Interview with Jon Mauler

The interview discusses being a high school student at Alternative Center with Jon Mauler, student, 17https://digital.kenyon.edu/ae_interviews/1012/thumbnail.jp

Les endolysines de Clostridium difficile : Potentiel thérapeutique pour traiter les infections à C. difficile (ICD)

Clostridium difficile, un bacille à Gram positif anaérobie strict qui forme des spores, est un pathogène opportuniste responsable de simples diarrhées ou de colites pseudomembraneuses qui peuvent provoquer la mort. Le traitement de base réside en l'arrêt des antibiotiques qui ont détruit la flore de l'hôte et provoqué les symptômes, ou en la prescription de vancomycine et/ou de métronidazole. Malheureusement, l'efficacité de ces antibiotiques est variable et le nombre de rechutes est élevé. En outre, de plus en plus de souches deviennent résistantes aux antibiotiques. C'est pour cette raison qu'un besoin d'alternatives thérapeutiques s'est fait ressentir. Une des approches prometteuses est l'utilisation des endolysines, qui sont des enzymes hydrolytiques encodées par les bactériophages et qui se sont déjà révélées être efficaces contre plusieurs bactéries à Gram positif. Dans cette étude, nous avons démontré l'activité lytique d'endolysines encodées par des phages de Clostridium difficile sur des cellules vivantes. Différentes endolysines ont été clonées dans E. coli, exprimées et purifiées, puis leur activité a été vérifiée de plusieurs manières. Certains facteurs biochimiques propres à ces enzymes ont été étudiés, tels que les cofacteurs nécessaires pour une meilleure activité lytique, le pH optimal et le spectre d'efficacité sur différentes souches bactériennes. Finalement, l'étude de ces enzymes comme outil de diagnostic ou de biologie moléculaire est abordée. Les résultats de nos travaux indiquent que les endolysines PlyCD52 et PlyCD38-2 de C. difficile possèdent une faible activité lytique. L'activité des endolysines n'est pas influencée par les cofacteurs Tween 0,5%, Triton 0,1%, MgCl[indice inférieur 2] contrairement à l'EDTA qui inhibe celle-ci. Le pH optimum semble être compris entre 7 et 8,5 et ces enzymes agissent sur différentes souches de C. difficile à l'exception de la souche CD630. Malgré ces résultats encourageants, des travaux supplémentaires seront nécessaires afin de stabiliser les enzymes qui ont une forte tendance à précipiter et d'obtenir une meilleure activité

Bone-Preserving Arthroplasty With Abductor Pollicis Longus Tenodesis for Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis.

Purpose The objective of this study was to describe an original method of bone-preserving arthroplasty with abductor pollicis longus (APL) tenodesis and determine its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for early-stage osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint. Methods Eleven patients underwent a trapezium-preserving arthroplasty with APL tenodesis for stage 1 and 2 osteoarthritis were retrospectively reviewed. This arthroplasty consisted of a distally-based APL tendon being passed through the trapeziometacarpal joint. The proximal end of the tendon was then pulled and passed through a drill hole made at the neck of the second metacarpal and sutured to itself. Thus, distraction of the first metacarpal and interposition of the tendon were created. Postoperative radiologic and clinical follow-up visits were performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Range of motion and strength were assessed after surgery. Patient satisfaction and outcome were assessed, and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score was used. Results After a mean follow-up of 29.5 months (range, 16-43 months), the mean patient visual analog scale pain score improved from 7.1 to 2.3. The average DASH score of all patients at the follow-up examination was 18.3 ± 19.8. Patients' mean grip strength was 25.3 kg, which represented 102% of the value on the contralateral side. The key-pinch strength was 6.2 kg on the operated hand compared with 6.5 kg on the contralateral side. The mean thumb opposition Kapandji index was 9.4, which was similar to that of the contralateral side. Three patients were very satisfied with the postoperative outcome and 3 patients were satisfied. Two patients were lost to follow-up, 1 patient did not consent to share her data, and 2 patients had to undergo trapeziectomy. Conclusions Although a larger study population and a longer follow-up period are needed to draw conclusions, bone-preserving arthroplasty with APL tenodesis showed satisfying results in patients presenting with early-stage osteoarthritis. This method is technically simple and time-efficient, does not reduce the range of motion, and leaves open all other surgical options. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV, Case Series

