Sparse Hamming Graph: A Customizable Network-on-Chip Topology

Chips with hundreds to thousands of cores require scalable networks-on-chip (NoCs). Customization of the NoC topology is necessary to reach the diverse design goals of different chips. We introduce sparse Hamming graph, a novel NoC topology with an adjustable costperformance trade-off that is based on four NoC topology design principles we identified. To efficiently customize this topology, we develop a toolchain that leverages approximate floorplanning and link routing to deliver fast and accurate cost and performance predictions. We demonstrate how to use our methodology to achieve desired cost-performance trade-offs while outperforming established topologies in cost, performance, or both

HexaMesh: Scaling to Hundreds of Chiplets with an Optimized Chiplet Arrangement

2.5D integration is an important technique to tackle the growing cost of manufacturing chips in advanced technology nodes. This poses the challenge of providing high-performance inter-chiplet interconnects (ICIs). As the number of chiplets grows to tens or hundreds, it becomes infeasible to hand-optimize their arrangement in a way that maximizes the ICI performance. In this paper, we propose HexaMesh, an arrangement of chiplets that outperforms a grid arrangement both in theory (network diameter reduced by 42%; bisection bandwidth improved by 130%) and in practice (latency reduced by 19%; throughput improved by 34%). MexaMesh enables large-scale chiplet designs with high-performance ICIs

Penalties From 2D Grating Coupler Induced Polarization Crosstalk in Silicon Photonic Coherent Transceivers

Silicon photonic two-dimensional grating couplers for C- and O-band dual-polarization coherent transceivers are analyzed with respect to their polarization splitting/combining performance. Due to scattered light in the grating's plane, a linear cross-polarization results. The latter is responsible for a limited polarization split ratio and a polarizations' non-orthogonality. The impact of these two quantities is evaluated by system-level simulations with regard to OSNR penalties in coherent systems. For both C- and O-band, a design modification for reduced penalties is proposed

Analysis Of The Forest Structure And The Biomass Of Harvesting Areas Of Jucara Fruits (euterpe Edulis Mart.) In The Northern Coast And In Serra Do Mar, Sp State â Brazil

The patterns of distribution and storage of carbon in managed areas of Atlantic Forest are still poorly understood. In order to understand the role of these areas in carbon sequestration, it was aimed to characterize the forest structure and estimate the aboveground biomass in harvest areas of jucara fruit (Euterpe edulis Mart.). The study was carried out in altered areas where the management of jucara fruits was introduced at 'Serra do Mar' State Park-SP state, Brazil and its surroundings, including the phytophysiognomies Montane and Submontane Atlantic Forest. To represent all the different situations in which management is practiced, eight areas were selected and each one was allocated in a plot of 10 x 100 m divided into subplots of 10 x 10 m, in which all individuals trees were inventoried (trees, jucaras, banana trees and ferns) with DBH (diameter at breast height)> 4.8 cm. The study areas were characterized as Secondary Forests and as Systems of Banana and Jucara Consortium. The biomass found in the studied plots ranged from 47.9 to 279.9 Mg ha(-1). Secondary Forests had higher biomass than Systems of Banana and Jucara Consortium, the trees being responsible for most of this biomass. The management of the fruits of the palm jucara for pulping food represents a sustainable alternative to the illegal extraction of palm heart in the region, diversifying the existing banana cultivations, adding value to forests and increasing carbon storage in areas of Atlantic forest with agroforestry.26377378

Analysis Of The Forest Structure And The Biomass Of Harvesting Areas Of Juçara Fruits (euterpe Edulis Mart.) In The Northern Coast And In Serra Do Mar, Sp State - Brazil

Os padrões de distribuição e estoque do carbono em áreas manejadas de Mata Atlântica ainda são pouco conhecidos. Visando compreender o papel destas áreas na fixação de carbono, procurou-se caracterizar a estrutura florestal e estimar a biomassa acima do solo em áreas de colheita de frutos de juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.). O trabalho foi realizado em áreas alteradas nas quais foi introduzido o manejo de frutos de juçara, no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - SP e no seu entorno, abrangendo as fitofisionomias Floresta Submontana e Floresta Montana. Para representar todas as diferentes situações em que é praticado o manejo, foram selecionadas oito áreas e em cada uma foi alocada uma parcela de 10 x 100 m dividida em subparcelas de 10 x 10 m, nas quais foram inventariados todos os indivíduos arbóreos (árvores, juçaras, bananeiras e pteridófitas) com DAP (diâmetro a altura do peito) > 4,8 cm. As áreas estudadas foram caracterizadas como Florestas Secundárias e como sistemas de Consórcio de Banana e Juçara. A biomassa encontrada nas parcelas estudadas variou de 47,9 a 279,9 Mg ha-1. As Florestas Secundárias apresentaram maior biomassa que os sistemas de cultivo em Consórcio de Banana e Juçara, sendo as árvores responsáveis pela maior parte dessa biomassa. O manejo dos frutos da palmeira juçara para a produção de polpa alimentar representa uma alternativa sustentável à extração ilegal do palmito na região, diversificando os cultivos de banana existentes, agregando valor às florestas e aumentando o estoque de carbono em áreas de Mata Atlântica com sistemas agroflorestais.26377378

