Estudo de ocorrência de mineralizações de tecidos moles em radiografia panorâmica de pacientes atendidos em uma clínica escola de odontologia

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, apresentado para obtenção do grau de Cirurgião Dentista no curso de Odontologia da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense – UNESCA radiografia panorâmica permite a avaliação de áreas de tecido mole adjacentes ao sistema estomatognático. As mais frequentes calcificações descritas na literatura são as calcificações do ligamento estilóide, mineralização da cartilagem da tireoide, os ateromas de artéria carótida, os tonsilólitos, calcificação da cartilagem tritícea, os sialolitos e mineralização de linfonodos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar a análise documental de radiografias panorâmicas digitais realizadas em uma clínica escola em uma Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, com intuito de verificar a ocorrência de mineralizações de tecidos moles na região bucomaxilofacial. Foram selecionadas e analisadas 192 radiografias panorâmicas digitais em pacientes com a idade superior a 40 anos que procuraram atendimento odontológico entre os ano de 2015 à 2018, as imagens foram avaliadas por um observador. Foram coletados dados demográficos de pacientes que apresentaram mineralizações em tecido mole. O gênero feminino e a idade de 60 a 69 anos foram as mais acometidas. Encontraram-se 206 mineralizações sendo 59,90 % do ligamento estilóide, 11,98% da cartilagem da tireoide, 9,38% suspeita de ateroma, 9,38% de tonsilólito, 6,77% de mineralização da cartilagem da tritícea, 5,73% de sialolito e 4,17% de mineralização de linfonodos. Não houve ocorrência de calcificações da cartilagem da epiglote, antrolito e rinolito. O não preenchimento da anamnese dos prontuários eletrônicos impossibilitou a associação com a variável comorbidade

USE OF MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING IN THE EVALUATION OF BURNINGS AND FOREST FIRES IN KRAHÔLANDIA INDIGENOUS LAND (2003-2014)

AbstractHuman actions change the natural occurrences of wildfire. The indigenous communities, during their time of occupation of the Cerrado, probably utilized fire to manipulate the landscape and its resources. In this study, we mapped and analyzed the spatial distribution of burned areas of the Kraholândia Indigenous Land, from 2003 to 2014, using Remote Sensing resources and GIS tools. During the assessed period, the total burned area extended across 1,516,873 ha, representing 4.94 times the sum of Kraholândia Indigenous Land area (306,871 ha). The average annual burned area was 126,406 ha (41.19%), with the year of the largest burned area recorded at 185,297 ha (60.4%) and the year of the smallest burned area was 71,764 ha (23.4%). There were 29,764 ha (9.7%) that had never been burned during the 12 years, and 1,693 ha (0.6%) that had been burned every year of the period. Moreover, the areas that recorded the highest frequency of fire occurrence and burnings were surprisingly not those that produced the largest burned areas over the period. The remote sensing data, allied with methodology employed, succeeded in identifying the frequency of burnings and wildfire in the Krahôlandia Indigenous Land.ResumoUtilização de imagens multispectrais na avaliação das ocorrências de queimadas e incêndios florestais na Terra Indígena Krahôlandia (2003-2014). As ações humanas alteram as ocorrências naturais dos incêndios e queimadas. Os povos indígenas, quando da ocupação do Cerrado, provavelmente usavam o fogo para manipular a paisagem e os seus recursos em várias épocas do ano. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar e mapear a distribuição espacial de áreas queimadas na Terra Indígena Krahôlandia, no período de 2003 a 2014, utilizando ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto e SIG. Nos 12 anos avaliados, a área queimada total foi de 1.516.872,51 ha, que representa 4,94 vezes a área total da TI Krahôlandia (306.871,02 ha). A média anual de área queimada foi de 126.406,04 ha (41,19%) com o ano da maior área queimada com 185,297 ha (60,4%) e o ano da área menor com 71,764 ha (23,4%). Houve 29.764 ha (9,7%) que nunca tinham sido queimadas durante os 12 anos, e 1.693 ha (0,6%) que tinham sido queimados todos os doze anos. Além disso, as áreas que registraram a maior frequência de ocorrência de incêndios e queimadas não foram surpreendentemente aquelas que produziram as maiores áreas queimadas ao longo do período. Os dados de sensoriamento remoto aliados com metodologia empregada conseguiu identificar a frequência de ocorrência de queimadas e incêndios florestais na terra indígena Krahôlandia.Palavras-chave: Cerrado; recorrência de fogo.Human actions change the natural occurrences of wildfire. The indigenous communities, during their time of occupation of the Cerrado, probably utilized fire to manipulate the landscape and its resources. In this study, we mapped and analyzed the spatial distribution of burned areas of the Kraholândia Indigenous Land, from 2003 to 2014, using Remote Sensing resources and GIS tools. During the assessed period, the total burned area extended across 1,516,873 ha, representing 4.94 times the sum of Kraholândia Indigenous Land area (306,871 ha). The average annual burned area was 126,406 ha (41.19%), with the year of the largest burned area recorded at 185,297 ha (60.4%) and the year of the smallest burned area was 71,764 ha (23.4%). There were 29,764 ha (9.7%) that had never been burned during the 12 years, and 1,693 ha (0.6%) that had been burned every year of the period. Moreover, the areas that recorded the highest frequency of fire occurrence and burnings were surprisingly not those that produced the largest burned areas over the period. The remote sensing data, allied with methodology employed, succeeded in identifying the frequency of burnings and wildfire in the Krahôlandia Indigenous Land.

