Associations Between Self-Reported Sleep, Wellbeing and Physical Activity in Irish Adolescents

Growing evidence suggests sleep plays an important role in the development of healthy adolescents, with increased interest in the associations between sleep and mental health. Higher duration and quality of sleep has been suggested as a mechanism for increased wellbeing in adolescents. Cross sectional data was collected from 5,661 Irish adolescents. 55% of Irish adolescents reported meeting the guidelines for adolescents of 8-10 hours per night. This was found to decrease with age. Higher duration and quality of sleep was positively associated with wellbeing and negatively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. A higher frequency of physical activity was associated with longer duration and higher quality of sleep. 9-10 hours of sleep was associated with the highest levels of wellbeing and lowest symptoms of anxiety and depression. The relationship between physical activity and increased wellbeing may be impacted by physical activity leading to higher durations and quality of sleep. Higher frequencies of physical activity may increase sleep quality and quantity thereby improving markers of mental health in adolescents.&nbsp

Uses of strength-based interventions for people with serious mental illness: a critical review

Background: For the past 3 decades, mental health practitioners have increasingly adopted aspects and tools of strength-based approaches. Providing strength-based intervention and amplifying strengths relies heavily on effective interpersonal processes. Aim: This article is a critical review of research regarding the use of strength-based approaches in mental health service settings. The aim is to discuss strength-based interventions within broader research on recovery, focussing on effectiveness and advances in practice where applicable. Method: A systematic search for peer-reviewed intervention studies published between 2001 and December 2014 yielded 55 articles of potential relevance to the review. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to appraise the quality of the studies. Our review found emerging evidence that the utilisation of a strength-based approach improves outcomes including hospitalisation rates, employment/educational attainment, and intrapersonal outcomes such as self-efficacy and sense of hope. Conclusion: Recent studies confirm the feasibility of implementing a high-fidelity strength-based approach in clinical settings and its relevance for practitioners in health care. More high-quality studies are needed to further examine the effectiveness of strength-based approaches

Reflections on power, knowledge and change

Mary O’Hagan reflects on 35 years of psychiatric survivor and lived experience advocacy to transform mental health services and society so that people with mental distress are treated as equals and free of discrimination. She is not satisfied with progress and asserts that we cannot make big change until psychiatry moves away from the hub of the system and becomes one of the spokes – where it no longer dominates the discourse and takes most of the resources. She discusses the parallels and tensions between the ‘mad’ movement and the indigenous Maori quest for self-determination as well as the challenges in getting Mad Studies established as a full discipline. Mary has seen the loss of momentum in the independent ‘mad’ movement over the years as advocates find jobs in the mental health system. There is still hope for big change, but it may take several generations of advocacy to get there

Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Fe Complexes Containing Cyclic Diazadiphosphine Ligands: The Role of the Pendant Base in Heterolytic Cleavage of H₂

The iron complexes CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Bn₂)Cl (<b>1-Cl</b>), CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Ph₂)Cl (<b>2-Cl</b>), and CpFe­(P^Ph₂C₅)Cl (<b>3-Cl</b>) (where P^Ph₂N^Bn₂ is 1,5-dibenzyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphenyl-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane, P^Ph₂N^Ph₂ is 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane, and P^Ph₂C₅ is 1,4-diphenyl-1,4-diphosphacycloheptane) have been synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, electrochemical studies, and X-ray diffraction. These chloride derivatives are readily converted to the corresponding hydride complexes [CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Bn₂)H (<b>1-H</b>), CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Ph₂)H (<b>2-H</b>), CpFe­(P^Ph₂C₅)H (<b>3-H</b>)] and H₂ complexes [CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Bn₂)­(H₂)]­BAr^F₄, <b>[1-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]­BAr</b>^<b>F</b>_<b>4</b>, (where BAr^F₄ is B­[(3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃)₄]⁻), [CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Ph₂)­(H₂)]­BAr^F₄, <b>[2-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]­BAr</b>^<b>F</b>_<b>4</b>, and [CpFe­(P^Ph₂C₅)­(H₂)]­BAr^F₄, <b>[3-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]­BAr</b>^<b>F</b>_<b>4</b>, as well as [CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Bn₂)­(CO)]­BAr^F₄, <b>[1-CO]­Cl</b>. Structural studies are reported for <b>[1-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]­BAr</b>^<b>F</b>_<b>4</b>, <b>1-H</b>, <b>2-H</b>, and <b>[1-CO]­Cl</b>. The conformations adopted by the chelate rings of the P^Ph₂N^Bn₂ ligand in the different complexes are determined by attractive or repulsive interactions between the sixth ligand of these pseudo-octahedral complexes and the pendant N atom of the ring adjacent to the sixth ligand. An example of an attractive interaction is the observation that the distance between the N atom of the pendant amine and the C atom of the coordinated CO ligand for <b>[1-CO]­BAr</b>^<b>F</b>_<b>4</b> is 2.848 Å, considerably shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of N and C atoms. Studies of H/D exchange by the complexes <b>[1-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]</b>^<b>+</b>, <b>[2-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]</b>^<b>+</b>, and <b>[3-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]</b>^<b>+</b> carried out using H₂ and D₂ indicate that the relatively rapid H/D exchange observed for <b>[1-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]</b>^<b>+</b> and <b>[2-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]</b>^<b>+</b> compared to <b>[3-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]</b>^<b>+</b> is consistent with intramolecular heterolytic cleavage of H₂ mediated by the pendant amine. Computational studies indicate a low barrier for heterolytic cleavage of H₂. These mononuclear Fe^II dihydrogen complexes containing pendant amines in the ligands mimic crucial features of the distal Fe site of the active site of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase required for H–H bond formation and cleavage

Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Fe Complexes Containing Cyclic Diazadiphosphine Ligands: The Role of the Pendant Base in Heterolytic Cleavage of H₂

The iron complexes CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Bn₂)Cl (<b>1-Cl</b>), CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Ph₂)Cl (<b>2-Cl</b>), and CpFe­(P^Ph₂C₅)Cl (<b>3-Cl</b>) (where P^Ph₂N^Bn₂ is 1,5-dibenzyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphenyl-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane, P^Ph₂N^Ph₂ is 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane, and P^Ph₂C₅ is 1,4-diphenyl-1,4-diphosphacycloheptane) have been synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, electrochemical studies, and X-ray diffraction. These chloride derivatives are readily converted to the corresponding hydride complexes [CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Bn₂)H (<b>1-H</b>), CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Ph₂)H (<b>2-H</b>), CpFe­(P^Ph₂C₅)H (<b>3-H</b>)] and H₂ complexes [CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Bn₂)­(H₂)]­BAr^F₄, <b>[1-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]­BAr</b>^<b>F</b>_<b>4</b>, (where BAr^F₄ is B­[(3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃)₄]⁻), [CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Ph₂)­(H₂)]­BAr^F₄, <b>[2-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]­BAr</b>^<b>F</b>_<b>4</b>, and [CpFe­(P^Ph₂C₅)­(H₂)]­BAr^F₄, <b>[3-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]­BAr</b>^<b>F</b>_<b>4</b>, as well as [CpFe­(P^Ph₂N^Bn₂)­(CO)]­BAr^F₄, <b>[1-CO]­Cl</b>. Structural studies are reported for <b>[1-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]­BAr</b>^<b>F</b>_<b>4</b>, <b>1-H</b>, <b>2-H</b>, and <b>[1-CO]­Cl</b>. The conformations adopted by the chelate rings of the P^Ph₂N^Bn₂ ligand in the different complexes are determined by attractive or repulsive interactions between the sixth ligand of these pseudo-octahedral complexes and the pendant N atom of the ring adjacent to the sixth ligand. An example of an attractive interaction is the observation that the distance between the N atom of the pendant amine and the C atom of the coordinated CO ligand for <b>[1-CO]­BAr</b>^<b>F</b>_<b>4</b> is 2.848 Å, considerably shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of N and C atoms. Studies of H/D exchange by the complexes <b>[1-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]</b>^<b>+</b>, <b>[2-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]</b>^<b>+</b>, and <b>[3-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]</b>^<b>+</b> carried out using H₂ and D₂ indicate that the relatively rapid H/D exchange observed for <b>[1-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]</b>^<b>+</b> and <b>[2-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]</b>^<b>+</b> compared to <b>[3-H</b>_<b>2</b><b>]</b>^<b>+</b> is consistent with intramolecular heterolytic cleavage of H₂ mediated by the pendant amine. Computational studies indicate a low barrier for heterolytic cleavage of H₂. These mononuclear Fe^II dihydrogen complexes containing pendant amines in the ligands mimic crucial features of the distal Fe site of the active site of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase required for H–H bond formation and cleavage

Risk of cancer from occupational exposure to ionising radiation: retrospective cohort study of workers in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States (INWORKS)

Study question Is protracted exposure to low doses of ionising radiation associated with an increased risk of solid cancer? Methods In this cohort study, 308 297 workers in the nuclear industry from France, the United Kingdom, and the United States with detailed monitoring data for external exposure to ionising radiation were linked to death registries. Excess relative rate per Gy of radiation dose for mortality from cancer was estimated. Follow-up encompassed 8.2 million person years. Of 66 632 known deaths by the end of follow-up, 17 957 were due to solid cancers. Study answer and limitations Results suggest a linear increase in the rate of cancer with increasing radiation exposure. The average cumulative colon dose estimated among exposed workers was 20.9 mGy (median 4.1 mGy). The estimated rate of mortality from all cancers excluding leukaemia increased with cumulative dose by 48% per Gy (90% confidence interval 20% to 79%), lagged by 10 years. Similar associations were seen for mortality from all solid cancers (47% (18% to 79%)), and within each country. The estimated association over the dose range of 0-100 mGy was similar in magnitude to that obtained over the entire dose range but less precise. Smoking and occupational asbestos exposure are potential confounders; however, exclusion of deaths from lung cancer and pleural cancer did not affect the estimated association. Despite substantial efforts to characterise the performance of the radiation dosimeters used, the possibility of measurement error remains. What this study adds The study provides a direct estimate of the association between protracted low dose exposure to ionising radiation and solid cancer mortality. Although high dose rate exposures are thought to be more dangerous than low dose rate exposures, the risk per unit of radiation dose for cancer among radiation workers was similar to estimates derived from studies of Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Quantifying the cancer risks associated with protracted radiation exposures can help strengthen the foundation for radiation protection standards. Funding, competing interests, data sharing Support from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire; AREVA; Electricité de France; US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; US Department of Energy; and Public Health England. Data are maintained and kept at the International Agency for Research on Cancer

Cohort Profile: The International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS)

International audienc