Analisis Harmonisa Electronic Load Control (Elc) Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (Pltmh)

Electronic Load Control (ELC) is a common unit used in Micro Hydro Power Plants with synchronous generator to keep network frequency at its nominal. The ELC regulates the power of dummy load as the power flowing to load (consumers) varies. Maintaining frequency is just the same as maintaining the output active power of the plant (generator). If there is change on the load the ELC regulates the power flowing to the ballast (dummy load) by chopping the voltage electronically. Such operation will generate harmonics in the system which can cause problems such as audio noisy and mal function of protection system. This paper evaluates the harmonics content of the ELC in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and its influences to the system voltage. Experimental evaluations have been conducted at both laboratory and plant. It gives result that there is un tolerable harmonic content generated by the control unit based on IEEE 519-1992. It gives the same results on the system voltage quality. Keywords : Micro Hydro Power Plant, Electronic Load Control (ELC), ballast, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)

Upaya Peningkatan Kapasitas OPRB Desa Sambungrejo Kecamatan Grabag

Desa Sambungrejo merupakan salah satu desa dikecamatan grabag yang berada di lereng perbukitan dengan luas wilayah 393, 5 Ha dengan hamparan wilayahnya terdiri atas lereng pegunungan yang dikelola warganya untuk lahan pertanian. Desa Sambungrejo terdiri dari 5 dusun yakni Pringapus, Sambungrejo, Nipis, Karanglo dan Sidorejo. Masing-masing dusun memiliki karakter geografis dan topografi yang hampir sama dengan jumlah penduduk 2.063 jiwa. Bencana bajir dan tanah longsor di Desa Sambungrejo Kecamatan Grabag yang terjadi pada tanggal 29 April 2017 telah mengakibatkan kerusakan harta benda dan 13 orang meninggal dunia(BPBD Kabupaten Magelang, 2017). Penanggulangan bencana merupakan tanggungjawab bersama yang harus dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah, dunia usaha dan seluruh unsur serta lapisan masyarakat. Untuk menangani resiko bencana maka dibentuk Organisasi Pengurangan Resiko Bencana (OPRB). Saat ini Desa Sambungrejo sebagai mitra pemerintah desa memiliki 107 anggota yang terdiri dari 9 sektor penanggulangan bencana. Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra yaitu pengalihan fungsi lahan perkebunan, kemampuan dan kapasitas OPRB belum maksimal sebagai tim penanggulangan bencana dan kemampuan tim kesehatan sangat kurang baik dalam tanggap darurat maupun rehabilitasi. Peningkatan kapasitas Bagi OPRB Desa Sambungrejo Kecamatan Grabag untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan OPRB dalam mewujudkan Desa Tangguh Bencana (DESTANA). Metode yang digunakan yaitu Adactive Collaboration Management (ACM

Surat permohonan sebagai pemateri OPRB Grabag

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas OPRB di Desa Sambungrejo Kecamatan Grabag Kabupaten Magelang terus ditingkatkan sebagai bentuk tindak lanjut pembentukan OPRB

Tumor- and cytokine-primed human natural killer cells exhibit distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signatures

An emerging cellular immunotherapy for cancer is based on the cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells against a wide range of tumors. Although in vitro activation, or “priming,” of NK cells by exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, has been extensively studied, the biological consequences of NK cell activation in response to target cell interactions have not been thoroughly characterized. We investigated the consequences of co-incubation with K562, CTV-1, Daudi RPMI-8226, and MCF-7 tumor cell lines on the phenotype, cytokine expression profile, and transcriptome of human NK cells. We observe the downregulation of several activation receptors including CD16, CD62L, C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR)-4, natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D), DNAX accessory molecule (DNAM)-1, and NKp46 following tumor-priming. Although this NK cell phenotype is typically associated with NK cell dysfunction in cancer, we reveal the upregulation of NK cell activation markers, such as CD69 and CD25; secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP-1) α /β and IL-1β/6/8; and overexpression of numerous genes associated with enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory functions, such as FAS, TNFSF10, MAPK11, TNF, and IFNG. Thus, it appears that tumor-mediated ligation of receptors on NK cells may induce a primed state which may or may not lead to full triggering of the lytic or cytokine secreting machinery. Key signaling molecules exclusively affected by tumor-priming include MAP2K3, MARCKSL1, STAT5A, and TNFAIP3, which are specifically associated with NK cell cytotoxicity against tumor targets. Collectively, these findings help define the phenotypic and transcriptional signature of NK cells following their encounters with tumor cells, independent of cytokine stimulation, and provide insight into tumor-specific NK cell responses to inform the transition toward harnessing the therapeutic potential of NK cells in cancer

