Excited (70,L+)(70,L^+) baryon resonances in the relativistic quark model

The masses of positive parity $(70,0^+)$ and $(70,2^+)$ nonstrange and strange baryons are calculated in the relativistic quark model. The relativistic three-quark equations of the $(70,L^+)$ multiplets are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The approximate solutions of these equations using the method based on the extraction of leading singularities of the amplitude are obtained. The calculated mass values of the $(70,L^+)$ multiplets are in good agreement with the experimental ones.Comment: latex, 23 pages, 3 figure

Hexaquarks in the coupled-channel formalism

The relativistic six-quark equations are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The approximate solutions of these equations using the method based on the extraction of leading singularities of the amplitudes are obtained. The relativistic six-quark amplitudes of hexaquarks including the quarks of three flavors ($u$, $d$, $s$) are calculated. The poles of these amplitudes determine the masses of six-quark systems.Comment: 24 pages, late

КЛІНІЧНИЙ ВИПАДОК САРКОЇДОЗУ ЛЕГЕНЬ З КОМПЛЕКСНОЮ МІЖДИСЦИПЛІНАРНОЮ ВЕРИФІКАЦІЄЮ ДІАГНОЗУ

The idiopathic onset, the variety of clinical manifestations, the inability to predict the course requires the maximum consideration of all confirmed cases of sarcoidosis in order to accurately select a therapy strategy. Material and Methods. Description of diagnostic and verification pulmonary sarcoidosis using different methods of examination before and after treatment for objective reporting capabilities of each type of diagnosis. Results. The clinical case of sarcoidosis in a 45 year-old patient is considered, the importance of combining modern methods of examination, including computed tomography, polymerase-chain reaction in the study of sputum, determination of angiotensin-converting enzyme, video bronchoscopy, and biopsy of lymph node are demonstrated. Conclusions. The use of a comprehensive approach in the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis can not only verify but also trace the dynamics of the pathological process under the influence of prescribed therapeutic measures and optimally adjust the dosage of glucocorticosteroid therapy.Идиопатическое возникновение, разнообразие клинических проявлений, невозможность спрогнозировать течение саркоидоза требуют максимального рассмотрения всех подтвержденных случаев саркоидоза с целью точного подбора стратегии терапии. Материал и методы. Описан случай диагностики и верификации саркоидоза легких с помощью различных методов обследования до и после лечения для объективного освещения возможностей каждого вида диагностики. Результаты. Рассмотрен клинический случай саркоидоза у пациента 45 лет, продемонстрирована важность сочетания современных методов обследования, в том числе компьютерной томографии, полимеразной цепной реакции в исследовании мокроты, определения ангиотензинпревращающего фермента, видеобронхоскопии, биопсии лимфатического узла и других для верификации диагноза. Выводы. Применение комплексного подхода в диагностике легочного саркоидоза позволяет не только верифицировать, но и проследить динамику патологического процесса под влиянием назначенных лечебных мероприятий и оптимально скорректировать дозировку глюкокортикостероидной терапии.Ідіопатичне виникнення, різноманітність клінічних проявів, неможливість спрогнозувати перебіг саркоїдозу потребує максимального розгляду всіх підтверджених випадків саркоїдозу з метою точного підбору стратегії терапії. Матеріал і методи. Описаний випадок діагностики та верифікації саркоїдозу легень за допомогою різних методів обстеження до та після лікування задля об’єктивного висвітлення можливостей кожного виду діагностики. Результати. Розглянутий клінічний випадок саркоїдозу у пацієнта 45 років, продемонстровано важливість поєднання сучасних методів обстеження, в тому числі комп'ютерної томографії, полімеразно-ланцюгової реакції в дослідженні харкотиння, визначення ангіотензинперетворюючого ферменту, відеобронхоскопії, біопсії лімфатичного вузла та інших у верифікації діагнозу. Висновки. Застосування комплексного підходу в діагностиці легеневого саркоїдозу дозволяє не тільки верифікувати, а й простежити динаміку патологічного процесу під впливом призначених лікувальних заходів та оптимально скоригувати дозування глюкокортикостероїдної терапії

