Evidencias de secuencias marinas del sector continental en el Parque Provincial y Reserva Forestal “Pereyra Iraola”, noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires

Durante el Cuaternario tardío los sectores costeros bonaerenses fueron sucesivamente modelados por los efectos de las oscilaciones del nivel del mar, quedando reflejadas dichas variaciones de la línea de costa a través de un conjunto de depósitos y rasgos geomorfológicos que manifiestan la secuencia evolutiva hasta alcanzar la conformación actual. Estos cambios climáticos-ambientales no sólo contribuyeron a estructurar la configuración geográfica actual de las costas, sino también provocaron variaciones en la composición faunística de la Región Pampeana (Aguirre y Fucks 2004). En la presente contribución se dan a conocer los primeros resultados obtenidos a partir del trabajo en afloramientos correspondientes a dos eventos transgresivo-regresivos acontecidos durante el Pleistoceno tardío y I Ioloceno en el Parque Provincial y Reserva Forestal Pereyra Iraola , NE de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Fig.1). Esta investigación permitirá establecer correlaciones estratigráficas con otras secuencias ubicadas a lo largo del litoral bonaerense y ampliar las interpretaciones paleoambientales desde el Pleistoceno a la actualidad, ya que los estudios referidos a estos aspectos no han sido suficientemente abordados en la wna en estudio. Se realizaron perfiles estratigráficos en los que se relevaron datos para la caracterización y definición de las diferentes unidades identificadas, así como el relevamiento paleofaunístico. A estas observaciones, se les deben sumar las efectuadas a través de perforaciones manuales, mediante el uso de barreno, a fin de constatar la presencia de las unidades estratigráficas y la base de la Fm. Pampeano, definidas para el área de estudio. A partir de esto, puede establecerse para el área de estudio, la presencia de dos ambientes geomorfológicos muy contrastantes, uno de génesis litoral-estuárica y otro netamente continental, puestos en contacto a través de discordancias. En el sector continental se presenta la Fm. Pampeano con los característicos colores castaños y sedimentos limosos, disponiéndose sobre él los depósitos de los eventos ingresivos del Pleistoceno tardío y Holoceno

Cardiovascular risk and obesity

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica de carácter multifactorial que ha alcanzado proporciones epidémicas a nivel global, representando una compleja condición médica con serias consecuencias sociales y psicológicas. El exceso de la adiposidad visceral se encuentra asociado con una plétora de disfunciones metabólicas (resistencia a la insulina, dislipidemia aterogénica, hipertensión arterial, disminución de la fibrinólisis, aumento del riesgo de trombosis, inflamación endotelial) que incrementan el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Las estrategias planteadas para su correcto abordaje terapéutico deben estar acorde con la gravedad del sobrepeso, la presencia de enfermedades crónicas coexistentes y las limitaciones funcionales de cada individuo.Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease that has reached global epidemic proportions, representing a complex medical condition with serious social and psychological consequences. The excess of visceral adiposity is associated with a plethora of metabolic dysfunctions (insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, decreased fibrinolysis, increased risk of thrombosis, endothelial inflammation) that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The strategies proposed for the correct therapeutic approach must be in accordance with the severity of overweight, the presence of chronic coexisting diseases and the functional limitations of each individual

Efficient generation of highly crystalline carbon quantum dots via electrooxidation of ethanol for rapid photodegradation of organic dyes

Achieving versatile routes to generate crystalline carbon-based nanostructures has become a fervent pursuit in photocatalysis-related fields. We demonstrate that the direct electrooxidation of ethanol, performed on Ni foam, yields ultra-small and highly crystalline graphene-like structures named carbon quantum dots (CQDs). We perform simulations of various sp2 and sp3 domains in order to understand the optical properties of CQDs by accounting their contribution as absorbance/luminescent centers in the overall optical response. Experiments and simulations reveal that absorbance bands for as-synthesized CQDs are dominated by small sp2 domains comprised of r7 aromatic-rings. After 48 h synthesis, the dispersion transition from yellow to red, exhibiting new and red shifted absorbance bands. Furthermore, fluorescence emission is governed by medium-sized sp 2 domains (with aromatic ring counts r12) and oxygen-containing groups. These oxygen-rich groups within the CQDs, confirmed by FT-IR and XPS, are responsible for the fast photodegradation of organic dyes, with B90% of methylene blue (MB) being degraded within the first 5 min of light exposure. Our work provides crucial insights about the electrochemical synthesis and overall optical properties of carbon nanostructures, while being effective and reliable toward the degradation of contaminants in water

On Local Approximations to the Nonlinear Evolution of Large-Scale Structure

We present a comparative analysis of several methods, known as local Lagrangian approximations, which are aimed to the description of the nonlinear evolution of large-scale structure. We have investigated various aspects of these approximations, such as the evolution of a homogeneous ellipsoid, collapse time as a function of initial conditions, and asymptotic behavior. As one of the common features of the local approximations, we found that the calculated collapse time decreases asymptotically with the inverse of the initial shear. Using these approximations, we have computed the cosmological mass function, finding reasonable agreement with N-body simulations and the Press-Schechter formula.Comment: revised version with color figures, minor changes, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, 30 pages, 13 figure