ANALYSIS OF THE FOREST STRUCTURE AND THE BIOMASS OF HARVESTING AREAS OF JU\uc7ARA FRUITS ( Euterpe edulis Mart.) IN THE NORTHERN COAST AND IN SERRA DO MAR, SP

Os padr\uf5es de distribui\ue7\ue3o e estoque do carbono em \ue1reas manejadas de Mata Atl\ue2ntica ainda s\ue3o pouco conhecidos. Visando compreender o papel destas \ue1reas na fixa\ue7\ue3o de carbono, procurou-se caracterizar a estrutura florestal e estimar a biomassa acima do solo em \ue1reas de colheita de frutos de ju\ue7ara ( Euterpe edulis Mart.). O trabalho foi realizado em \ue1reas alteradas nas quais foi introduzido o manejo de frutos de ju\ue7ara, no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - SP e no seu entorno, abrangendo as fitofisionomias Floresta Submontana e Floresta Montana. Para representar todas as diferentes situa\ue7\uf5es em que \ue9 praticado o manejo, foram selecionadas oito \ue1reas e em cada uma foi alocada uma parcela de 10 x 100 m dividida em subparcelas de 10 x 10 m, nas quais foram inventariados todos os indiv\uedduos arb\uf3reos (\ue1rvores, ju\ue7aras, bananeiras e pterid\uf3fitas) com DAP (di\ue2metro a altura do peito) > 4,8 cm. As \ue1reas estudadas foram caracterizadas como Florestas Secund\ue1rias e como sistemas de Cons\uf3rcio de Banana e Ju\ue7ara. A biomassa encontrada nas parcelas estudadas variou de 47,9 a 279,9 Mg ha-1. As Florestas Secund\ue1rias apresentaram maior biomassa que os sistemas de cultivo em Cons\uf3rcio de Banana e Ju\ue7ara, sendo as \ue1rvores respons\ue1veis pela maior parte dessa biomassa. O manejo dos frutos da palmeira ju\ue7ara para a produ\ue7\ue3o de polpa alimentar representa uma alternativa sustent\ue1vel \ue0 extra\ue7\ue3o ilegal do palmito na regi\ue3o, diversificando os cultivos de banana existentes, agregando valor \ue0s florestas e aumentando o estoque de carbono em \ue1reas de Mata Atl\ue2ntica com sistemas agroflorestais.The patterns of distribution and storage of carbon in managed areas of Atlantic Forest are still poorly understood. In order to understand the role of these areas in carbon sequestration, it was aimed to characterize the forest structure and estimate the aboveground biomass in harvest areas of ju\ue7ara fruit ( Euterpe edulis Mart.). The study was carried out in altered areas where the management of ju\ue7ara fruits was introduced at \u2018Serra do Mar\u2019 State Park \u2013 SP state, Brazil and its surroundings, including the phytophysiognomies Montane and Submontane Atlantic Forest. To represent all the different situations in which management is practiced, eight areas were selected and each one was allocated in a plot of 10 x 100 m divided into subplots of 10 x 10 m, in which all individuals trees were inventoried (trees, ju\ue7aras, banana trees and ferns) with DBH (diameter at breast height)> 4.8 cm. The study areas were characterized as Secondary Forests and as Systems of Banana and Ju\ue7ara Consortium. The biomass found in the studied plots ranged from 47.9 to 279.9 Mg ha-1. Secondary Forests had higher biomass than Systems of Banana and Ju\ue7ara Consortium, the trees being responsible for most of this biomass. The management of the fruits of the palm ju\ue7ara for pulping food represents a sustainable alternative to the illegal extraction of palm heart in the region, diversifying the existing banana cultivations, adding value to forests and increasing carbon storage in areas of Atlantic forest with agroforestry

ANÁLISE DA ESTRUTURA E BIOMASSA FLORESTAL DE ÁREAS DE COLHEITA DE FRUTOS DE JUÇARA (Euterpe edulis Mart.) NO LITORAL NORTE E SERRA DO MAR - SP

