Evaluation of Non-Conventional Fertilizers On The Growth Response of Zinnia Seedlings

ABSTRACT :Plants are the precious gift given by nature to mankind. The commercial important of flowers has been realized throughout the world and today floriculture has developed into an intensive form of agriculture. Flowers and gardens have for long been important in India , for three main considerations namely aesthetic , Economic and Social. Zinnia has many types depending mainly on the shape and size of flower , plant height and cultivars in each type varying in flower colour. India is endowed with natural wealth of plant materials, which are of great horticultural and floricultural importantand significance. Maintaining adequate quantities of nutrients in soil or growing media is important .Nitrogen , Phosphorous and Potash are required in relatively large amount while most other nutrients are needed in only in small amounts. KEYWORDS :Commercial , intense , shape , consideration , natural , materials , nutrient , economic , horticultural . I.INTRODUCTION Developed countries account for more than 90 per cent of the total world trade in floricultural products. Various minerals and fertilizers have a profound influence on the yield and quality through their effect on production. The increasing demand for cut flowers like zinnia, rose, anthurium, gladiolus, orchids etc., force the floriculture in India to import large quantities of flowers and seeds. The present investigation facilitate the usage of several items, which are a waste in normal course but turned into value by using it in a proper and at proper condition. The present investigations carried out by a small attempt in understanding the influence of certain well established plant growth regulators and bio fertilizers on growth and development. II.EXPERIMENTAL 2.1.Effect of soil administration of different concentrations of sheep's urine and it's combination with fermented gingelly cake and groundnut cake. Azospirillum and Phosphobacterium on the growth of zinnia seedlings. 15 days old zinnia seedlings were transplanted to polythene bags (9x12") containing the mixture of sand and well decomposed cowdung (1). They were divided into one control (A) and three experimental groups (B), (C) and (D). The experimental groups received soil administration of different concentration of sheep's urine (100%, 50%, 25%) and combination of 50ml 25% sheep's urine +50ml 5% gingelly cake and groundnut cake, 50ml 1% Azospirillum +50ml 25% sheep's urine and 50ml 1% Phosphobacterium + 50ml 25% sheep's urine Once in a week for continuous three weeks. Control (A) seedlings received water treatment only. The growth parameters were recorded after five weeks from the date of transplantation. 2.2.Effect of soil administration of different concentrations of sheep's blood and its combination with fermented gingelly cake and ground nut cake, Azospirillum and Phosphobacterium on the growth of zinnia seedlings

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biological Activities of Co(II) and Ni(II) Mixed Ligand Complexes

2,4-Dinitrophynylhydrazine and two thiocyanate ions in a (M:L1:L2) 1:2:2 molar ratio was synthesized in the complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II). The prepared compounds were identified through a C.H.N.S. analysis, conductivity measurements, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), the infrared spectrum, and a UV-visible spectrum analysis, in addition to the magnetic properties being measured. The measurements of the molar conductance implieda nonelectrolytic nature of compounds Co(II) and Ni(II). The magnetic susceptibility, as well as electronic spectra, represented all the metal complexesthroughoctahedral geometry, respectively. The PXRD patterns suggested that all the complexes were an orthorhombic system with unit cell parameters. The in-vitro biological activity of the ligand and the metal complexes were screened against the Gram-positive and negative pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, as well as the fungal species of Aspergillusniger and Candida albicans.Thus, the metal complexes showeda high efficiency of antimicrobial activity compared with the ligand. Furthermore, applications of the ligand, as well as the metal complexes, were tested for in-vitro antioxidant potential in aDPPH assay. The results showed that the activity of the metal complexes with the in-vitro antioxidant was more active than that of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNPH)

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biological Activities of Co(II) and Ni(II) Mixed Ligand Complexes