IL-21 production by CD4+ effector T cells and frequency of circulating follicular helper T cells are increased in type 1 diabetes patients.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells by T cells. Despite the established role of T cells in the pathogenesis of the disease, to date, with the exception of the identification of islet-specific T effector (Teff) cells, studies have mostly failed to identify reproducible alterations in the frequency or function of T cell subsets in peripheral blood from patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: We assessed the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-21, IFN-γ and IL-17 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 69 patients with type 1 diabetes and 61 healthy donors. In an additional cohort of 30 patients with type 1 diabetes and 32 healthy donors, we assessed the frequency of circulating T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in whole blood. IL-21 and IL-17 production was also measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a subset of 46 of the 62 donors immunophenotyped for Tfh. RESULTS: We found a 21.9% (95% CI 5.8, 40.2; p = 3.9 × 10(-3)) higher frequency of IL-21(+) CD45RA(-) memory CD4(+) Teffs in patients with type 1 diabetes (geometric mean 5.92% [95% CI 5.44, 6.44]) compared with healthy donors (geometric mean 4.88% [95% CI 4.33, 5.50]). Consistent with this finding, we found a 14.9% increase in circulating Tfh cells in the patients (95% CI 2.9, 26.9; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These results indicate that increased IL-21 production is likely to be an aetiological factor in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes that could be considered as a potential therapeutic target.This work was supported by the JDRF UK Centre for Diabetes - Genes, Autoimmunity and Prevention (D-GAP; 4-2007-1003) in collaboration with M. Peakman and T. Tree at King’s College London, the JDRF, the Wellcome Trust (WT; WT061858/091157 and 083650/Z/07/Z) and the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (CBRC). The Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) is in receipt of a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (100140). RCF is funded by a JDRF post-doctoral fellowship (3-2011-374). CW is funded by the Wellcome Trust (088998). The funding organisations had no involvement with the design and conduct of the study; collection,management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00125-015-3509-8

Cells with Treg-specific FOXP3 demethylation but low CD25 are prevalent in autoimmunity

Identification of alterations in the cellular composition of the human immune system is key to understanding the autoimmune process. Recently, a subset of FOXP3+ cells with low CD25 expression was found to be increased in peripheral blood from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, although its functional significance remains controversial. Here we find in comparisons with healthy donors that the frequency of FOXP3+ cells within CD127lowCD25low CD4+ T cells (here defined as CD25lowFOXP3+ T cells) is increased in patients affected by autoimmune disease of varying severity, from combined immunodeficiency with active autoimmunity, SLE to type 1 diabetes. We show that CD25lowFOXP3+ T cells share phenotypic features resembling conventional CD127lowCD25highFOXP3+ Tregs, including demethylation of the Treg-specific epigenetic control region in FOXP3, HELIOS expression, and lack of IL-2 production. As compared to conventional Tregs, more CD25lowFOXP3+HELIOS+ T cells are in cell cycle (33.0% vs 20.7% Ki-67+; P = 1.3 × 10−9) and express the late-stage inhibitory receptor PD-1 (67.2% vs 35.5%; P = 4.0 × 10−18), while having reduced expression of the early-stage inhibitory receptor CTLA-4, as well as other Treg markers, such as FOXP3 and CD15s. The number of CD25lowFOXP3+ T cells is correlated (P = 3.1 × 10−7) with the proportion of CD25highFOXP3+ T cells in cell cycle (Ki-67+). These findings suggest that CD25lowFOXP3+ T cells represent a subset of Tregs that are derived from CD25highFOXP3+ T cells, and are a peripheral marker of recent Treg expansion in response to an autoimmune reaction in tissues.This work was supported by the JDRF UK Centre for Diabetes - Genes, Autoimmunity and Prevention (D-GAP; 4-2007-1003) in collaboration with M. Peakman and T. Tree at Kings College London, a strategic award to the Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory from the JDRF (9-2011-253) and the Wellcome Trust (WT; WT061858/091157), and the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. RCF is funded by an advanced JDRF post-doctoral fellowship (2-APF-2017-420-A-N). CW is funded by the Wellcome Trust (088998)

