L’Uruguay entre la francophilie et l’instabilité : le rôle incontournable de l’Université dans la permanence du français

Dans cet article, je commencerai par une brève présentation des circonstances qui ont marqué l’évolution de la présence du français à l’Universidad de la República ; par la suite je ciblerai plus concrètement les actions d’enseignement, de formation permanente et de production scientifique des dix dernières années pour enfin voir quelle est la situation actuelle de l’enseignement du français à l’université dans son dialogue avec les contextes national et international

Présentation du projet Lectures sur l’Amérique Latine en Intercompréhension

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter le projet LALIC (Lectures sur l’Amérique Latine en Intercompréhension). Cette recherche, labellisée par la Commission de la Recherche Scientifique de l’Universidad de la República, cherche à étudier l’accès des étudiants universitaires, notamment dans les filières sciences humaines, aux débats liés à la pensée critique latino-américaine provenant des différents espaces linguistico-culturels qui composent l’Amérique Latine ainsi que la place de la bibliographie spécifique en langues étrangères dans cette réception. Nous abordons quelques aspects des premiers résultats et de la réflexion qui sous-tend cette recherche, axée sur la constitution d’un corpus de textes écrits sur et en Amérique Latine en plusieurs langues ainsi que sur la mise en place de cours visant le développement d’une compétence plurilingue dans le cadre des Approches plurielles et de l’Intercompréhension

La traza y la letra

Capítulo 1. El discurso contrahegemónico en Concierto barroco de Alejo Carpentier / Laura Médica Ameijenda -- Capítulo 2. La interrupción y el mestizaje del archivo -- Estrategias del creole y subversión del territorio -- El caballo de Troya haitiano / Marcelo Damonte -- Capítulo 3. «Le Voyage en Haïti» o cuerpos que hablan / María Noel Tenaglia -- Capítulo 4. Ansina, el cambá / Kildina Veljacic -- Capítulo 5. Portugués del Uruguay y literatura -- Las formas de la escritura en Chito de Mello y Fabián Severo / Alejandra Rivero Ramborger -- Capítulo 6. Iguales pero diferentes. Una nueva mirada sobre la identidad cultural riverense a través de etnotextos locales / Rossana Cottens -- Capítulo 7. Entre etnocentrismo y descentración : ¿Alencar mediador-traductor de lo indígena? / Laura Masello -- Capítulo 8. Macunaíma de Mário de Andrade: lengua, héroe y los entrelugares de la identidad nacional / Rodrigo Viqueira -- Capítulo 9. Etnografía y alteridad: de las pesquisas de Stoll a la etnografía caucásica uruguaya / L. Nicolás Guigou y Marcelo Rossal -- Anexos -- i. Le Voyage en Haïti -- ii. Bobiando -- Una carta -- Piedra mora -- Sobre los autore

Half a world apart? overlap in nonbreeding distributions of Atlantic and Indian ocean thin-billed prions

Distant populations of animals may share their non-breeding grounds or migrate to distinct areas, and this may have important consequences for population differentiation and dynamics. Small burrow-nesting seabirds provide a suitable case study, as they are often restricted to safe breeding sites on islands, resulting in a patchy breeding distribution. For example, Thin-billed prions Pachyptila belcheri have two major breeding colonies more than 8,000 km apart, on the Falkland Islands in the south-western Atlantic and in the Kerguelen Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. We used geolocators and stable isotopes to compare at-sea movements and trophic levels of these two populations during their non-breeding season, and applied ecological niche models to compare environmental conditions in the habitat. Over three winters, birds breeding in the Atlantic showed a high consistency in their migration routes. Most individuals migrated more than 3000 km eastwards, while very few remained over the Patagonian Shelf. In contrast, all Indian Ocean birds migrated westwards, resulting in an overlapping nonbreeding area in the eastern Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Geolocators and isotopic signature of feathers indicated that prions from the Falklands moulted at slightly higher latitudes than those from Kerguelen Islands. All birds fed on low trophic level prey, most probably crustaceans. The phenology differed notably between the two populations. Falkland birds returned to the Patagonian Shelf after 2-3 months, while Kerguelen birds remained in the nonbreeding area for seven months, before returning to nesting grounds highly synchronously and at high speed. Habitat models identified sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration as important environmental parameters. In summary, we show that even though the two very distant populations migrate to roughly the same area to moult, they have distinct wintering strategies: They had significantly different realized niches and timing which may contribute to spatial niche partitioning

Possibilities and Challenges of Teaching Reading in a Multi-Grade Classroom

In South Africa instruction frequently occurs in multi-grade settings where, due to lack of teachers and space, two to three teachers teach six classes. Many teachers lack the knowledge and skills to manage multi-grade classes effectively as they have been trained for single-grade teaching. A qualitative research design was chosen for this study because the methodology best allowed the collection of data to answer the research question, namely What are possibilities and challenges of teaching reading in a multi-grade classroom? A case study was used for this study. Yin (2003: 1) states that “case studies are the preferred strategy when 'how or 'why' questions are being posed, when the investigator has little control over events, and when the focus is on a contemporary phenomenon within some real life context‟. This descriptive and interpretive study took place within a bounded context; it focused on possibilities and challenges of teaching reading in a multi-grade classroom? Based on the findings of the study, this paper argues that multi-grade strategies and techniques received from observation and interviews have positive impact upon the teaching and learning practices of the school. However, government has to play a key role in sustaining the implementation and impact of multi-grade course strategies and techniques. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n15p35