2,4-Dinitrophynylhydrazine and two thiocyanate ions in a (M:L1:L2) 1:2:2 molar ratio was synthesized in the complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II). The prepared compounds were identified through a C.H.N.S. analysis, conductivity measurements, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), the infrared spectrum, and a UV-visible spectrum analysis, in addition to the magnetic properties being measured. The measurements of the molar conductance implieda nonelectrolytic nature of compounds Co(II) and Ni(II). The magnetic susceptibility, as well as electronic spectra, represented all the metal complexesthroughoctahedral geometry, respectively. The PXRD patterns suggested that all the complexes were an orthorhombic system with unit cell parameters. The in-vitro biological activity of the ligand and the metal complexes were screened against the Gram-positive and negative pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, as well as the fungal species of Aspergillusniger and Candida albicans.Thus, the metal complexes showeda high efficiency of antimicrobial activity compared with the ligand. Furthermore, applications of the ligand, as well as the metal complexes, were tested for in-vitro antioxidant potential in aDPPH assay. The results showed that the activity of the metal complexes with the in-vitro antioxidant was more active than that of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNPH)

A Brief Study on Optical and Mechanical Properties of an Organic Material: Urea Glutaric Acid (2/1)—A Third Order Nonlinear Optical Single Crystal

Urea glutaric acid (UGA), an organic crystal, was synthesized and grown using a low temperature solution technique. Single crystal XRD revealed a monoclinic structure with a C2/C space group. The various cell data were identified. The optical parameters were calculated from UV-visible spectrum. The transmittance spectra showed the cutoff wavelength as 240 nm (low) and the energy gap determined from the spectra was compared with the theoretical energy gap. The transition number revealed the electron transition, which corresponded to direct allowed transition. The diverse optical parameters like reflectance, extinction coefficient, refractive index and optical susceptibility were determined. The least value of Urbach energy caused less defects and a good crystalline nature. The steepness value and electron phonon interaction were calculated. The positions of lower and higher band energy levels were identified. Electronic polarizability was found using the Clausius–Mossoti relation and tabulated. The mechanical fitness was measured from Vickers hardness analysis. The nonlinear optical property was measured from Z-scan analysis. Thus, the optical results support the material suitability and fitness for optical and electronic domain applications

Growth and Characterization of Second and Third Order Acentric Studies of <span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span>-Phenylalanine <span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span>-Phenylalaninium Malonate Single Crystal

A single crystal of l-phenylalanine l-phenylalanininum malonate (LPPMA) was synthesized by slow evaporation and was subjected to nonlinear optical examination and physio-chemical characterization. Studies on single X-ray diffraction confirm the arrangement of monoclinic space group P21 which is a vital criterion for the NLO phenomenon. The assessment of functional groups and diverse vibration modes responsible for the characteristics of the material was performed with an FTIR analysis. The UV-visible spectral examination found the wavelength of UV-cutoff at 233 nm and various optical parameters were evaluated. The mechanical strength and different criteria associated with it were assessed. The electric field response of the material was examined in terms of the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, ac conductivity and activation energy. The spectra of emission were detailed. The efficacy of second harmonic generation was studied. The parameters of nonlinearity were investigated to analyse the third-order acentric optical response in the LPPMA by Z-scan procedure

Synthesis, Characterization and Bio-Potential Activities of Co(II) and Ni(II) Complexes with O and N Donor Mixed Ligands

The synthesis and characterization of Co(II) and Ni(II) mixed ligand complexes are derived from isoniazid, 9-fluorenoneandoxalate. The metal complexes were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, UV-visible, CV, PXRD, and molar conductance analytical data, viz., all the metal complexes were suggested in an octahedral geometry, respectively. The mixed ligand complexes are formed in the 1:1:2:1 (M:L1:L2:L3) ratios, as found from the elemental analyses, and originate to have the formula [M(L1)(L2)2(L3)]. Where M = Co(II), Ni(II), L1 = isoniazid, L2 = 9-fluorenone, and L3 = oxalate. The molar conductance data reveals that the complexes are non-electrolytes. The cyclic voltammogram of the Co(II) complex revealed that the quasi-reversible single electron transfer process and Ni(II) complex corresponding to a one-electron transfer process were observed during controlled potential electrolysis. IR spectra show that the ligands are coordinated to the metal ions through N and O donor sites of isoniazid-N, 9-fluorenone-O and oxalate-O. Magnetic moment values and UV-visible spectra were used to infer the coordinating of the geometrics of these complexes found to be octahedral. The PXRD patterns suggest that all the complexes are crystalline phases. The metal chelates have been screened for antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and our findings have been reported, explained and compared with some known antibiotics