Passado imprevisível em um tempo imprevisível: O centenário da Revolução de 1917 na Rússia contemporânea

В России политика памяти приобретает особую роль вследствие ограничения публичной политики. На высшем официальном уровне юбилей революции 1917 года пока фактически игнорируется, хотя допускаются научные дискуссии, реализуются выставочные и просветительские проекты. Политические акторы почти не используют память о революции, и в публичном пространстве отсутствуют значимые события, связанные с юбилеем. История революции воспринимается как «неиспользуемое прошлое». На политику памяти влияет культурная память. Оценка последствий революции гражданами России противоречива и мало изменилась с 1990 г., при этом большинство отвергает возможность новой революции. Тенденция последних лет – разрыв в уровне исторических знаний и восприятии прошлого между старшими и младшими поколениями.In Russia, the politics of memory play a special role, in view of the limits on public politics. At the highest official level, the anniversary of the Revolutions of 1917 is being ignored, although academic discussions are permitted. There are also exhibits and educational projects. Political figures do not refer to the memory of the revolution, and there are no significant events in the public space linked to the anniversary. The history of the revolution is «unusable past.» Cultural memory influences the politics of memory. Citizens’ assessment of the consequences of the revolution is contradictory and has changed little since 1990, and the majority deny any possibility of a new revolution. The tendency of the last years is that of a divide in historical knowledge and assement of the past between the older and younger generations.Na Rússia, a política da memória adquire um papel de destaque em decorrência da limitação da política pública. Nas altas esferas oficiais, o centenário da revolução de 1917 é praticamente ignorado, embora sejam permitidas discussões científicas e realizem-se projetos expositivos e educativos. Os atores políticos quase não usam a memória da revolução, e no espaço público estão ausentes eventos relevantes ligados ao centenário. A história da revolução é considerada “passado não-utilizável”. A memória cultural influencia a política da memória. A avaliação sobre as consequências da revolução por parte dos cidadãos russos é contraditória e pouco mudou desde 1990. Junto com isso, a maioria nega a possibilidade de uma nova revolução. A tendência dos últimos anos é o distanciamento no nível de conhecimento histórico e percepção do passado entre a geração mais velha e a mais nova

Interpreting Metabolomic Profiles using Unbiased Pathway Models

Human disease is heterogeneous, with similar disease phenotypes resulting from distinct combinations of genetic and environmental factors. Small-molecule profiling can address disease heterogeneity by evaluating the underlying biologic state of individuals through non-invasive interrogation of plasma metabolite levels. We analyzed metabolite profiles from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 50 individuals, 25 with normal (NGT) and 25 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Our focus was to elucidate underlying biologic processes. Although we initially found little overlap between changed metabolites and preconceived definitions of metabolic pathways, the use of unbiased network approaches identified significant concerted changes. Specifically, we derived a metabolic network with edges drawn between reactant and product nodes in individual reactions and between all substrates of individual enzymes and transporters. We searched for “active modules”—regions of the metabolic network enriched for changes in metabolite levels. Active modules identified relationships among changed metabolites and highlighted the importance of specific solute carriers in metabolite profiles. Furthermore, hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis demonstrated that changed metabolites in OGTT naturally grouped according to the activities of the System A and L amino acid transporters, the osmolyte carrier SLC6A12, and the mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate transporter SLC25A13. Comparison between NGT and IGT groups supported blunted glucose- and/or insulin-stimulated activities in the IGT group. Using unbiased pathway models, we offer evidence supporting the important role of solute carriers in the physiologic response to glucose challenge and conclude that carrier activities are reflected in individual metabolite profiles of perturbation experiments. Given the involvement of transporters in human disease, metabolite profiling may contribute to improved disease classification via the interrogation of specific transporter activities

Inositol and higher inositol phosphates in neural tissues: homeostasis, metabolism and functional significance

Inositol phospholipids and inositol phosphates mediate well-established functions in signal transduction and in Ca 2+ homeostasis in the CNS and non-neural tissues. More recently, there has been renewed interest in other roles that both myo -inositol and its highly phosphorylated forms may play in neural function. We review evidence that myo -inositol serves as a clinically relevant osmolyte in the CNS, and that its hexakisphosphate and pyrophosphorylated derivatives may play roles in such diverse cellular functions as DNA repair, nuclear RNA export and synaptic membrane trafficking.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65201/1/j.1471-4159.2002.01041.x.pd

Studium zagospodarowania przestrzennego wokół mostu Lutosławskiego na Kalinowszczyźnie w Lublinie

