Control of T-2 toxin in Fusarium langsethiae and geotrichum candidum co-culture

Due to contamination of barley grains by Fusarium langsethiae, T-2 toxin can be present in the brewing process. It has been observed that the presence of the yeast Geotrichum candidum during malting can reduce the final concentration of this mycotoxin in beer. In this work, a co-culture method was carried out for both microorganisms in order to evaluate the effect on T-2 mycotoxin concentration in comparison with the pure culture of F. langsethiae in the same conditions. The microbial growth of both microorganisms was assessed using three different methods: dry weight, DOPE-FISH, and DNA quantification. In co-culture, both microorganisms globally developed less than in pure cultures but G. candidum showed a better growth than F. langsethiae. The concentration of T-2 was reduced by 93 % compared to the pure culture. Hence, the interaction between G. candidum and F. langsethiae led to a drastic mycotoxin reduction despite the only partial inhibition of fungal growth

Fertility-preserving surgical procedures, techniques

peer reviewedAs a result of the trend toward late childbearing, fertility preser- vation has become a major issue in young women with gynaeco- logical cancer. Fertility-sparing treatments have been successfully attempted in selected cases of cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer, and gynaecologists should be familiar with fertility- preserving options in women with gynaecological malignancies. Options to preserve fertility include shielding to reduce radiation damage, fertility preservation when undergoing cytotoxic treat- ments, cryopreservation, assisted reproduction techniques, and fertility-sparing surgical procedures. Radical vaginal trachelectomy with laparoscopic lymphadenectomy is an oncologically safe, fertility-preserving procedure. It has been accepted worldwide as a surgical treatment of small early stage cervical cancers. Selected cases of early stage ovarian cancer can be treated by unilateral salpingo-ophorectomy and surgical staging. Hysteroscopic resec- tion and progesterone treatment are used in young women who have endometrial cancer to maintain fertility and avoid surgical menopause. Appropriate patient selection, and careful oncologic, psychologic, reproductive and obstetric counselling, is mandatory

A lacustrine record of the early stage of the Miocene Climatic Optimum in Central Europe from the Most Basin, Ohře (Eger) Graben, Czech Republic.

21 pagesInternational audienceThis study reports on a ~ 150 m thick macrofossil-barren sequence of siliciclastic sediments from a Burdigalian age (Early Miocene) freshwater lake. The lake was located within an incipient rift system of the Most Basin in the Ohře (Eger) Graben, which was part of the European Cenozoic Rift System, and had an original area of ≈ 1000 km2. Sediments from the HK591 core that cover the entire thickness of the lake deposits and some of the adjacent stratigraphic units were analysed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (a proxy for element composition) and magnetic polarity measurement. The element proxies were subjected to frequency analysis, which provided estimated sedimentation rates, and allowed for sediment dating by magnetostratigraphy and orbital tuning of the age model. Based on the resulting age model and the known biostratigraphy, the lake was present between 17.4 and 16.6 Ma, which includes the onset of the Miocene Climatic Optimum in the latest Early Miocene. The identification of orbital forcing (precession, obliquity and short eccentricity cycles) confirms the stability of the sedimentary environment of the perennial lake in an underfilled basin. The dating allowed the sediment record to be interpreted in the context of the current knowledge of the European climate during that period. The stability of the sedimentary environment confirms that precipitation was relatively stable over the period recorded by the sediments

Benchmarking Joint Lexical and Syntactic Analysis on Multiword-Rich Data

International audienceThis article evaluates the extension of a dependency parser that performs joint syntactic analysis and multiword expression identification. We show that, given sufficient training data, the parser benefits from explicit multiword information and improves overall labeled accuracy score in eight of the ten evaluation cases

Benchmarking Joint Lexical and Syntactic Analysis on Multiword-Rich Data

International audienceThis article evaluates the extension of a dependency parser that performs joint syntactic analysis and multiword expression identification. We show that, given sufficient training data, the parser benefits from explicit multiword information and improves overall labeled accuracy score in eight of the ten evaluation cases

Interaction entre Fusarium langsethiae et Geotrichum candidum pour la réduction de la concentration de la toxine T-2 dans le procédé de brasserie

