184 research outputs found
MUTUAL SUPPORT IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FOR EARTHQUAKE RECONSTRUCTION IN ACEH BESAR, INDONESIA
On December 26, 2004, the Indian Ocean earthquake, which had its epicenter off the northern coast of Sumatra, was followed by a series of huge tsunami waves, which caused considerable damage to many coastal communities in Asia. In Indonesia, Aceh and North Sumatra suffered the greatest. Many residents rapidly lost their families, homes, fishing boats, farmland, well-being, and self-confidence. Numerous donors provided considerable support, and many victims gradually recovered. Through these tremendous efforts, the victims have gradually regained their well-being; in the over fifteen years since the tsunami, reconstruction has resulted in sustainable community development. This study aimed to determine how the victims have rebuilt their livelihoods and how communities have supported them. The fieldwork comprised interviews with key members of affected local communities in Aceh Besar District in 2006â2018. Some respondents were selected for interview and focus group discussions. This study examines the recovery process, how victims developed social relations, and how they were encouraged and developed self-confidence and independence. The results showed that for the victims, the most important factors in the reconstruction were (1) a firm relationship with family and relatives and (2) a strong sense of community. This study found that womenâs activities were supported by Panglima Laot Lhok (fishing communitiesâ leaders), Toke Bangku (financial traders), and a fish processing association. Those actors were important for the economic, financial, and social institutions in the community. Mutual support in the community and indigenous institutions played roles in strengthening social resilience. The income-generating activities in the mutual system empowered victimsâespecially womenâand their families. The victims developed a feeling of self-confidence and independence that has gradually increased. Through community-based activities, the victims improved their livelihoods.Â
Recommended from our members
Study of parallel efficiency in message passing environments
A benchmark test using the Message Passing Interface (MPI, an emerging standard for writing message passing programs) has been developed, to study parallel performance in message passing environments. The test is comprised of a computational task of independent calculations followed by a round-robin data communication step. Performance data as a function of computational granularity and message passing requirements are presented for the IBM SPx at Argonne National Laboratory and for a cluster of quasi-dedicated SUN SPARC Station 20`s. In the later portion of the paper a widely accepted communication cost model combined with Amdahl`s law is used to obtain performance predictions for uneven distributed computational work loads
Konfigurering och ibruktagning av KNX system
Detta examensarbete behandlar grunderna i KNX samt programmering av KNX enheter med datorprogrammet ETS 4. I arbetet beskrivs hur KNX systemet fungerar, hur det Àr uppbyggt och de olika överföringsmedium som kan anvÀndas dÄ KNX enheter kommunicerar. Jag beskriver ocksÄ hur ETS 4 installeras pÄ datorn och hur man kommer igÄng med programmeringen av KNX enheterna.
Inför detta examensarbete har jag studerat en del av ABB:s KNX enheter samt deras funktioner och konfigurationsmöjligheter.
Syftet med detta examensarbete Àr att skapa en liten handbok för hur ett KNX system Àr uppbyggt samt hur KNX enheterna programmeras med ETS 4.TÀmÀ opinnÀytetyö kÀsittelee KNX:n perusteita ja KNX-laitteiden ohjelmointia ETS 4 tietokoneohjelman avulla. TyössÀ kuvaillaan, miten KNX-jÀrjestelmÀ toimii, millÀ tavalla se on rakennettu sekÀ mitÀ eri siirtomedioita voidaan kÀyttÀÀ KNX-laitteiden viestinnÀssÀ. TyössÀ kuvaillaan myös, miten ETS-ohjelma asennetaan tietokoneella ja miten pÀÀstÀÀn aloittamaan KNX-laitteiden ohjelmointi.
Ennen tÀtÀ opinnÀytetyötÀ kirjoittaja on opiskellut ABB:n KNX-laitteita sekÀ niiden toimintoja ja konfiguraatiomahdollisuuksia.
