef rib and plate that had been identified as needing nutrient composition updates in the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR). Twenty beef carcasses were selected from three different regions of the United States, and the rib and plate were collected for shipment via refrigerated truck to the Rosenthal Meat Science and Technology Center. Each rib and plate was fabricated 14 to 21 d postmortem into the appropriate retail cuts to be used for this study. The cuts were dissected, either raw or cooked (braised, grilled, roasted), into four separable components: separable lean, seam fat, external fat, and refuse. Bone and heavy connective tissue were considered refuse. Percent total chemical fat, moisture, protein, and ash analyses were conducted on the separable lean component obtained from dissection. Cooking yields were evaluated for each of the three cooking methods utilized in this study. Grilled cuts had the highest numerical yield followed by roasted and braised cuts. Dissection data showed single muscle cuts had a higher percentage of separable lean than retail cuts composed of multiple muscles. Boneless and lip-off retail cuts contained a higher percentage of separable lean when compared to their bone-in and lip-on counterparts. Finally, proximate analysis data showed that as retail cuts increased in the percentage of total chemical fat, the percentage of moisture decreased. When percentage of total chemical fat was stratified by USDA quality grade, most cuts showed differences between USDA Choice and Select quality grades. This study was a collaborative project; therefore, the results and discussion of this thesis are only based on findings from Texas A and M University's data. The final project results will be published in the USDA’s National Nutrient Database SR

Investigation of the role of Capicua in the FGF signalling pathway and the wound response

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling is critical for the initiation and regulation of multiple developmental processes including gastrulation, mesoderm induction and limb development. Despite extensive understanding of FGF signal transduction via tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs), the specific mechanism responsible for regulation of target gene transcription is still not fully understood. The protein Capicua (CIC) has been linked to transcriptional regulation in RTK signalling via the ERK pathway in multiple organisms. ERK signalling cascades also mediate wound signal transduction and transcription of associated genes. We hypothesise that transcription of a subset of FGF target genes, and genes involved in the wound response, rely on ERK mediated relief of CIC transcriptional repression. The aims of this project were to establish if CIC operates downstream of FGF signalling through analysis and validation of RNA-seq data, and to investigate the relationship between CIC and ERK in FGF signalling and wound healing in Xenopus embryos. The work in this thesis shows that CIC knockdown and FGF overexpressing embryos exhibit similar phenotypes and transcriptomes. Immunostaining for myc-tagged CIC indicates that CIC expression is reduced following activation of FGF signalling or the wound response. 75% of the putative CIC and FGF regulated genes analysed have enriched CIC binding sites and 75% were upregulated in RT-PCR analysis of CIC knockdown and FGF overexpressing embryos. Additionally, genes associated with wound healing (fos and gadd45a) are upregulated in CIC knockdown embryos. These data support the notion that CIC has a transcriptional regulatory role for a subset of FGF target genes and genes involved in the wound response. Misregulation of the FGF signalling pathway and/or CIC repression is associated with a range of disorders and cancers. Consequently, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in these pathways may allow development of more effective treatments for injury, neurodegenerative and developmental disorders, and cancer

La condición de las mujeres : el caso de Italia después de la guerra

El artículo estudia las características de la fuerza de trabajo femenina italiana desde los años sesenta en adelante. En comparación con el trabajo femenino en otros países europeos, la mujer italiana trabaja en la producción en menor proporción que en estos países, no se reintegra a partir de los cuarenta años y su trabajo forma parte de las actividades más marginales y peor pagadas. La razón de esta situación laboral parece encontrarse en las características y funciones de la familia italiana. Esta estructura y funciones se describen para el caso de una categoría social específica, la «capa intermedia», que es mayoritaria en la sociedad italiana. Finalmente se indican algunos datos relativos a la participación política y sindical de las mujeres