Neonatal and adult recent thymic emigrants produce IL-8 and express complement receptors CR1 and CR2

The maintenance of peripheral naive T lymphocytes in humans is dependent on their homeostatic division, not continuing emigration from the thymus, which undergoes involution with age. However, postthymic maintenance of naive T cells is still poorly understood. Previously we reported that recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) are contained in CD31+CD25- naive T cells as defined by their levels of signal joint T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (sjTRECs). Here, by differential gene expression analysis followed by protein expression and functional studies, we define that the naive T cells having divided the least since thymic emigration express complement receptors (CR1 and CR2) known to bind complement C3b- and C3d-decorated microbial products and, following activation, produce IL-8 (CXCL8), a major chemoattractant for neutrophils in bacterial defense. We also observed an IL-8-producing memory T cell subpopulation coexpressing CR1 and CR2 and with a gene expression signature resembling that of RTEs. The functions of CR1 and CR2 on T cells remain to be determined, but we note that CR2 is the receptor for Epstein-Barr virus, which is a cause of T cell lymphomas and a candidate environmental factor in autoimmune disease

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Rancang Bangun Naskah Lontar sebagai Seni Pertunjukan untuk Sastra Pariwisata

Keberadaan naskah kuno dalam bentuk naskah lontar belum dijadikan sebagai bahan pengembangan pariwisata secara komprehensif. Hal tersebut tampak pada beberapa kegiatan pariwisata budaya yang masih kurang pemanfaatan naskah kuno khususnya naskah lontar. Dengan demikian, tulisan ini membahas tentang naskah lontar Lombok dari sisi rancang bangun sebagai seni pertunjukan untuk sastra pariwisata. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Lombok Tengah dengan dialek meriaq meriku, yaitu wilayah Pujut dan wilayah Bonjeruk (Jonggat) karena kedua daerah tersebut memiliki kebudayaan yang sama. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi dengan teknik wawancara yang ditujukan kepada tokoh adat dan budayawan. Data penelitian ini ialah deskrispsi naskah dan klasifikasi naskah berdasarkan tema yang profan dan sakral serta deskripsi mengenai rancang bangun naskah sebagai seni pertunjukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 12 naskah (lontar) yang populer, yaitu Rengganis, Labang Kare, Madang Sekar, Bang Bari, Joharsah, Kayat Nabi, dan Junglengge yang diklasifikasikan sebagai naskah yang bersifat profan dan Indar Jaye, Jati Suare, Prudak Sine, Markum, dan Puspe Kerma sebagai naskah yang bersifat sakral. Naskah yang bersifat profan tersebut disusun dalam konsep rancang bangun seni pertunjukan dalam bentuk pertunjukan teater dengan mengambil cerita dari naskah lontar atau festival memaos naskah lontar. Konsep rancang bangun seni pertunjukan tersebut disusun menggunakan empat A, yaitu atraksi yang merujuk kepada atraksi atau kegiatan seni pertunjukan teaterdan memaos (membaca) naskah lontar, aksesibilitas yang merujuk kepada akomodasi dan cara operasional dari atraksi tersebut, amenitias yang merujuk kepada konsep pembentukan rasa kesenangan dan Kenyamanan dalam konteks wisata dan layanan tambahan berupa kegiatan atau hal-hal kecil yang mendukung kegiatan atraksi sebagai komponen utama. Rancang bangun tersebut harus dilakukan dengan perencanaan dan penyusunan yang komprehensif agar SDA dan SDM bisa dimanfaatkan dengan baik menuju sastra untuk pariwisata budaya berkelanjutan