OpinnÀytetyön tarkoituksena on tehdÀ pieni kÀsikirja, joka kertoo, miten KNX- jÀrjestelmÀ on rakennettu sekÀ millÀ tavalla KNX-laitteet ohjelmoidaan ETS 4:llÀ.In this thesis I deal with the basics of KNX as well as the programming of KNX devices with the computer software ETS 4. In the thesis I describe how the KNX system works, how it is built and the different communication media that are used for communication between KNX devices. I also describe how ETS 4 is installed on a personal computer and how to get started with the programming of the KNX devices.
When preparing for this thesis I studied a part of ABBâs KNX devices, their functions as well as their configuration possibilities.
The purpose of this thesis is to create a small manual that can be used to see how a KNX system is built and to check how KNX devices are programmed with ETS 4
Immunopharmacological properties of Oren-gedoku-to (a Kampo medicine, Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang) on contact hypersensitivity reaction in mice
We investigated the effects of Oren-gedoku-to (Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang), a Kampo medicine, on DNFB-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response in mice in order to further clarify the immunopharmacological properties of this formulation. 1) Administration of Oren-gedoku-to decreased the magnitude of ear swelling in the CHS response and shortened the affected period. The inhibitory effect on ear swelling was observed even when Oren-gedoku-to was given orally with different timing schedules. 2) The expressions of mRNAs for CD8, IFN-7 and TNF-α in the ear of Oren-gedoku-to-treated mice were markedly decreased 24 h after the challenge. 3) The number of skin-draining regional lymph node cells (LNCs), CD4^+ T cells and CD8^+ T cells was decreased without affecting the ratio of CD8^+/CD4^+ T cells. 4) Oren-gedoku-to resulted in a marked impairment of the hapten-specific development of LNCs. These results suggest that the suppressive effect of Oren-gedoku-to on ear swelling was partly caused by the suppression of lymphocyte proliferation. æ„觊éæććż(CHS)ă«ćŻŸăăé»éŁè§ŁæŻæčŻăźæć¶ćčæă«ă€ăăŠæ€èšăăă1g/kgăźé»éŁè§ŁæŻæčŻăæäœæ„ăăéŁç¶æäžăăăăšă§,DNFBćĄćžă«ăăèłä»ăźè
«èčăŻè»œæžă,ăăźæç¶æéăççžźăăăăŸă,é»éŁè§ŁæŻæčŻăźæäžæéăć€æŽ(æäœćŸ0-2æ„éăăăăŻ4-6æ„éăźæäž)ăăŠăæć¶ćčæăèȘăăăăăèłä»ć±æă§ăŻ,é»éŁè§ŁæŻæčŻăźéŁç¶æäžă«ăă,CD8,IFN-ÎłăăăłTNF-αăźmRNAçșçŸăŻæžćŒ±ăăăæć±ăȘăłăçŻă§ăŻ,ć
šăȘăłăçŻçŽ°è,CD8^+T现è,CD4^+T现èăźæ°ăæžć°ăăă,CD8/CD4æŻă«ć€ćăŻăżăăăȘăăŁăăăăă«,ăȘăłăçŻçŽ°èăźăăăăłçčç°çăȘćąæźèœăŻæć¶ăăăă仄äžăźç”æăă,é»éŁè§ŁæŻæčŻăźCHSăźæć¶ćčæă«ăăăăłçčç°çăȘăłăçăźćąæźæć¶ăéąäžăăŠăăăšèăăăă
Monivammapotilaan kivunhoito
TÀmÀn opinnÀytetyön tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa monivammapotilaan kivunhoitoa ennen sairaalaan tuloa, sairaalassa ja kotona systemaattista kirjallisuuskatsausta soveltaen. Tavoitteena on edistÀÀ monivammapotilaan kivunhoitoa. OpinnÀytetyöhön valikoitui analysoitavaksi 38 (=n) julkaisua.
Monivammapotilaan kivunhoito vaatii moniammatillista osaamista ja yhteistyötÀ. Kivunhoidon oleellisena osana on kivun arviointi. Kipua voidaan arvioida erilaisin mittarein, kuten sanallinen asteikko (VRS), numeroasteikko (NRS) ja visuaalianalogiasteikko (VAS). Potilaan ollessa tajuton, kivunarviointi muuttuu haasteellisemmaksi, sillÀ silloin mittareita ei voida kÀyttÀÀ.
