Plan de Marketing para una empresa perteneciente al sector de las carretillas elevadoras

El proyecto consiste en el desarrollo de un Plan de Marketing para una empresa perteneciente al sector de las carretillas elevadoras que comercializa diferentes servicios y productos, y que tiene un volumen de facturación de 2,2 millones de Euros. Este plan se elabora para una de sus líneas de producto más recientes: las transpaletas manuales FalconLift. La empresa, denominada JZ RECIELCA SL, fundada en el año 1.998 es reconocida en su sector por el prestigio alcanzado en su actividad de origen que son las reparaciones de circuitos electrónicos, variadores de velocidad y equipos electrónicos aplicados a carretillas elevadoras, plataformas aéreas auto propulsadas y otros vehículos eléctricos. El fundador y propietario de JZ RECIELCA, que es el máximo responsable de la gestión diaria de la compañía, tiene una larga trayectoria y una incuestionable reputación en este campo. El Plan de Marketing incluye una breve descripción de la empresa, de sus productos y de los servicios que presta. Se establece como objetivo del Proyecto concretar las acciones para hacer crecer la cifra de facturación y número de clientes de la gama FalconLift. Para llegar a estas acciones, se realiza un análisis de la situación actual a partir de la información interna y de la información externa en los apartados de: producto, precio, distribución y publicidad. Con estos datos se sintetiza la situación en el análisis Dafo que da lugar a los objetivos cualitativos y cuantitativos del Plan de Marketing y a unas acciones que se concretaran en una propuesta. El plan, tiene un abasto de un año y se limita al mercado Español. Como resultado del análisis se establecen las previsiones de ventas anuales para el período fijado, un programa de acciones a aplicar y se hace una estimación de los resultados finales. Estas acciones comerciales y de marketing se plantean como un proyecto de inversión y se calcula su rentabilidad

La matière au sein du carnaval : un constituant esthétique polysémique

Si, dans le théâtre occidental, la matière semble peu visible, au sein du carnaval, elle est partie prenante du spectacle et, bien souvent, en est même le personnage principal. Selon M. Bakhtine, les caractéristiques de l'esthétique grotesque carnavalesque sont étroitement liées, dès le Moyen-Âge, à la souillure. Farine, œuf, contenu de peau de chambre, cendres, lie de vin, sont autant de matières – symboliquement et parfois réellement fécales – qui, jetées sur l'autre, renvoient au « bas corporel » et rappellent à l'humanité qui en joue son origine première : la poussière, la terre, dépourvue de toute transcendance.Bien que le carnaval ait évolué depuis l’époque médiévale, et bien qu’il ait eu tendance à s’aligner sur l’esthétique policée, “aseptisée” voire “dé-corporalisée” de la bourgeoisie du XIXe siècle, force est de constater qu’il a su garder, sous bien des latitudes, ce lien essentiel avec la souillure et la subversion. À travers divers exemples de carnavals contemporains, européens, guyanais et guadeloupéens, nous verrons comment la mise en jeu de la matière peut relever d’un acte politique, renvoyant selon les contextes au désir de rabaisser les pouvoirs en place, d’affirmer des identités marginalisées ou minorées, de valoriser une Nature bafouée

A Comparative Examination of Vocational Education Teacher Qualifications and Preparation Between Finland and the State of Ohio in the United States

Working between the formal education system and workplace, vocational education teachers contribute to the growth and development of a country’s future workforce. Using interviews of university professors, examination of legislation and administrative rules and information obtained from applicable websites, this article compares two different teacher education systems for the preparation of vocational teachers in the country of Finland and the state of Ohio in the United States. Findings indicate both systems have commonalities as well as significant differences. This comparison will contribute to a better understanding of vocational teacher education from an international perspective and examines such aspects as qualification requirements for vocational education teachers, the institutions providing teacher preparation and the content of the teacher training programs. A discussion of the vocational education systems in both settings is also provided for background and context

Pre-organized structure of viral DNA at the binding-processing site of HIV-1 integrase

The integration of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA into the host cell genome is catalysed by the viral integrase (IN). The reaction consists of a 3′-processing [dinucleotide released from each 3′ end of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR)] followed by a strand transfer (insertion of the viral genome into the human chromosome). A 17 base pair oligonucleotide d(GGAAAATCTCTAGCAGT), d(ACTGCTAGAGATTTTCC) reproducing the U5-LTR extremity of viral DNA that contains the IN attachment site was analysed by NMR using the classical NOEs and scalar coupling constants in conjunction with a small set of residual dipolar coupling constants (RDCs) measured at the (13)C/(15)N natural abundance. The combination of these two types of parameters in calculations significantly improved the DNA structure determination. The well-known features of A-tracts were clearly identified by RDCs in the first part of the molecule. The binding/cleavage site at the viral DNA end is distinguishable by a loss of regular base stacking and a distorted minor groove that can aid its specific recognition by IN

Structural and dynamic characterization of the upper part of the HIV-1 cTAR DNA hairpin

First strand transfer is essential for HIV-1 reverse transcription. During this step, the TAR RNA hairpin anneals to the cTAR DNA hairpin; this annealing reaction is promoted by the nucleocapsid protein and involves an initial loop–loop interaction between the apical loops of TAR and cTAR. Using NMR and probing methods, we investigated the structural and dynamic properties of the top half of the cTAR DNA (mini-cTAR). We show that the upper stem located between the apical and the internal loops is stable, but that the lower stem of mini-cTAR is unstable. The residues of the internal loop undergo slow motions at the NMR time-scale that are consistent with conformational exchange phenomena. In contrast, residues of the apical loop undergo fast motions. The lower stem is destabilized by the slow interconversion processes in the internal loop, and thus the internal loop is responsible for asymmetric destabilization of mini-cTAR. These findings are consistent with the functions of cTAR in first strand transfer: its apical loop is suitably exposed to interact with the apical loop of TAR RNA and its lower stem is significantly destabilized to facilitate the subsequent action of the nucleocapsid protein which promotes the annealing reaction

An Unusual Helix Turn Helix Motif in the Catalytic Core of HIV-1 Integrase Binds Viral DNA and LEDGF

Background: Integrase (IN) of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) catalyzes the integration of viral DNA into host cellular DNA. We identified a bi-helix motif (residues 149–186) in the crystal structure of the catalytic core (CC) of the IN-Phe185Lys variant that consists of the a 4 and a 5 helices connected by a 3 to 5-residue turn. The motif is embedded in a large array of interactions that stabilize the monomer and the dimer. Principal Findings: We describe the conformational and binding properties of the corresponding synthetic peptide. This displays features of the protein motif structure thanks to the mutual intramolecular interactions of the a4 and a5 helices that maintain the fold. The main properties are the binding to: 1- the processing-attachment site at the LTR (long terminal repeat) ends of virus DNA with a Kd (dissociation constant) in the sub-micromolar range; 2- the whole IN enzyme; and 3- the IN binding domain (IBD) but not the IBD-Asp366Asn variant of LEDGF (lens epidermal derived growth factor) lacking the essential Asp366 residue. In our motif, in contrast to the conventional HTH (helix-turn-helix), it is the N terminal helix (a 4) which has the role of DNA recognition helix, while the C terminal helix (a 5) would rather contribute to the motif stabilization by interactions with the a4 helix. Conclusion: The motif, termed HTHi (i, for inverted) emerges as a central piece of the IN structure and function. It coul

De la faille alpine à la fosse de Puysegur (Nouvelle-Zélande) : résultats de la campagne de cartographie multifaisceaux GEODYNZ-SUD, Leg 2

Le Leg 2 de la campagne GEODYNZ-SUD, menée au SW de la Nouvelle-Zélande, a permis de reconnaître les structures qui accompagnent du Nord au Sud le passage de la faille alpine à la subduction oblique sous la marge du Fiodland, puis à celle naissante, intra-océanique sous la ride de Macquarie. Au Nord et au-dessus de la plaque australienne subductée vers l'Est, un faisceau longitudinal de décrochements converge vers le système transpressif de la faille alpine en découpant la marge continentale. Au Sud, la déformation décrochante est strictement localisée au sommet de la ride de Macquarie. (Résumé d'auteur

Early-stage rifting of the northern Tyrrhenian Sea Basin: Results from a combined wide-angle and multichannel seismic study

Extension of the continental lithosphere leads to the formation of rift basins and ultimately may create passive continental margins. The mechanisms that operate during the early stage of crustal extension are still intensely debated. We present the results from coincident multichannel seismic and wide-angle seismic profiles that transect across the northern Tyrrhenian Sea Basin. The profiles cross the Corsica Basin (France) to the Latium Margin (Italy) where the early-rift stage of the basin is well preserved. We found two domains, each with a distinct tectonic style, heat flow and crustal thickness. One domain is the Corsica Basin in the west that formed before the main rift phase of the northern Tyrrhenian Sea opening (∼8–4 Ma). The second domain is rifted continental crust characterized by tilted blocks and half-graben structures in the central region and at the Latium Margin. These two domains are separated by a deep (∼10 km) sedimentary complex of the eastern portion of the Corsica Basin. Travel-time tomography of wide-angle seismic data reveals the crustal architecture and a subhorizontal 15–17 ± 1 km deep Moho discontinuity under the basin. To estimate the amount of horizontal extension we have identified the pre-, syn-, and post-tectonic sedimentary units and calculated the relative displacement of faults. We found that major faults initiated at angles of 45°–50° and that the rifted domain is horizontally stretched by a factor of β ∼ 1.3 (∼8–10 mm/a). The crust has been thinned from ∼24 to ∼17 km indicating a similar amount of extension (∼30%). The transect represents one of the best imaged early rifts and implies that the formation of crustal-scale detachments, or long-lived low-angle normal faults, is not a general feature that controls the rift initiation of continental crust. Other young rift basins, like the Gulf of Corinth, the Suez Rift or Lake Baikal, display features resembling the northern Tyrrhenian Basin, suggesting that half-graben formations and distributed homogeneous crustal thinning are a common feature during rift initiation

Intrinsic nucleic acid dynamics modulates HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein binding to its targets

HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NC) is involved in the rearrangement of nucleic acids occurring in key steps of reverse transcription. The protein, through its two zinc fingers, interacts preferentially with unpaired guanines in single-stranded sequences. In mini-cTAR stem-loop, which corresponds to the top half of the cDNA copy of the transactivation response element of the HIV-1 genome, NC was found to exhibit a clear preference for the TGG sequence at the bottom of mini-cTAR stem. To further understand how this site was selected among several potential binding sites containing unpaired guanines, we probed the intrinsic dynamics of mini-cTAR using (13)C relaxation measurements. Results of spin relaxation time measurements have been analyzed using the model-free formalism and completed by dispersion relaxation measurements. Our data indicate that the preferentially recognized guanine in the lower part of the stem is exempt of conformational exchange and highly mobile. In contrast, the unrecognized unpaired guanines of mini-cTAR are involved in conformational exchange, probably related to transient base-pairs. These findings support the notion that NC preferentially recognizes unpaired guanines exhibiting a high degree of mobility. The ability of NC to discriminate between close sequences through their dynamic properties contributes to understanding how NC recognizes specific sites within the HIV genome