Diversity and Abundance of Sand Crabs on the South Coast of Central Java (Diversitas dan Kelimpahan Kepiting Pasir di Pantai Selatan Jawa Tengah)

Kepiting pasir atau undur-undur laut merupakan biota bentik yang hidup di pantai berpasir yang mempunyai nilai ekologi dan nilai ekonomi cukup penting. Adanya tekanan penangkapan mengharuskan adanya pengelolaan yang bijak yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik populasi kepiting pasir. Informasi tentang jenis dan kelimpahan kepiting pasir penting untuk diketahui terlebih dahulu sebagai langkah awal upaya pengelolaan lestari kepiting pasir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis dan kelimpahan setiap jenis kepiting pasir yang terdapat di dua lokasi penelitian, yaitu pantai Bocor, Kabupaten Kebumen, dan pantai Bunton, Kabupaten Cilacap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di kedua lokasi penelitian ditemukan tiga jenis kepiting pasir, yaitu Emerita emeritus, Hippa adactyla, dan Albunea symmysta. Kepiting pasir E. emerita ditemukan dengan persentase komposisi paling besar, 70,5%-75,3%; disusul H. adactyla 22,5%-24,7%; dan A. symmysta 2,2%-4,8%. Kepiting pasir betina dijumpai dengan persentase komposisi paling tinggi, yaitu 78,2% hingga 92,8%. Kepiting pasir E. emeritus juga ditemukan dengan kelimpahan rata-rata paling tinggi di kedua lokasi penelitian, yaitu 5 dan 34 ekor/100m2. Kepiting pasir E. emeritus dan H. adactyla yang ditemukan di pantai Bunton, Cilacap mempunyai kelimpahan lebih tinggi dari yang ditemukan di pantai Bocor, Kebumen, adapun kelimpahan rata-rata Albunea symmysta relatif sama di kedua lokasi penelitian, yaitu sekitar 1 ekor/100m2. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah diversitas kepiting pasir di pesisir selatan Jawa Tengah relatif tinggi dengan kelimpahan yang berbeda-beda yang dipengaruhi oleh intensitas aktivitas manusia di wilayah pantai berpasir. Kata kunci: Albunea symmysta, Emerita emeritus, Hippa adactyla, kelimpahan, kepiting pasir, komposisi jenis   Sand crabs or mole crabs are benthic fauna that live in the sandy beaches. They have ecological and economic value. Because of fishing pressure to this organism, it requires wise management based on the characteristics of the sand crab population. Information on the type and abundance of sand crabs is important as an initial step in sustainable management of sand crabs. This study aims to determine the species composition and abundance of each species of sand crabs. Sand crab specimens were collected from two study sites, namely Bocor beach, Kebumen, and Bunton beach, Cilacap. The results showed that in both sites found three species of sand crabs, namely Emerita emeritus, Hippa adactyla, and Albunea symmysta. E. emerita found in greatest composition percentage, 70.5% -75.3%; followed by H. adactyla 22.5% -24.7%; and A. symmysta 2.2% -4.8%. Females sand crab found in highest composition percentage, which is 78.2% to 92.8%. E. emeritus were also found in highest abundance average in both sites, 5 and 34 ind.100m-2. E. emeritus and H. adactyla were found on Bunton beach, Cilacap have abundance higher than that found on Bocor beach, Kebumen, while average abundance ofAlbunea symmysta relatively similar in both study sites, which is about 1 ind.100m-2. Implication of this research is high diversity of sand crabs relatively on the southern coast of Central Java with varying abundance that affected by intensity of human activities in the sandy beach area. Keywords: abundance, Albunea symmysta, Emerita emeritus, Hippa adactyla, sand crab, species compositio