Brasil descabralizado: narrativas contemporáneas desde la visión oswaldiana

Las representaciones de lo identitario brasileño, en tanto construcciones discursivas, son el reflejo de los diferentes contextos culturales e ideológicos a los cuales responden, desde el discurso eurocéntrico reduccionista y el discurso nacionalista-ufanista del romanticismo hasta el concepto de sociedad plurirracial brasileña adoptado por el Modernismo. Pero ¿en qué medida los brasileños podrían sentirse representados por amazonas, caníbales y holandeses? Las obras de Darcy Ribeiro y João Ubaldo Ribeiro estudiadas en este trabajo postulan el cuestionamiento del “carácter nacional” como definición identitaria, oponiéndole la recuperación del pensamiento salvaje como fuente de valores y la metáfora oswaldiana de la devoración como resistencia y estrategia de descolonización. Mediante la desacralización de episodios e imágenes pertenecientes a la Historia oficial y a la cultura nacional, estos autores proponen una visión “descabralizada” de Brasil, como propone Oswald, cuestionando la visión hegemónica sobre la sociedad brasileña

Entre macropolíticas institucionales y micropolíticas de los actores

La enseñanza, investigación y producción en varias lenguas en el nivel universitario se desarrolla a menudo en un espacio inestable determinado por la relación entre las políticas lingüísticas institucionales y las acciones de micropolítica lingüística. Para construir una política lingüística universitaria informada y contextualizada hay que tener en cuenta la glotopolítica de los actores académicos. El Centro de Lenguas Extranjeras de la Universidad de la República de Uruguay lleva a cabo un intenso trabajo de consolidación de los Estudios de Lenguas y analiza desde 2016 aspectos de la política lingüística para saber en qué lenguas se investiga y se publica en el ámbito académico. En su primera etapa se estudió la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Eduación. Presentaremos los avances de la segunda etapa de la línea Lenguas y producción de conocimiento, que procura estudiar las relaciones entre el acervo lingüístico de la universidad, los repertorios lingüísticos de actores universitarios y la producción de conocimiento en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, con la misma metodología de corte cualitativo, complementada con datos obtenidos mediante instrumentos cuantitativos. Las técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos comprenden: revisión de documentos oficiales sobre políticas lingüísticas universitarias, relevamiento de bibliografías por carreras para analizar la presencia o ausencia de obras en lenguas extranjeras, entrevistas semi-dirigidas a autoridades, docentes y estudiantes. Desde una perspectiva interpretativista, se realizó el análisis de contenido a partir del cruce entre los datos cuantitativos y los emergentes provenientes del relevamiento y las entrevistas. Los resultados relacionados con el universo estudiado hasta ahora muestran un vacío documental institucional y, como contrapartida, la incidencia de los repertorios lingüísticos de los docentes en su actividad pedagógica. No obstante, el desajuste entre las exigencias plasmadas en los programas y las carencias en los repertorios lingüísticos de los estudiantes han creado en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales tensiones que instalan el debate entre las decisiones de macropolítica y las acciones de micropolítica lingüística.Teaching, research and production in multiple languages at the university level often take place in an unstable space determined by the relationship between institutional language policies and the micro-political linguistic actions. It is necessary to build an informed and contextualized university language policy, taking into account the glotopolitics of academic actors. The Center for Foreign Languages of the University of the Republic of Uruguay carries out intensive work to consolidate Language Studies in the university's academic ecosystem analyzing since 2016 language policy aspects related to research tasks, in order to understand in which languages research is conducted and published. In its first stage, the study focused on the Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences. We will present the progress of the second stage of the Languages and knowledge production line, which seeks to study the relationships between the university's linguistic capital, the linguistic repertoires of university actors, and knowledge production. The same qualitative methodology was applied to the Faculty of Social Sciences, complemented with data obtained through quantitative instruments. The techniques and instruments used for data collection include: the review of official documents on university language policies, the survey of bibliographies in curricula to analyze the presence or absence of works in foreign languages, semi-directed interviews with authorities, teachers and students. From an interpretative perspective, the content analysis was carried out from the cross between the quantitative and emerging data from the survey and the interviews. The results related to the universe studied so far show an institutional documental void and, as a counterpart, the incidence of teachers' linguistic repertoires in their pedagogical activity. However, the mismatch between the requirements embodied in the programs and the shortcomings in the linguistic repertoires of the students have created in the Faculty of Cs. Social tensions that install the debate between macropolitical decisions and linguistic micropolitical actions.Peer Reviewe

Are haematological parameters related to body condition, ornamentation and breeding success in wild burrowing parrots Cyanoliseus patagonus

Haematology and plasma biochemistry values are useful tools for ecological research. They have been used to investigate the physiological state and the adaptation of individuals to their habitat, changes in nutritional state of birds, body condition, the level of parasite infestation, male quality, the physical condition of nestlings, etc. In the present study we tested the role of haematological and plasma biochemistry values in burrowing parrots Cyanoliseus patagonus (Aves, Psittaciformes) for determining individual quality and condition. We measured triglyceride levels, plasma protein levels, plasma hue and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of nestlings and breeding adults in a colony in the north of Patagonia, Argentina. We found that plasma triglyceride levels strongly relate to changes in individual condition. Plasma levels of triglycerides were found to be strongly related to mass change, hatching order and brood size in nestlings. Levels of triglycerides were found to reflect reproductive effort in adults: males fledging larger broods had decreased levels of triglycerides. Adults with lower body condition had increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Plasma hue showed a strong relationship with an ornamental trait, the red abdominal patch of male adults, and with parameters of structural body size. Thus, we have shown that haematological and plasma biochemistry values, especially plasma levels of triglycerides, are good indicators of individual quality and condition in nestlings and breeding birds

Barriers to academic achievement of first year African students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.

Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.The present study explores the barriers to academic achievement of first year Africa