A Landmark Based Shortest Path Detection by Using A* and Haversine Formula

In 1900, less than 20 percent of the world populace lived in cities, in 2007, fair more than 50 percent of the world populace lived in cities. In 2050, it has been anticipated that more than 70 percent of the worldwide population (about 6.4 billion individuals) will be city tenants. There's more weight being set on cities through this increment in population [1]. With approach of keen cities, data and communication technology is progressively transforming the way city regions and city inhabitants organize and work in reaction to urban development. In this paper, we create a nonspecific plot for navigating a route throughout city A asked route is given by utilizing combination of A* Algorithm and Haversine equation. Haversine Equation gives least distance between any two focuses on spherical body by utilizing latitude and longitude. This least distance is at that point given to A* calculation to calculate minimum distance. The method for identifying the shortest path is specify in this paper

A comparative study of Zn and Fe distribution in two contrasting wheat genotypes

Effect of zinc and iron interaction on their distribution was examined in two wheat genotypes (UP262 and UP2628) under foliar application of 0, 0.25 and 0.50% ZnSO4 solution tagged with 925 KBq of Zn65 pot-1 for Zn and 0, 0.5 and 1.0% FeSO4 solution tagged with 925 KBq of Fe59 pot-1 for Fe at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting. Maximum grain yield of UP2628 (2.7 g pot-1 ) was recorded at 0.5%ZnSO4+0%FeSO4 while that of UP262 (2.63 g pot-1 ) was recorded at 0.5%ZnSO4+1.0%FeSO4. The highest straw yield of UP2628 (2.75 g pot-1 ) was noted at 0.5% ZnSO4+1.0%FeSO4 while that of UP262 (2.91 g pot-1 ) with 0.5%ZnSO4+0.5%FeSO4. Application of 0.5% and 1.0% FeSO4 reduced the accumulation of 65Zn in all parts of both the varieties. Regarding the 59Fe accumulation, it was found to be decreased with the increased application of ZnSO4 solution from 0.25% and 0.5% as compared to without application of Zn. On comparing translocation efficiencies of both the varieties, UP2628 showed better translocation thus accumulated higher zinc and iron. Therefore, variety UP2628 can be used further for crop improvement programme

Ascorbic acid Beta-Carotene and Amino acids in Capsicum (Capsicum annuum) during fruit development in Himalayan Hills

Capsicum varieties viz HC-201 & HC-202 developed at ARU, Almora took 35 days from fruit set to ripening. Results showed significant positive correlation for ascorbic acid and Beta-carotene with days to maturity. Out of eight ninhydrin positive products, only seven could be identified viz, hydroxyproline, proline, lysine, 5-alanine, arginine, threonine and methionine, at the later stages of the fruit development. All amino acids except methionine were found either absent or in traces at the earlier stages of fruit development

Physiological evaluation of nitrogen use efficiency and yield attributes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under different nitrogen levels

Nitrogen use efficiency, more specifically physiological nitrogen use efficiency depends primarily on management of N, one of the major essential nutrients. It is required in increased agricultural production and may possibly cause soil toxicity if fed in excess. Rate of N fertilizer application in fertile agricultural field and improved productivity in sterile soils require the improvement of NUE. A field experiment was therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of different N levels (N0, N50, N100 and N200) on rice genotypes. Vegetative plant growth was found to be reduced under N0 while improved at N200 level. Among the genotypes, highest PNUE (34.94) and correspondingly higher yield (7.15 ton ha−1) was observed for Krishna Hamsa. The other traits viz. plant height, no. of productive tillers and LAI exhibited higher values for Krishna Hamsa as well. Hence these can be utilized as physiological markers for the selection of rice genotypes efficient in N use

Optical Characterization of a Single Quantum Emitter Based on Vanadium Phthalocyanine Molecules