Seminal magnetic fields from Inflato-electromagnetic Inflation

We extend some previous attempts to explain the origin and evolution of primordial magnetic fields during inflation induced from a 5D vacuum. We show that the usual quantum fluctuations of a generalized 5D electromagnetic field cannot provide us with the desired magnetic seeds. We show that special fields without propagation on the extra non-compact dimension are needed to arrive to appreciable magnetic strengths. We also identify a new magnetic tensor field $B_{ij}$ in this kind of extra dimensional theories. Our results are in very good agreement with observational requirements, in particular from TeV Blazars and CMB radiation limits we obtain that primordial cosmological magnetic fields should be close scale invariance.Comment: Improved version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1007.3891 by other author

Dose volume histogram constraints in patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and the superficial trunk treated with surgery and perioperative HDR brachytherapy

Background: Wound healing complications (WHC), osteoradionecrosis (ORN), and nerve damage (ND) are common adverse effects in adult patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and the superficial trunk treated with surgery and perioperative high dose rate brachytherapy (PHDRB) alone or combined with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Rationale: Analysis of the treatment factors contributing to these complications can potentially minimize their occurrence and severity. Patients: A total of 169 patients enrolled in two parallel prospective studies were included in this analysis. Previously Unirradiated cases (Group 1; n = 139) were treated with surgical resection, 16–24 Gy of PHDRB and 45 Gy of EBRT. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to selected patients with high-grade tumors. Previously irradiated cases (Group 2; n = 30) were treated with surgical resection and 32– 40 Gy of PHDRB without further EBRT. Methods: Patient factors, tumor factors, surgical factors, PHDRB factors and EBRT factors were analyzed using Cox univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: In Previously Unirradiated cases, WHC, ORN and ND occurred in 38.8%, 5.0% and 19.4%. Multivariate analysis indicated that WHC increased with CTV size (p = 0.02) and CTV2cm3 Physical dose (p = 0.02). ORN increased with Bone2cm3 EQD2 67 Gy (p = 0.01) and ND was more frequent in patients with TV100 DVH-based dose (tissue volume encompassed by the 100% isodose) 84 Gy (p < 0.01). In Previously Irradiated cases, WHC, ORN and ND occurred in 63.3%, 3.3% and 23.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that WHC was more frequent in patients with Skin2cm3 Lifetime EQD2 84 Gy (p = 0.01) and ND was more frequent after CTVD90 Physical Doses 40 Gy (p < 0.01). Conclusions: WHC in Previously Unirradiated patients can be minimized by using a more conservative CTV definition together with a meticulous implant technique and planning aimed to minimize hyperdose CTV2cm3 areas. In Previously Irradiated patients WHC may be mimimized considering Lifetime EQD2 Skin2cm3 doses. ORN can be reduced by using the Bone2cm3 EQD2 constraint. ND occurs more frequently in patients with large tumors receiving high treated volume doses, but no specific constraints can be recommended due to the lack of peripheral nerve definition during brachytherapy planning

Possible Fruit Protein Effects on Primate Communities in Madagascar and the Neotropics

The ecological factors contributing to the evolution of tropical vertebrate communities are still poorly understood. Primate communities of the tropical Americas have fewer folivorous but more frugivorous genera than tropical regions of the Old World and especially many more frugivorous genera than Madagascar. Reasons for this phenomenon are largely unexplored. We developed the hypothesis that Neotropical fruits have higher protein concentrations than fruits from Madagascar and that the higher representation of frugivorous genera in the Neotropics is linked to high protein concentrations in fruits. Low fruit protein concentrations in Madagascar would restrict the evolution of frugivores in Malagasy communities.We reviewed the literature for nitrogen concentrations in fruits from the Neotropics and from Madagascar, and analyzed fruits from an additional six sites in the Neotropics and six sites in Madagascar. Fruits from the Neotropical sites contain significantly more nitrogen than fruits from the Madagascar sites. Nitrogen concentrations in New World fruits are above the concentrations to satisfy nitrogen requirements of primates, while they are at the lower end or below the concentrations to cover primate protein needs in Madagascar.Fruits at most sites in the Neotropics contain enough protein to satisfy the protein needs of primates. Thus, selection pressure to develop new adaptations for foods that are difficult to digest (such as leaves) may have been lower in the Neotropics than in Madagascar. The low nitrogen concentrations in fruits from Madagascar may contribute to the almost complete absence of frugivorous primate species on this island

Socioeconomic status and the 25 x 25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality : a multicohort study and meta-analysis of 1.7 million men and women