Monivammapotilaan kipua hoidetaan pÀÀsÀÀntöisesti lÀÀkkeillÀ. KeskeisimpiÀ lÀÀkkeitÀ ovat tulehduskipulÀÀkkeet, parasetamoli ja opioidit. LÀÀkkeettömiÀ kivunhoitomuotoja kuten asentohoito, fysikaaliset hoitomuodot, hengitysharjoitukset, musiikin kuuntelu, rentoutumis- ja mielikuvaharjoitukset, kÀytetÀÀn myös, mutta ne ovat tehokkaampia yhdistettynÀ lÀÀkkeelliseen kivunhoitoon. LÀÀkehoito koostuu monen lÀÀkeryhmÀn yhdistelmistÀ eli multimodaalisesta kivunhoidosta. Puudutteet ovat keskeinen osa monivammapotilaan kivunhoitoa, sillÀ ne vÀhentÀvÀt huomattavasti opioidien kÀyttöÀ. Kivunhoito on tasapainoilua potilaan kivuttomuuden ja kivunhoidon haittavaikutuksien vÀlillÀ. Potilaan kivunhoito jatkuu koko hoidon ajan, myös kotiutumisen jÀlkeen.
Kivunhoito on potilaan oikeus eikĂ€ ole olemassa mitÀÀn pĂ€tevÀÀ syytĂ€ jĂ€ttÀÀ kipua hoitamatta. Monivammapotilaat ovat todella kivuliaita, joten kivun hoidon tutkiminen ja kehittĂ€minen on tĂ€rkeÀÀ. Tehokkaalla kivunhoidolla voidaan ehkĂ€istĂ€ kivun kroonistumista.The purpose of this thesis is to improve multi-trauma patients pain management before coming to a hospital, in hospital and at home by using a systematic literature review. The aim is to improve multi-trauma patientâs pain management. There was 38(=n) publications chosen for this thesis.
The pain management of a multi-trauma patient requires multi-professional expertise and cooperation. An essential part of pain management is assessment of pain. The pain can be assessed with different kind of rating scales for example verbal rating scale (VRS), numeric rating scale (NRS) and visual analog scale (VAS). When patient is being unconscious assessment of pain becomes challenging so the rating scales cannot be used.
The pain of a multi-trauma patient is mainly managed with medicine. The most common medicines are inflammatory drugs, paracetamol and opioids. Drug-free pain management formats such as position management, physical therapies, breathing exercises, listening to music, relaxing and imagination exercises are used but they are more effective combined with medicinal pain management. Medication consist of the combination of different drug groups called multimodal pain management. Regional anesthetics are a key part of the pain management of a multi-trauma patient because regional anesthetics reduce remarkably the use of opioids. Pain management is balancing between painless and side effects pain management. The pain management of the patient goes through the whole care also after discharging from hospital.
Pain management is the patients right and there is no competent reason to not treat the pain. Multi-trauma patients are in a high amount of pain so the study and development of pain management is really important. With efficient pain management you can anticipate chronical pain
Proposal for measuring magnetism with patterned apertures
We propose a magnetic measurement method utilizing a patterned post-sample
aperture in a transmission electron microscope. While utilizing electron
magnetic circular dichroism, the method circumvents previous needs to shape the
electron probe to an electron vortex beam or astigmatic beam. The method can be
implemented in standard scanning transmission electron microscopes by replacing
the spectrometer entrance aperture with a specially shaped aperture, hereafter
called ventilator aperture. The proposed setup is expected to work across the
whole range of beam sizes -- from wide parallel beams down to atomic resolution
magnetic spectrum imaging.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT FOR LASER SYSTEMS USING A STOCHASTIC BINARY SEARCH ALGORITHM TO COPE WITH NOISY SENSING DATA
Actin filaments function as a tension sensor by tension-dependent binding of cofilin to the filament
In vitro, actin filament tension correlates with the binding and apparent activity of the filament-severing protein cofilin, suggesting a molecular mechanism by which cells respond to changes in mechanical force
- âŠ