Single quantum emitters play a fundamental role in the development of quantum technologies such as quantum repeaters, and quantum information processing. Isolating individual molecules with stable optical emission is an essential step for these applications, specially for those molecules that present large coherence times at room temperature. Among them, vanadium-oxide phthalocyanine (VOPc) molecules stand out as promising candidates due to their large coherence times measured in ensemble. However, the optical properties of individual molecules have not yet been reported. Here we show that single VOPc molecules with stable optical properties at room temperature can be isolated. We find that the optical response of the molecule under laser illumination of different polarization agrees well with a system having pyramidal C$_{4v}$ symmetry. Furthermore, the molecule reveals a non-radiative transition rate that depends on the excitation wavelength when its lifetime is interrogated. We provide theoretical calculations that support our experimental findings and provide insight to the role of phonons and internal electronic structure of the molecule. These results demonstrate that this single paramagnetic molecule can function as a single quantum emitter while displaying optical stability under ambient conditions to have their intrinsic properties investigated

Integration of electrostatic and fluid dynamics within a dust devil

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94610/1/jgre2050.pd

Applications of electrified dust and dust devil electrodynamics to Martian atmospheric electricity

Atmospheric transport and suspension of dust frequently brings electrification, which may be substantial. Electric fields of 10 kVm-1 to 100 kVm-1 have been observed at the surface beneath suspended dust in the terrestrial atmosphere, and some electrification has been observed to persist in dust at levels to 5 km, as well as in volcanic plumes. The interaction between individual particles which causes the electrification is incompletely understood, and multiple processes are thought to be acting. A variation in particle charge with particle size, and the effect of gravitational separation explains to, some extent, the charge structures observed in terrestrial dust storms. More extensive flow-based modelling demonstrates that bulk electric fields in excess of 10 kV m-1 can be obtained rapidly (in less than 10 s) from rotating dust systems (dust devils) and that terrestrial breakdown fields can be obtained. Modelled profiles of electrical conductivity in the Martian atmosphere suggest the possibility of dust electrification, and dust devils have been suggested as a mechanism of charge separation able to maintain current flow between one region of the atmosphere and another, through a global circuit. Fundamental new understanding of Martian atmospheric electricity will result from the ExoMars mission, which carries the DREAMS (Dust characterization, Risk Assessment, and Environment Analyser on the Martian Surface)-MicroARES (Atmospheric Radiation and Electricity Sensor) instrumentation to Mars in 2016 for the first in situ measurements

Effect of ice crystal size and graupel velocity on thundercloud electrification

313-319A one-dimensional time dependent model for cloud electrification, which includes collision between ice crystal and graupel in the presence of cloud liquid water, has been developed in order to test the importance of various charge transfer parameters. The laboratory measurements .showed that the charge transfer depends on ice crystal size and impact velocity. The generated electric fields have been calculated for various values of size dependency (a), velocity dependency (b), precipitation intensity (p0), concentration of ice crystals (n) and event probability (p).lt is found that the estimated electric field (4 x 105 Vm-1), within a time interval of about 1500 s, can be achieved for p0≥ 30 mmh-1. The maximum electric field (Emax) is not sensitive to the values of a and b, but its rate of growth is faster if a and b are larger. The obtained results have been discussed in the light of various experimental observations and it has been found that charging rates may be affected by the specified size and velocity dependencies

Colorimetric Estimation of Ni(II) Ions in Aqueous Solution

A rapid and accurate colorimetric method has been proposed for the estimation of nickel(II) in aqueous solution. It is found that nickel(II) ions have maximum absorbance at 393 nm in distilled water and in aqueous sucrose solution (0.3 mol dm-3). In both case, the Beer’s law was obeyed over the range from 0.04 to 0.08 mol dm -3 of nickel(II).The value of molar absorpitivity was constant 5.13±0.03 mol dm-3. This method is more rapid than the existing spectrophotometeric methods for the estimation of nickel(II). The variation in the results obtained by the method is ±2.1%