Presence of calcification in soft tissues in panoramic radiographs of patients from a dental school clinic

Panoramic radiography allows to assess areas adjacent to the maxilla and mandible. The most frequent soft tissue calcifications present in the stomatognathic system as described in the literature are ossifications of the styloid ligament, calcification of the thyroid cartilage, carotid calcific atherosclerosis, tonsilloliths, triticeal cartilage calcifications, sialoliths and calcified lymph nodes. This documentary analysis of digital panoramic radiographs was performed in a school clinic at a University in southern Santa Catarina to verify the occurrence of soft tissue calcification in the maxillofacial region. A total of 192 digital panoramic radiographs were selected and analyzed in patients over 40 years who sought dental care between 2015 and 2018, and the images were evaluated by an observer. Demographic data were collected from patients who had soft tissue calcification. Women and individuals between 60 and 69 years were the most affected. A total of 206 calcifications were found, 59.90% of the styloid ligament, 11.98% of the thyroid cartilage, 9.38% suspected of atheroma, 9.38% of tonsilloliths, 6.77% mineralization of the triticeal cartilage, 5,73% sialoliths and 4.17% calcified lymph nodes. No calcification was found for the cartilage of the epiglottis, anthrolite and rhinolith. Failure to complete anamnesis of electronic medical records made it impossible to associate it with the comorbidity variable.A radiografia panorâmica permite avaliar áreas adjacentes à maxila e à mandíbula. As mais frequentes calcificações de tecidos moles do sistema estomatognático descritas na literatura são as ossificações do ligamento estiloide, as calcificações da cartilagem da tireoide, os ateromas de artéria carótida, os tonsilólitos, as calcificações da cartilagem tritícea, os sialolitos e as calcificações de linfonodos. Este trabalho pretende analisar documentalmente radiografias panorâmicas digitais realizadas em uma clínica-escola em uma universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, para verificar a ocorrência de calcificações de tecidos moles na região bucomaxilofacial. Foram selecionadas, analisadas e avaliadas por um observador 192 radiografias panorâmicas digitais em pacientes com idade superior a 40 anos que procuraram atendimento odontológico entre os anos de 2015 e 2018. Foram coletados dados demográficos de pacientes com calcificações no tecido mole, que foram mais prevalentes no gênero feminino e na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos. Encontraram-se 206 calcificações, entre as quais 59,90 % eram ossificação do ligamento estiloide, 11,98% calcificação da cartilagem da tireoide, 9,38% suspeita de ateroma, 9,38% tonsilólito, 6,77% calcificação da cartilagem da tritícea, 5,73% sialolito e 4,17% calcificação de linfonodos. Não houve calcificações da cartilagem da epiglote, antrolito e rinolito. O não preenchimento da anamnese dos prontuários eletrônicos impossibilitou a associação com a variável comorbidade

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost