Kaupunkihistoria : monet menneisyydet, uudet tulkinnat

publishedVersionNon peer reviewe

Kaupunkihistoria : Monet menneisyydet, uudet tulkinnat

publishedVersionNon peer reviewe

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continue or discontinue aspirin in the perioperative period: a randomized, controlled clinical tria

To continue or discontinue aspirin in the perioperative period: a randomized, controlled clinical trial

Background: Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) are a common cause of deathafter non-cardiac surgery. Despite evidence for the benefitof aspirin for secondary prevention, it is often discontinuedin the perioperative period due to the risk of bleeding. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlledtrial in order to compare the effect of low-dose aspirin withthat of placebo on myocardial damage, cardiovascular, and bleedingcomplications in high-risk patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.Aspirin (75 mg) or placebo was given 7 days before surgery andcontinued until the third postoperative day. Patients were followedup for 30 days after surgery. Results: A total of 220 patients were enrolled, 109 patients receivedaspirin and 111 received placebo. Four patients (3.7%) in theaspirin group and 10 patients (9.0%) in the placebo group hadelevated troponin T levels in the postoperative period (P=0.10).Twelve patients (5.4%) had an MACE during the first 30 postoperativedays. Two of these patients (1.8%) were in the aspirin groupand 10 patients (9.0%) were in the placebo group (P=0.02). Treatmentwith aspirin resulted in a 7.2% absolute risk reduction [95%confidence interval (CI), 1.3–13%] for postoperative MACE.The relative risk reduction was 80% (95% CI, 9.2–95%).Numbers needed to treat were 14 (95% CI, 7.6–78). No significantdifferences in bleeding complications were seen between thetwo groups. Conclusions: In high-risk patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, perioperativeaspirin reduced the risk of MACE without increasing bleedingcomplications. However, the study was not powered to evaluatebleeding complications.  This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in British Journal of Anaesthesia following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version:Anna Oscarsson Tibblin, Anil Gupta, Mats Fredrikson, Johannes Järhult, Matti Nyström, Eva Pettersson, Bijan Darvish, Helena Krook, Eva Swahn and Christina Eintrei, To continue or discontinue aspirin in the perioperative period: a randomized, controlled clinical trial, 2010, British Journal of Anaesthesia, (104), 3, 305-312.is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1093/bja/aeq003Copyright: Oxford University Presshttp://www.oxfordjournals.org

Application of Ergonomic Principles and Communication Skills in the Process of Relocating Patients

Maģistra darba tēma ir ”Ergonomikas principu un komunikācijas prasmju pielietošana pacientu pārvietošanas procesā”. Tēmas aktualitāti nosaka tas, ka māsas ir pakļautas dažādiem fiziska rakstura apdraudējumiem. Lai veiktu pacienta kvalitatīvu un sekmīgu ārstēšanas procesa gaitu, māsai, balstoties uz savām zināšanām, nepieciešams ievērot ergonomikas principus. Ievērojot ergonomikas principus, ir iespējams mazināt traumu un arodslimību skaitu māsām, līdz ar to arī pacients tiks mazāk pakļauts kaitīgās vides riskiem. Maģistra darba pētījuma mērķis ir novērtēt māsu zināšanas par ergonomikas principiem un komunikācijas prasmju pielietošanu guļošu pacientu pārvietošanas procesā. Pētniecības uzdevums ir izstrādāt anketu un novērojuma protokolu, apkopot un analizēt iegūtos rezultātus, veikt secinājumus un izstrādāt ieteikumus. Maģistra darbs sastāv no ievada, literatūras apskata un analīzes, rezultātu apkopojuma, secinājumiem un ieteikumiem. Pētniecības instruments: aptaujas anketa un novērojuma protokols. Pētniecības metode: kvantitatīva un kvalitatīva. Atslēgvārdi: ergonomika, komunikācija, darba vide, māsu zināšanas, pacientu pārvietošanaThe theme of Master’s Thesis is ”Application of Ergonomic Principles and Communication Skills in the Process of Relocating Patients”. Nurses are subjected to various physical hazards and that determines topicality of the theme. In order to provide patients with a qualitative and successful process of care, the nurse, basing on her knowledge, needs to follow the principles of ergonomics. If principles of ergonomics will be taken into account, it is possible to reduce the number of traumas and occupational diseases for nurses, thus, the patient will be less exposed to risks due to harmful environment. The aim of the Master’s Thesis is to evaluate knowledge of the nurses about the principles of ergonomics and the application of communication skills in the process of relocating patients. The research task is to develop a questionnaire and observation protocol, collect and analyze the results, draw conclusions and make recommendations. Master’s Thesis consists of introduction, literature review and analysis, summary of results, conclusions and recommendations. Research instrument: questionnaire and observation protocol. Research method: quantitative and qualitative. Keywords: ergonomics, communication, working environment, knowledge of nurses, patient relocation

Northern Lights on PISA and TALIS

• Is PISA 2012 relevant to mathematics education in Norway and Sweden? • In what ways are the different leadership styles among principals in the Nordic countries related to teachers’ attitudes and behaviours and students achievements? • What are the associations between professional development, job satisfaction and self-efficacy? • Can collegial work and school leader feedback improve teachers’ self-efficacy in Nordic classrooms? • What characterizes high-performing students in mathematics within the Nordic countries? • Are international large-scale educational assessments elephants arriving at the gates of our national educational system? These are some of the questions that are discussed in this collection of articles. The issues are based on the results of the OECD studies PISA and TALIS. The articles aim to provide input for policy discussions and to further policy development within the Nordic countries. Therefore, the main target groups are educational ministers and policymakers at all levels. These analyses will also provide input to the joint Nordic initiatives on educational development