This paper discusses the problem of reviving the Bystrzyca River in Lublin in the vicinity of the historic M. Lutosławski Bridge in the disctrict of Kalinowszczyzna. Historically, this area was an outer part of the city. The north-estern tract turnpike was located there. Until the twentieth century, there was a wooden bridge which was replaced by a reinforced concrete (RC) one. Currently, the space around the bridge is undeveloped. Moreover, there are no parks, recreational areas or cultural venues there. The bridge itself is a technical monument of great value. Despite general awareness of the importance of the bridge, not enough is done to protect it for posterity. The current technical assessment of the bridge indicates its grave condition resulting from rapidly developing corrosion of the carrying RC elements. The paper describes the surroundings of the bridge and contains some suggestions regarding the use of the bridge as a park avenue and as a stage for music concerts.W artykule są rozpatrywane trzy warianty remontu mostu MarianaLutosławskiego w Lublinie na Kalinowszczyźnie. Jego obecny stan techniczny możnauznać za graniczny, ze względu na postępującą korozję żelbetu. Most został wybudowanyw 1908 roku. Ze względu na jego historyczną i techniczną wartość, obecnie biegnie proceswpisania tego obiektu na listę chronionych dóbr kultury. Kolejne terminy podjęcia pracrenowacyjnych są odsuwane na przyszłość. Jednocześnie zgłaszane są różne propozycjejego przyszłej roli w Lublinie. Odrestaurowany w 2011 roku most Lutosławskiego z 1909roku został zawłaszczony przez środowiska kulturotwórcze miasta. Most jest nazywanyMostem Kultury. Mając to na względzie, w niniejszym artykule opisana jest analogicznarola mostu. Tym razem proponuje się by tereny zielone wokół mostu przekształcić w parkz główną aleją biegnącą przez most. Poza zwykłą parkową rolą most miałby być równieżsceną, na której będą organizowane koncerty muzyczne, a zieleń parkowa wokół mostumogła być łatwo dostosowywana do audytorium. Na rysunkach zaprezentowano kilkamożliwych wariantów aranżacji mostu, które obejmują jego projektowaną formę zwykłąi koncertową. W bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie jest usytuowana arteria miejska. Podanoprzykład separacji ruchu przez wybudowanie podziemnego tunelu. Wejścia/wyjściaz tunelu mają formę niewielkich interesujących form architektonicznych. Zaplanowanorównież miejsca parkingowe, które mogą być na terenie lub parkingami wielopoziomowymi,podziemnymi

Propeller-engine interaction in a dynamic model scale environment

Regulatory demands on ship designs, such as emission and manoeuvrability requirements, are becoming increasingly stringent, raising the need for advanced methods to predict and assess dynamic propulsion plant behaviour of a new design. At present, model scale experiments and numerical simulations are not able to predict this behaviour in full detail. To fill the resulting knowledge gap, this paper proposes to further develop existing scale model tests into so-called dynamic model basin tests. These tests aim to predict dynamic behaviour of the ship propulsion plant in complex, dynamic environments in more detail, leading to improved propulsion systems and controls and ultimately, lower emissions, lower fuel consumption and increased manoeuvrability

A new generation of sloshing pressure sensors

Sloshing impacts are highly dynamic and localized events. One problem in the measurement of sloshing impact pressures is the limited spatial resolution that can be achieved with current sensors. To overcome this hurdle a project was started to develop new sensors that allow to increase the spatial resolution of pressure measurements by a factor 5 compared to current test setups in sloshing experiments. The sensors were based on commercially available MEMS devices, which are suitable for measurements with liquid media. The main application of these devices are static pressure measurements. Therefore a qualification program for the new sensors for sloshing applications was started. First static and dynamic measurements in air gave promising results and encourage to continue this development with future tests in water

Acute regulation of the Betaine/GABA transporter BGT-1 expressed in xenopus oocytes by extracellular pH

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Effect of extracellular pH on the myo-inositol transporter SMIT expressed in Xenopus oocytes

The myo-inositol transporter SMIT is expressed particularly at high extracellular osmolarity and serves to accumulate the osmolyte myo-inositol. Transport of myo-inositol is coupled to the cotransport of Na+ and is electrogenic. In Xenopus oocytes injected with mRNA encoding SMIT but not in water-injected oocytes, myo-inositol creates an inward current that is dependent on the ambient Na+ concentration. The present study has been performed to elucidate the pH dependence of myo-inositol-induced currents. Therefore, Xenopus oocytes were injected with mRNA encoding SMIT and two-electrode voltage-clamp studies were performed. The myo-inositol-induced currents in oocytes expressing SMIT were found to have a sigmoidal dependence on the ambient pH between pH 5.5 and 8.5 with an apparent K-i of 0.21+/-001 mu M H+ and a Hill coefficient of 1.80+/-0.16. Kinetic analysis of the myo-inositol-induced currents at pH 8.0 and -90 mV holding potential revealed a Hill coefficient of 0.93+/0.07 and an apparent K-m, for myo-inositol of 0.031+/-0.003 mM as well as a Hill coefficient of 1.64+/-0.24 and an apparent K-m of 38.8+/-4.1 mM for Na+. A decrease of the Na+ concentration from 150 mM to 50 mM significantly altered the maximal observed current and increased the apparent K-m for myo-inositol. Acidification to pH 6.5 significantly increased the apparent K-m for myo-inositol and for Na+ to 0.057+/-0.005 mM and 73.9+/-4.8 mM, respectively. The Hill coefficients for myo-inositol and Na+ were not affected and remained close to 1 for myo-inositol and 2 for Na+. In summary, acidification impedes SMIT-mediated myo-inositol transport at least partially by decreasing the affinity of the carrier for Na+. The impaired Na+ binding subsequently decreases binding and transport of myo-inositol.close181