En France, la récente apparition et implantation de l espèce Fusarium langsethiae sur les orges de brasserie est devenue une source d inquiétude. Ce champignon étant connu comme producteur de toxines T-2 et HT-2 cela pose le problème de la présence éventuelle de ces mycotoxines dans la bière. Des études ont proposé la levure Geotrichum candidum comme possible outil de contrôle du niveau de contamination par ces molécules. Par contre, le mécanisme d action est encore inconnu. L objectif de ce travail était de comprendre l interaction entre F. langsethiae et G. candidum pour évaluer l effet sur le développement de F. langsethiae et sur sa production de la toxine T-2. Nous avons évalué l interaction entre ces micro-organismes en utilisant des cultures séquentielles et des co-cultures. Dans ce dernier cas la différentiation des deux micro-organismes a été faite par DOPE-FISH et par quantification de l ADN. Les résultats ont montré que la croissance de F. langsethiae n est pas inhibée dans un milieu pré-fermenté par G. candidum. Par contre, la présence d un agent actif thermorésistant produit lors du développement de G. candidum affecte la concentration de la toxine T-2. Uneréduction supérieure à 90% est observée en comparaison au témoin. Dans les co-cultures on obtient le même pourcentage de réduction de la concentration de la toxine par rapport au témoin. Dans ce cas les deux micro-organismes se développent mais en moindre quantité que dans leur culture pure, F. langsethiae semblant plus inhibé que G. candidum.F. langsethiae has been recently installed and detected in French barley used for malting. This species is known as a T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxin producer and for this reason, the possible presence of these mycotoxins in beer is a concern. G. candidum has been suggested to have a control activity in this issue, however the mechanisms is not yet described. The aim of this work was to understand the interaction between F. langsethiae and G. candidum to identify any effect in F. langsethiae growth and the T-2 toxin production. In this work, the interaction was evaluated using sequential cultures and co-cultures. Differentiation of these microorganisms in co-culture was achieved using DOPE-FISH and DNA quantification. Results showed that in the medium prefermented by G. candidum F. langsethiae growth was not inhibited but a thermoresistant active agent affected the T-2 toxin concentration during F. langsethiae development. A reduction over 90% of the T-2 toxin was observed in comparison to the concentration detected in the control. For mixed cultures the same toxin concentration reduction was observed while both microorganisms grew but at a lesser extent compared to pure cultures. In this case the growth of F. langsethiae was more affected than the one of G. candidum.TOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF

Sedimentary characterization of the carbonate source rock of Upper Kimmeridgian Parnac Formation of the Aquitaine Basin (Quercy area)

The authors would like to thank Bertrand Fasentieux for the production of thin sections. We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Alexander Brasier for his contribution to this manuscript. Olivier Ridet and Maryline Castello are acknowledged for their participation to field campaigns. We also thank Frank Haeseler, Claire Fialips and Pierre Hantzpergue for fruitful discussions. This manuscript greatly benefited from the remarks of two anonymous reviewers.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Gender and youth responsiveness considerations for targeting, testing and scaling suitable CSA practices and technologies: Learnings from the Climate-Smart Villages

This working paper summarizes the findings of a portfolio review conducted to explore the gender and youth responsiveness of climate-smart agriculture technologies tested across climate-smart villages. The innovative and integrative aspect of the Climate-Smart Village (CSV) approach can provide useful insights into how to decrease the gender gap in the context of climate change. The diverse settings of CSVs (across East and West Africa, South and Southeast Asia and Latin America) and long program timeline, present a unique opportunity to gather learnings for the broader agriculture research for development community and practitioners. Toward these points, this paper aims to assess how gender and youth responsiveness was integrated into the process of identifying, testing, promoting, and scaling suitable CSA practices and technologies in the context of the implementation of the CSV approach. The review found that collective action and local partner engagement has proved to be very successful in the CSVs in regards to gender outcomes. To improve the gender and youth responsiveness of CSVs, it is essential taking those considerations into account from the very beginning of the project design, as well as having a GSI expert involved

Synchronizing the timing of anoxia, volcanism and the pacing of the Earth’s orbit in the Early Cretaceous

Recurrent acceleration of the hydrolysing cycle, so-called Episodes of Environmental Changes, occur in the Early Cretaceous. As the geologic time scale show large uncertainties, the pacing and the chronological relationship of these events remain obscure. We present here new radio-astrochronologic data from the Neuquén Basin (Argentina) anchored to the Tethyan realm. The new time sale of the Valanginian-Hauterivian provides ages of ammonite zones with an uncertainty of ± 0.2 myr and provides much precise age of the start of the Weissert Event. The age of the start of the Weissert Event is at 134.5 ± 0.2 myr, which is exactly synchronous with the main phase of the Paraná-Etendeka large igneous province activity. Most recent duration and age estimates from the Berriasian to the Barremian are reviewed and differ from the Geologic Time Scale 2016 by several million of years. Thanks to this new time scale, belemnite δ13C are reviewed and show a strong pacing with a period of 2.4 myr, which correspond to the long-eccentricity cycle. Higher amplitudes of the 2.4-myr cycle are observed at time of large igneous province emplacement, which may be due to accelerated hydrolysis cycle following CO2 input to the atmosphere from the volcanic activity.Fil: Martinez, Mathieu. Universite de Rennes I; FranciaFil: Aguirre Urreta, María Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Lescano, Marina Aurora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Omarini, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología; ArgentinaFil: Tunik, Maisa Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología; ArgentinaFil: Frederichs, Thomas. Universitat Bremen; AlemaniaFil: Nickl, Anna-Leah. Universitat Bremen; AlemaniaFil: Pälike, Heiko. Universitat Bremen; AlemaniaEGU General Assembly 2019VienaAustriaEuropean Geosciences Unio