Ketahanan Termal dan Ketahanan Perendaman Komposit NBR/EPDM dengan Berbagai Kompatibiliser

Komposit NBR/EPDM memiliki banyak manfaat, diantaranya sebagai sil, gasket.  Ketahanan termal dan ketahanan terhadap perendaman perlu dipelajari untuk mengetahui kondisi penggunaan dan penyimpanan yang tepat. Dalam penelitian ini, komposit NBR/EPDM dicampur dengan berbagai kompatibiliser untuk mendapatkan komposit yang homogen, yaitu metil-metakrilat-butadiene-stirene (MBS), montmorillonite (MMT), dan silika. Komposit NBR/EPDM dibuat menggunakan two-roll mill dan divulkanisasi mengggunakan hydraulic press. Pengujian ketahanan termal  dilakukan dengan menggunakan termogravimetry analyzer dan pengujian ketahanan terhadap perendaman dilakukan dengan metode perendaman dalam berbagai pelarut (IRM 903, toluene, n-heksana). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompatibiliser terhadap ketahanan termal dan perendaman dari komposit NBR/EPDM. Dari penelitian diketahui bahwa kompatibiliser, khususnya MBS, dapat meningkatkan ketahanan termal hingga 2.5% dan ketahanan terhadap perendaman komposit NBR/EPDM hingga 2

Effect of natural zeolite as substrate filler on the properties of NBR/EPDM blend

The NBR/EPDM blend has a great ozone, oil, and heat resistance. Carbon black is the most commonly used filler material for rubber goods. But, it is less environmentally friendly and less healthy friendly. In this study, we will study the use of natural zeolite as a substitute for the filler. This blend was carried out by a two-roll mill and tested by rheometer and tensile strength tester. From the research that has been done, it is known that vulcanizate with carbon black is better than all of the vulcanizate using zeolite as filler substitute. Vulcanizate with CB provide the fastest curing time, the fastest reaction speed and also the best mechanical properties. Vulcanization with the 10 phr zeolite gives the optimum curing time and the best mechanical properties compared to the substitution of other fillers. This shows that 10 phr zeolite (16.7%) can be a suitable filling material for NBR/EPDM blend

CURING CHARACTERISTIC OF VARIOUS ACCELERATORS ON NATURAL RUBBER/CHLOROPRENE RUBBER BLENDS

The effects of the various accelerator of natural rubber (NR) and chloroprene (CR) blends on the cure characteristics was investigated in this paper. Blending process of  elastomers NR and CR were prepared by using laboratory two-roll mill. Several types of an accelerator, namely diphenyl guanidine (DPG), 2-mercaptobenzothiazol (MBT), N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide (TBBS), ethylene thiourea (ETU), and tetramethyl thiuram monosulfide (TMTM) was used to find out curing characteristics of compound NR/CR (coded A, B, C, D, E). Rheology was studied with a rheometer. Research results show that type of used accelerator and vulcanization temperature influenced scorch time (ts2), optimum vulcanization time (tc90) and cure rate index (CRI) of NR/CR rubber blends. Keywords: accelerator, chloroprene rubber, curing characteristic, natural rubber, scorch tim

Bad government as a reason of recent financial crisis in Europe

In spite of emphasizing on a market by economic liberalism, most experts believe that market failure caused the deepest global crisis after Great Depression (1929) to happen. Although we cannot ignore the importance to the role of attendance of government to the economy, we believe that sometimes governments are the reason behind the problems in economic situation. Factors like the lack of political integration between European governments and cooperation of national government, the absence of mighty government to make decision and policy and undisciplined financial plans, as well as, loss of proper rules and low, which are occasions of bad government.peer-reviewe

Bad government as a reason of recent financial crisis in Europe

In spite of emphasizing on a market by economic liberalism, most experts believe that market failure caused the deepest global crisis after Great Depression (1929) to happen. Although we cannot ignore the importance to the role of attendance of government to the economy, we believe that sometimes governments are the reason behind the problems in economic situation. Factors like the lack of political integration between European governments and cooperation of national government, the absence of mighty government to make decision and policy and undisciplined financial plans, as well as, loss of proper rules and low, which are occasions of bad government.peer-reviewe

Analisa Anomali Medan Magnet Bumi Akibat Adanya Benda Di Bawah / Dasar Laut Di Perairan Cirebon

Analisa anomali magnetic total pada Perairan Cirebon dengan daerah selidikan pada koordinat 108°20' BT - 108°50' BT dan 4°30' LS - 4°50' LS, yang memiliki nilai anomali magnetik total minimum pada -150 gamma dan maksimum +300 gamma dengan selang kontur anomali magnetik total sebesar 50 gamma, merupakan hasil pengurangan harga intensitas magnetic pengamatan terhadap medan magnet bumi normal dan koreksi variasi harian. Untuk menghitung parameter kedalaman, kerentanan magnetic (suseptibilitas), ukuran benda, pusat massa batuan dasar digunakan pemodelan dengan Software MAG2DC. Dari hasil interpretasi diperoleh bahwa kedalaman batuan dasar daerah teltian berkisar 8,75 meter hingga 84,89 meter dari permukaan dasar laut, perluasan kedalamannya antara 134,35 meter hingga 368,54 meter. Lebar maksimum bodi antara 23250 meter hingga 9257,93 meter, pusat massa bodi lintasan observasi pada antara -386,49 meter dari titik O pusat kontur hingga 4375 meter dari titik pusat kontur. Suseptibilitas (kontras kemagnetan) sebesar 0.314 dalam satuan SI adalah nilai suseptibilitas batuan sedimen dolomite, sandstone, shales dan limestone yang merupakan batuan reservoi

Prevalence and Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing of Bacteria Isolated from Open Wounds of Hospitalized Patients