Ausstellungsinszenierung am Beispiel des Technischen Museums Wien

In der Arbeit werden Ausstellungen auf ihre inszenatorischen Konzepte untersucht. Mithilfe der Inszenierungsanalyse, Erika Fischer-Lichtes Strukturanalyse und einem historischen Rückblick auf die Entstehungsgeschichte des Technischen Museums Wien und der beiden ausgesuchten Ausstellungen werden diese besprochen. Eine genaue Betrachtung des Begriffsverständnisses von Ausstellungsinszenierung geht dem voran. Durch die Arbeit wird die undifferenzierte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Begriff Inszenierung deutlich und welche Probleme in der Debatte um Ausstellungsinszenierungen sich dadurch ergeben

Spinal Arachnoid Diverticula: Outcome in 96 Medically or Surgically Treated Dogs

Fifty dogs were managed medically and 46 dogs were treated surgically. Dogs that underwent surgery were significantly younger than dogs that received medical management. No other variables, related to clinical presentation, were significantly different between both groups of dogs. The median follow-up time was 16 months (1–90 months) in the medically treated and 23 months (1–94 months) in the surgically treated group. Of the 38 dogs treated surgically with available long-term follow-up, 82% (n = 31) improved, 3% (n = 1) remained stable and 16% (n = 6) deteriorated after surgery. Of the 37 dogs treated medically with available long-term follow-up, 30% (n = 11) improved, 30% (n = 11) remained stable, and 40% (n = 15) deteriorated. Surgical treatment was more often associated with clinical improvement compared to medical management (P = .0002)

Immuno-Thrombotic Effects of Platelet Serotonin

Platelets transport and store serotonin at a high concentration in dense granules and release it upon activation. Abnormal serotonin concentrations in the blood plasma or increased platelet serotonin release promote the development of thrombosis, sepsis, allergic asthma, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Consequently, experimental data suggest possible benefits of serotonin receptor blockade or inhibition of platelet serotonin uptake in the indicated human diseases. Here, we highlight the current state of basic biological research regarding the role of platelet serotonin in normal and pathophysiological conditions focusing on thrombotic and inflammatory diseases. We also describe the possible clinical applicability of targeting thrombo-immune-modulatory effects of platelet serotonin to treat common health problems

Nonoperative Treatment of Finger Flexor Tenosynovitis in Sport Climbers—A Retrospective Descriptive Study Based on a Clinical 10-Year Database

The aim of this study was to describe the nonoperative treatment outcomes of finger flexor tenosynovitis in sport climbers and to evaluate the association with baseline measures and therapy contents. Sixty-five sport climbers (49 males, mean age 34.1 years) diagnosed with tenosynovitis of the finger flexors were retrospectively asked about injury triggers, therapy contents and outcomes. Pulley thickness was measured by ultrasound. All patients were initially treated conservatively, and only one of the patients needed further therapy (single injection with hyaluronic acid); none of them underwent surgical treatment. The most frequently applied therapy was climbing-related load reduction (91%). The treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction in pain intensity during climbing (before/after therapy ratio [Visual Analog Scale (VAS)/VAS] = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.55, 0.68). The average duration of the symptoms was 30.5 weeks (range 1-120 weeks). In a multiple linear regression analysis, initial daily life pain intensity and a climbing level higher than 7b according to the French/sport grading scale were the only predictive parameters for the relative change in pain intensity and symptom duration, respectively. All patients were able to resume climbing, with 75% regaining or even exceeding their initial climbing level. The good to excellent outcomes and no correlation between particular therapy contents and therapy outcome may suggest that finger flexor tenosynovitis in sport climbers has a favorable natural course without requiring invasive therapy. However, further cohort studies and, ultimately, randomized controlled trials are needed to conclusively confirm our promising observations

Juros de mora tributários no estado de São Paulo: inconstitucionalidade formal e material

Disponível também na Revista Fórum de Direito Tributário, Belo Horizonte, v. 9, n. 50, mar. 2011