Advancing human health risk assessment

Acknowledgements: The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and authors wish to thank the participants of the break‐out session ‘Advancing risk assessment science – Human health’ at EFSA's third Scientific Conference ‘Science, Food and Society’ (Parma, Italy, 18–21 September 2018) for their active and valuable contributions to the discussion. We also thank Hans Verhagen for carefully proofreading it.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Napoleón Bonaparte, Lieutenant d'artillerie a Auxonne

Texto fechado en 1897 en p.

Computation of the osmotic water permeability of perfused tubule segments

In this technical note the hydraulic conductivity of tubule segments is calculated from measurements made from in vitro perfusion of isolated tubules. The variables include the resorbed volume/minute, the area of the membrane, the reflection coefficient of the solute and the mean difference between the osmotic pressures of the bath and the luminal fluid. Calculations on the arithmetic or on the logarithmic means may give values which are significantly different from the exact analytical solution. Six equations are produced to compute a seventh which allows for a more accurate calculation of hydraulic conductivity near conditions of osmotic equilibrium. (Parsons - London)SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Computation of the osmotic water permeability of perfused tubule segments

In this technical note the hydraulic conductivity of tubule segments is calculated from measurements made from in vitro perfusion of isolated tubules. The variables include the resorbed volume/minute, the area of the membrane, the reflection coefficient of the solute and the mean difference between the osmotic pressures of the bath and the luminal fluid. Calculations on the arithmetic or on the logarithmic means may give values which are significantly different from the exact analytical solution. Six equations are produced to compute a seventh which allows for a more accurate calculation of hydraulic conductivity near conditions of osmotic equilibrium. (Parsons - London)SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Structure du complexe mérocyanine-iode 2 [C

La structure a été résolue par l’analyse du spectre de diffraction X tridimensionnel. Les cristaux sont monocliniques, P21/c ; la maille unité a pour paramètres a = 11,32, b = 13,90, c = 9,36 A et β = 104,7°. Le complexe résulte de l’addition d’une mérocyanine sur chaque atome de la molécule d’iode. Les distances I — I et I ... S valent 2,715 Å et 3,10 Å. L’enchaînement S ... I — I ... S est linéaire. La complexation n’entraîne pas de perturbations profondes de la mérocyanine

The hypotensive agent dodoneine inhibits L-type Ca2+ current with negative inotropic effect on rat heart.

International audienceAgelanthus dodoneifolius is one of the medicinal plants used in African pharmacopeia and traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A chemical analysis has identified one of the active principles: Dodoneine (Ddn). It is a new dihydropyranone which exerts hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects on rat. Since the mechanism of the hypotensive effect is unknown, we performed a variety of preclinical and mechanistic studies to characterize the specific cardiac effect of Ddn at tissue (ex-vivo) and cellular levels (in-vitro) in order to determine a molecular target. Ddn effects were evaluated in an isolated rat heart preparation using Langendorff retrograde perfusion and then, the effects of Ddn were characterized in freshly dissociated cardiac ventricular myocytes using the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration. Ex-vivo, Ddn produced a dose-dependent negative inotropic effect with an IC50 value of 10 µM without changed heart rate. 100 µM Ddn decreased left ventricular developed pressure of about 40%. In isolated cardiac myocytes, Ddn reduced I(Ca),L density of about 30% with an IC50 value estimated at 3 µM. Ddn did not change current-voltage relation but it shifted the inactivation curve toward negative potentials and modified the half inactivation potentials. Furthermore, Ddn induced a phasic-dependent blocking on ICa,L. This study demonstrates that the hypotensive property of dodoneine is likely associated with a negative inotropic effect and the blockade of the L-type calcium channels