Relative Roles of the Cellular and Humoral Responses in the Drosophila Host Defense against Three Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections

BACKGROUND: Two NF-kappaB signaling pathways, Toll and immune deficiency (imd), are required for survival to bacterial infections in Drosophila. In response to septic injury, these pathways mediate rapid transcriptional activation of distinct sets of effector molecules, including antimicrobial peptides, which are important components of a humoral defense response. However, it is less clear to what extent macrophage-like hemocytes contribute to host defense. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In order to dissect the relative importance of humoral and cellular defenses after septic injury with three different gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus), we used latex bead pre-injection to ablate macrophage function in flies wildtype or mutant for various Toll and imd pathway components. We found that in all three infection models a compromised phagocytic system impaired fly survival--independently of concomitant Toll or imd pathway activation. Our data failed to confirm a role of the PGRP-SA and GNBP1 Pattern Recognition Receptors for phagocytosis of S. aureus. The Drosophila scavenger receptor Eater mediates the phagocytosis by hemocytes or S2 cells of E. faecalis and S. aureus, but not of M. luteus. In the case of M. luteus and E. faecalis, but not S. aureus, decreased survival due to defective phagocytosis could be compensated for by genetically enhancing the humoral immune response. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results underscore the fundamental importance of both cellular and humoral mechanisms in Drosophila immunity and shed light on the balance between these two arms of host defense depending on the invading pathogen

RNAi in the regulation of mammalian viral infections

Although RNA interference (RNAi) is known to play an important part in defense against viruses of invertebrates, its contribution to mammalian anti-viral defense has been a matter of dispute. This is surprising because all components of the RNAi machinery necessary for robust RNAi-mediated restriction of viruses are conserved in mammals, and the introduction of synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into cells efficiently silences the replication of viruses that contain siRNA complementary sequences in those cells. Here, I discuss the reasons for the dispute, and review the evidence that RNAi is a part of the physiological defense of mammalian cells against viral infections

Six RNA Viruses and Forty-One Hosts: Viral Small RNAs and Modulation of Small RNA Repertoires in Vertebrate and Invertebrate Systems

We have used multiplexed high-throughput sequencing to characterize changes in small RNA populations that occur during viral infection in animal cells. Small RNA-based mechanisms such as RNA interference (RNAi) have been shown in plant and invertebrate systems to play a key role in host responses to viral infection. Although homologs of the key RNAi effector pathways are present in mammalian cells, and can launch an RNAi-mediated degradation of experimentally targeted mRNAs, any role for such responses in mammalian host-virus interactions remains to be characterized. Six different viruses were examined in 41 experimentally susceptible and resistant host systems. We identified virus-derived small RNAs (vsRNAs) from all six viruses, with total abundance varying from “vanishingly rare” (less than 0.1% of cellular small RNA) to highly abundant (comparable to abundant micro-RNAs “miRNAs”). In addition to the appearance of vsRNAs during infection, we saw a number of specific changes in host miRNA profiles. For several infection models investigated in more detail, the RNAi and Interferon pathways modulated the abundance of vsRNAs. We also found evidence for populations of vsRNAs that exist as duplexed siRNAs with zero to three nucleotide 3′ overhangs. Using populations of cells carrying a Hepatitis C replicon, we observed strand-selective loading of siRNAs onto Argonaute complexes. These experiments define vsRNAs as one possible component of the interplay between animal viruses and their hosts

Human cellular restriction factors that target HIV-1 replication

Recent findings have highlighted roles played by innate cellular factors in restricting intracellular viral replication. In this review, we discuss in brief the activities of apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme 3G (APOBEC3G), bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2), cyclophilin A, tripartite motif protein 5 alpha (Trim5α), and cellular microRNAs as examples of host restriction factors that target HIV-1. We point to countermeasures encoded by HIV-1 for moderating the potency of these cellular restriction functions