Background In 2011, WHO member states signed up to the 25 x 25 initiative, a plan to cut mortality due to noncommunicable diseases by 25% by 2025. However, socioeconomic factors influencing non-communicable diseases have not been included in the plan. In this study, we aimed to compare the contribution of socioeconomic status to mortality and years-of-life-lost with that of the 25 x 25 conventional risk factors. Methods We did a multicohort study and meta-analysis with individual-level data from 48 independent prospective cohort studies with information about socioeconomic status, indexed by occupational position, 25 x 25 risk factors (high alcohol intake, physical inactivity, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity), and mortality, for a total population of 1 751 479 (54% women) from seven high-income WHO member countries. We estimated the association of socioeconomic status and the 25 x 25 risk factors with all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality by calculating minimally adjusted and mutually adjusted hazard ratios [HR] and 95% CIs. We also estimated the population attributable fraction and the years of life lost due to suboptimal risk factors. Findings During 26.6 million person-years at risk (mean follow-up 13.3 years [SD 6.4 years]), 310 277 participants died. HR for the 25 x 25 risk factors and mortality varied between 1.04 (95% CI 0.98-1.11) for obesity in men and 2.17 (2.06-2.29) for current smoking in men. Participants with low socioeconomic status had greater mortality compared with those with high socioeconomic status (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.38-1.45 for men; 1.34, 1.28-1.39 for women); this association remained significant in mutually adjusted models that included the 25 x 25 factors (HR 1.26, 1.21-1.32, men and women combined). The population attributable fraction was highest for smoking, followed by physical inactivity then socioeconomic status. Low socioeconomic status was associated with a 2.1-year reduction in life expectancy between ages 40 and 85 years, the corresponding years-of-life-lost were 0.5 years for high alcohol intake, 0.7 years for obesity, 3.9 years for diabetes, 1.6 years for hypertension, 2.4 years for physical inactivity, and 4.8 years for current smoking. Interpretation Socioeconomic circumstances, in addition to the 25 x 25 factors, should be targeted by local and global health strategies and health risk surveillance to reduce mortality.Peer reviewe

Stratification of Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement According to Surgical Inoperability for Technical Versus Clinical Reasons

ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to examine the impact of reasons for surgical inoperability on outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundPatients with severe aortic stenosis may be deemed inoperable due to technical or clinical reasons. The relative impact of each designation on early and late outcomes after TAVR is unclear.MethodsPatients were studied from the inoperable arm (cohort B) of the randomized PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve) trial and the nonrandomized continued access registry. Patients were classified according to whether they were classified as technically inoperable (TI) or clinically inoperable (CLI). Reasons for TI included porcelain aorta, previous mediastinal radiation, chest wall deformity, and potential for injury to previous bypass graft on sternal re-entry. Reasons for CLI were systemic factors that were deemed to make survival unlikely.ResultsOf the 369 patients, 23.0% were considered inoperable for technical reasons alone; the remaining were judged to be CLI. For TI, the most common cause was a porcelain aorta (42%); for CLI, it was multiple comorbidities (48%) and frailty (31%). Quality of life and 2-year mortality were significantly better among TI patients compared with CLI patients (mortality 23.3% vs. 43.8%; p < 0.001). Nonetheless, TAVR led to substantial survival benefits compared with standard therapy in both inoperable cohorts.ConclusionsPatients undergoing TAVR based solely on TI have better survival and quality of life improvements than those who are inoperable due to clinical comorbidities. Both TI and CLI TAVR have significant survival benefit in the context of standard therapy. (THE PARTNER TRIAL: Placement of AoRTic TraNscathetER Valve Trial; NCT00530894

Centinelas: un proyecto de integración y acción ciudadana

Este proyecto es una tarea de extensión desde el ámbito de la investigación de monos aulladores negros y dorados (Alouatta caraya) y de zorros (Cerdocyon thous, Lycalopex gymnocercus) que habitan en las zonas de interfase urbano-rural de la Estación Biológica Corrientes (EBCo, CCT, CONICET) y un proyecto de UNNE+ SALUD 2019. Los objetivos generales incluyeron proponer acciones para la detección temprana de ciertas enfermedades en la comunidad desde la participaciónciudadana. Se efectuaron una serie de encuentros con ciudadanos/as de las localidades de la ciudad de Corrientes y Mburucuyá sobre el conocimiento de la ecología y epidemiología de estas especies centinelas. La meta es impulsar una red integrada por ciudadanos/as locales motivados/as por la búsqueda personal y colectiva de soluciones a problemáticas ambientales y epidemiológicas.Fil: Romero, Verónica Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Raño, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Natalini, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Godoy, Angelina M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Quijano, Romina Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Martin. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Bay Jouliá, Rodrigo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Pucheta, Daniela. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Gilles, Débora R.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Barbara G.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Alegre, Rocio. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Mayer, Joaquín. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Landi, Mauricio. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Kowalewski, Miguel Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); Argentin