The patterns of distribution and storage of carbon in managed areas of Atlantic Forest are still poorly understood. In order to understand the role of these areas in carbon sequestration, it was aimed to characterize the forest structure and estimate the aboveground biomass in harvest areas of juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis Mart.). The study was carriedout in altered areas where the management of juçara fruits was introduced at ‘Serra do Mar’ State Park – SP state, Brazil and its surroundings, including the phytophysiognomies Montane and Submontane Atlantic Forest. To represent all the different situations in which management is practiced, eight areas were selected and each one was allocated in a plot of 10 x 100 m divided into subplots of 10 x 10 m, in which all individuals trees were inventoried (trees, juçaras, banana trees and ferns) with DBH (diameter at breast height)> 4.8 cm. The study areas were characterized as Secondary Forests and as Systems of Banana and Juçara Consortium. The biomass found in the studied plots ranged from 47.9 to 279.9 Mg ha-1. Secondary Forests had higher biomass than Systems of Banana and Juçara Consortium, the trees being responsible for most of this biomass. The management of the fruits of the palm juçara for pulping food represents a sustainable alternative to the illegal extraction of palm heart in the region, diversifying the existing banana cultivations, adding value to forests and increasing carbon storage in areas of Atlantic forest with agroforestry.Os padrões de distribuição e estoque do carbono em áreas manejadas de Mata Atlântica ainda são pouco conhecidos. Visando compreender o papel destas áreas na fixação de carbono, procurou-se caracterizar a estrutura florestal e estimar a biomassa acima do solo em áreas de colheita de frutos de juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.). O trabalho foi realizado em áreas alteradas nas quais foi introduzido o manejo de frutos de juçara, no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - SP e no seu entorno, abrangendo as fitofisionomias Floresta Submontana e Floresta Montana. Para representar todas as diferentes situações em que é praticado o manejo, foram selecionadas oito áreas e em cada uma foi alocada uma parcela de 10 x 100 m dividida em subparcelas de 10 x 10 m, nas quais foram inventariados todos os indivíduos arbóreos (árvores, juçaras, bananeiras e pteridófitas) com DAP (diâmetro a altura do peito) > 4,8 cm. As áreas estudadas foram caracterizadas como Florestas Secundárias e como sistemas de Consórcio de Banana e Juçara. A biomassa encontrada nas parcelas estudadas variou de 47,9 a 279,9 Mg ha-1. As Florestas Secundárias apresentaram maior biomassa que os sistemas de cultivo em Consórcio de Banana e Juçara, sendo as árvores responsáveis pela maior parte dessa biomassa. O manejo dos frutos da palmeira juçara para a produção de polpa alimentar representa uma alternativa sustentável à extração ilegal do palmito na região, diversificando os cultivos de banana existentes, agregando valor às florestas e aumentando o estoque de carbono em áreas de Mata Atlântica com sistemas agroflorestais

Unilateral Renal Agenesis in Chilean-Flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis)

Background: Phoenicopterus chilensis is a South American wild bird classified a species near threatened in the National List of Endangered Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. With the increase of the contact between human population and wild animals, this species’ habitat is becoming increasingly vulnerable, with a declining population. Due to the importance of its conservation, the knowledge of abnormalities that affect this species becomes essential. This report aims to describe the first diagnosed case of unilateral renal agenesis in chilean-flamingo.Case: A captive male chilean-flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) was found dead in its enclosure and then was referred at necropsy. The cause of death was the presence of tracheal fungal granuloma, caused by Aspergillus sp. Macroscopically, during the examination of the cellomatic cavity, the absence of the right kidney was noted, also evidencing the absence of the caudal renal vein. Emerging from the caudal division of the kidney was noted a blind-end renal vessel (Figure 1). For the histopathological examination, the remaining kidney was fixed in 10% formalin, processed by paraffin embedding technique and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). When analyzing the left kidney parenchyma, preserved histological architecture was noted, without any changes in the tissue structures of the organ. Thus, no hypertrophy by compensatory mechanisms of the remaining kidney was observed (Figure 2).Discussion: Unilateral renal agenesis is a very rare congenital defect in dogs, cats and also in birds. It occurs in the complete absence of one of the kidneys, a situation with which the animal can live satisfactorily if there is a normal kidney to assume the functions. In association, ipsilateral ureteral agenesis and compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney may occur. At the time of necropsy, due to the remaining kidney has normal size and within topographic limits, dorsally in contact with the pelvis and sinsacrum, the absence of compensatory hypertrophy was suspected, which was confirmed by histopathological examination. Clinical signs of unilateral renal agenesis, when present, are related to renal failure. The signs develop when the remaining kidney fails to fully absorb the other's functions and fails to maintain the organism's homeostasis. In the case of this report, the specimen showed no clinical signs related to renal agenesis, probably because was no functional compensation for the single kidney. This condition was only noticed after flamingo necropsy, who death because tracheal fungal granuloma, caused by Aspergillus sp. Other reported ways of diagnosing this malformation in animals while alive were imaging and abdominal cavity surgery. The etiopathogenesis of unilateral renal agenesis in animals is uncertain, however, the hereditary cause is commonly described in rats and small animals. It cannot be concluded that the same happened with the animal of this study due to the fact of lack of data regarding the parents and history of animal. It is concluded that in unilateral renal agenesis, the compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney and any clinical symptoms may not be present. Necroscopic and complementary exams are essential to obtain the diagnosis of unilateral renal agenesis. Knowing that the chilean-flamingo is considered as a species near threatened of extinction, it is important to know the abnormalities that affect this species, because this information may be essential for conservation programs