Background: Substantial infectivity of open wounds by microorganisms not only precipitates in terms of complexity, morbidity and mortality because of encouraging other fatal comorbidities but also becomes challenging to handle by medical practitioners.Methods: To ascertain the bioburden associated particularly with bacteria in open wounds, this research work was conducted at the Microbiology and Molecular Genetics department of Women University, Multan in association with Pathology Department of Nishtar Hospital and College, Multan from January to June 2018. 65 different wound samples were collected from different wards and analyzed by standard procedures for bacterial isolation and characterization, employing biochemical tests including catalase, oxidase, coagulase, motility, triple-sugar iron (TSI), citrate and indole tests. The isolated bacterial strains were also evaluated for sensitivity or resistance against twelve different antibiotics.Results: All the 65 samples were found to be positive for bacterial presence. Gram-positive cocci constituted 63% of the isolates and gram-negative rods comprised 37%. Biochemical tests revealed that the predominant pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus (63.1%) followed by Proteus spp., (15.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.3%) and Escherichia coli (9.2%), respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity testing disclosed that the most effective antibiotics against these isolates were Tigecycline and Polymyxin B while the least effective antibiotics were Ceftazidime and Ampicillin.Conclusion: These findings can prove beneficial in understanding the prevalence of various bacteria in wound infections. In addition, they indicate the need to develop and implement antibiotic stewardship programs so as to combat drug resistance among pathogens.Keywords: Gram-positive cocci; Drug resistance; Staphylococcus aureus   

Natural Zeolite as Substitution Filler on the NBR/EPDM Composite: Characteristics of Swelling Resistance and Compression Set

The resistance of rubber materials to solvents and compression resistance need to be studied in order to determine the proper conditions of use and storage. In this research, we will study the effect of natural zeolite as a filler substitution on the swelling characteristics and compression resistance of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR)/Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber (EPDM) composites. The zeolite filler was varied based on the amount and treatment (5 phr and 10 phr with and without modification). The NBR/EPDM composites were made using a two-roll mill and vulcanized using a hydraulic press. Furthermore, the composites were tested for resistance to immersion (swelling) according to ISO 1817 using IRM 903, hexane, and toluene. The compression resistance testing is carried out according to ISO 815 with a compression test apparatus. From the research it is known that zeolite can be a suitable filler substitution for NBR/EPDM composites. The 10 phr modified zeolite is the most suitable filler substitution to increase immersion resistance and compression resistance for NBR/EPDM composite

Evaluation of the Impact of Antibiotic Stewardship Program on Antibiotics Utilization As Surgical Prophylaxis at a Secondary Hospital in United Arab Emirates

Background: Overuse or misuse of antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum antibiotics, may result in nosocomial infections, leading to increased mortality rate, extended hospital stay, and cost. The antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) is introduced to combat the irrational use of antibiotics. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the newly implemented surgical antibiotics prophylaxis (SAP) guidelines. Materials & Methods: This study was a retrospective, hospital-based study conducted over five years (2017 to 2022), one year before and four years after implementation of ASP at Dibba hospital, United Arab Emirates. The study included adult patients who undergo surgical operations during the study period. Results: Out of 3290 patients included in the study,1756 received SAP. The percentage of patients who received SAP improved from pre-ASP 53.6% to 56.7% four years post-ASP. The most frequently used SAP in pre-ASP was amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (decreased from 44% to 0%), in contrast to Cefazolin (increased from 0% to 83%). The appropriate selection of SAP was improved from 42% to 97%, appropriate SAP timing increased from 81% to 98%, appropriate SAP duration was noticeably enhanced from 46% to 98%. The incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) decreased from 34.82% in pre-ASP to 7.99%, 17.91%, 5.40%, and 3.71% in the first, second, third, and fourth post-ASP years, respectively. Conclusions: Four years Implementation of SAP guidelines have significantly improved the rational use of antibiotics resulting in improved clinical outcomes

Sinematografi sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Promosi Pariwisata di Kampung Nde, Jawa Barat

Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan bahwakurangnya akses informasi yang menyangkut potensi pariwisata yang bersifat sinematik dianggapsebagai salah satu faktor yang menjadikan Kampung Nde tidak menjadi destinasi wisata unggulandan ditakutkan akan hilang. Padahal kampung ini menyimpan kekayaan budaya sunda yang masihterjaga. Selain itu, kampung asri yang terletak di kecamatan Sukaresmi, Kabupaten Cianjur inimenyimpan kekayaan alam yang tidak kalah dari wisata lain.Hasil observasi menunjukan bahwa masyarakat, khususnya pemuda, Kampung Ndemasih kesulitan dalam hal teknik merekam, penyuntingan, dan mempublikasikan rekaman merekasebagai alat promosi Wisata Alam dan Budaya Kampung Nde. Proses promosi hanya dilakukandengan cara yang sporadis. Hal tersebut tentu menjadikan Kampung Nde tidak menjadi daerahwisata prioritas bagi para wisatawan dan ditakutkan akan hilang.Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman yangsistematis mengenai sinematografi sebagai upaya mempromosikan Kampung Nde. Hal tersebutdapat berimbas kepada peningkatan kualitas ekonomi masyarakat setempat.Materi pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan cara tatap muka. Tatap muka sendiridapat memberikan dampak yang signifikan karena masyarakat Kampung Nde akan diberikanpemahaman, latihan, dan pendampingan secara langsung.Masyarakat Kampung Nde merupakan subjek pengabdian masyarakat ini. Penggunaanbuku ajar, perangkat pengajaran, dan hasil sinematografi akan menjadi buku panduan bagimasyarakat di desa lain untuk meningkatkan promosi pariwisata di daerah mereka dengan carasinematografi