The Navier-Stokes Voight Model and Convergence to equilibrium and statistical equilibrium

This thesis tests accelerating convergence to steady state and statistical equilibrium forthe Navier-Stokes Voight (NSV) Model motivated by the Spin-Up phase of Ocean ClimateModels. First, by adding a new parameter to Navier-Stokes equations, the NSV model isdetermined. Test conditions are identi�ed for spin up, attaining equilibrium, and statisticalequilibrium. Convergence is then analyzed and the Finite Element Method with BackwardEuler discretization is programmed using Free FEM++ to simulate the NSV model. Twoproblems with a known exact solution are used for a square domain. One problem withunknown solution and one problem with known exact solution in circle domain are alsotested for convergence of the method. We �nd that the adding parameter may not accelerateconvergence to equilibrium or statistical equilibrium

Access as Pedagogy: A Case for Embracing Feminist Pedagogy in Open and Distance Learning

While the mainstream discourse around Open and Distance Learning (ODL) centers on standardization, scalability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, I return to a much more contextual and humane understanding of teaching and learning in ODL through feminist pedagogy. I begin my inquiry by discussing women students’ experiences through the notion of access as pedagogy, which challenages disembodied views of online learners and learning, and a view of access to resources as an opportunity for equity. My primary focus in this discussion is gender issues; however, I view feminist pedagogy as an ethical position as well as a pedagogical position that calls attentive ways of looking into structuring educational services, methods, policies, and legislations that create an inclusive learning space not just for women, but for all students who are disadvantaged in their education. Within this context, student participation can be framed as a means for transformation, contributing to one’s well-being, agency and sense of power. I highlight the need for an intersectional gender analysis in ODL, as well as openness and transparency in pedagogical processes in order to tackle human and non-human bias, misrecognition, misrepresentation and unequal participation. Education with an explicit goal for transformation leads to the use of technology for reflective, imaginative, and critical ends

AN ANALYSIS OF DANIEL MARTIN BY JOHN FOWLES: A POSTMODERN NOVEL WITH THE ASPECTS OF THE VICTORIAN BILDUNGSROMAN

John Fowles, one of the most significant post-war English novelists, produced remarkable postmodern novels in which he combined fiction with history. Dealing with the concepts of internal exile, individual isolation and loneliness, he dwelt on duality, fragmentation, discontinuity, the combination of the past and the present and the search of the individual for whole sight. His novel, Daniel Martin, portrays these features, however it not only includes these aspects of postmodern novels, but it also acquires the significant characteristics of the Victorian Bildungsroman, one of the remarkable types of realistic novels. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify the combination of realism and postmodernism in Daniel Martin in the light of the struggles of the protagonist, who tries to eliminate his fragmented identity and to achieve a sense of wholeness, so in this paper the characteristics of postmodern novels will be analyzed together with the traits of the Bildungsroman by concentrating on the relationship between history and fiction.&nbsp

Energy-Optimum Throughput and Carrier Sensing Rate in CSMA-Based Wireless Networks

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We propose a model for the energy consumption of a node as a function of its throughput in a wireless CSMA network. We first model a single-hop network, and then a multi-hop network. We show that operating the CSMA network at a high throughput is energy inefficient since unsuccessful carrier sensing attempts increase the energy consumption per transmitted bit. Operating the network at a low throughput also causes energy inefficiency because of increased sleeping duration. Achieving a balance between these two opposite operating regimes, we derive the energy-optimum carrier-sensing rate and the energy-optimum throughput which maximize the number of transmitted bits for a given energy budget. For the single-hop case, we show that the energy-optimum total throughput increases as the number of nodes sharing the channel increases. For the multi-hop case, we show that energy-optimum throughput decreases as the degree of the conflict graph corresponding to the network increases. For both cases, the energy-optimum throughput reduces as the power required for carrier-sensing increases. The energy-optimum throughput is also shown to be substantially lower than the maximum throughput and the gap increases as the degree of the conflict graph increases for multi-hop networks. © 2002-2012 IEEE

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Throughput for Single-Hop CSMA Networks

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Throughput model for non-persistent CSMA networks which was proposed by Kleinrock and Tobagi has been widely used, although it provides a loose lower bound when nodes are distributed in a large area because the analysis assumes that the propagation delay between each pair of users equals to the largest propagation delay in the network. We present a throughput analysis which considers the spatial distribution of nodes. We obtain a simple throughput expression which predicts throughput with an 8% maximum error whereas the earlier model results in a 44% error when the maximum propagation delay equals to the packet transmission time

Throughput modeling of single hop CSMA networks with non-negligible propagation delay

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We analyze the performance of the CSMA protocol under propagation delays that are comparable with packet transmission times. We propose a semi-Markov model for the 2-node CSMA channel. For the 2-node case, the capacity reduces to 40% of the zero-delay capacity when the one-way propagation delay is 10% of the packet transmission time. We then extend this model and obtain the optimum symmetric probing rate that achieves the maximum network throughput as a function of the average propagation delay, d¯, and the number of nodes sharing the channel, N. The proposed model predicts that the total capacity decreases with d¯−1 as N goes to infinity when all nodes probe the channel at the optimum rate. The optimum probing rate for each node decreases with 1/N and the total optimum probing rate decreases faster than d¯−1 as N goes to infinity. We investigate how the short-term unfairness problem in CSMA worsens as the propagation delay increases and propose a back-off mechanism to mitigate this issue. The theoretical results presented in this paper can be used as a benchmark for the performance improvements provided by algorithms that have already been developed

STUDENT TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA IN A MULTILINGUAL COMMUNITY

This study investigated the perceptions of English Language Teaching (ELT) department students (student teachers) at a university in North Cyprus on the use of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) in a multilingual community. ELF-based teaching pedagogy and accommodation skills in ELF community have been well-recognized and well-documented in the literature; however, research on students’ awareness and perceptions of ELF use in the multilingual setting is limited. The data were obtained from students’ (n=32) self-reports on the questionnaire and their (n=7) responses to the semi-structured interview questions. The study revealed that ELT students from different linguistic backgrounds were highly aware of the communicative value of ELF and they showed favor towards ‘nation-bound’ English rather than a ‘standard’ one. The findings support the view that ELF as a variety of English might be legitimized in order for NNSs to preserve their national identities. The implications of this study are also discussed.   Keywords: English as a Lingua Franca, student teachers’ perceptions, ELT, learners’ awareness, language learning